Franz Marmon

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Franz Marmon (born June 11, 1908 in Sigmaringen , † October 2, 1954 in Karlsruhe ) was a German lawyer, Gestapo officer and SS leader.

Life

Marmon was the son of the sculptor Franz Xaver Marmon and closed his school career after attending the elementary school on grammar school in Sigmaringen (now Hohenzollern-Gymnasium ) in 1928 with the High School from. At first he wanted to be a professional soldier, but then decided to study. He then began to study law at the University of Munich , which he continued at the University of Frankfurt am Main in 1930 and finished there in December 1933 with the first state examination. He completed his legal traineeship at the Sigmaringen District Court , the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court , the local public prosecutor's office and the Berlin Chamber of Commerce . He successfully completed the second state examination in Berlin in October 1938.

Marmon became a member of the Bismarck Youth in 1924 and of the Catholic CV student group while studying . While still a student, Marmon joined the NSDAP ( membership number 1.536.914) at the beginning of March 1933 and the SS (membership number 89.797) in June 1933 .

From January 1936 he belonged to the SD in Frankfurt am Main and from the beginning of February 1936 he worked at the Security Main Office I in Berlin. From 1938 he was a full-time department head in the Berlin Main Security Office I parallel to his legal preparatory service for the second state examination in law at the Berlin Court of Appeal.

After the beginning of the Second World War , Marmon was initially a civil servant on probation. From 1940 he worked in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia at the State Police Headquarters in Prague. After that he was with the local commander of the security police and the SD (BdS) and meanwhile three months in Poland. Then he was the personal advisor to the BdS and its liaison to the Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia .

Marmon, who was promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer in November 1940 , worked in the Munich State Police Headquarters from autumn 1941. With the rank of government councilor, Marmon was head of Department II (executive) until March 1943. There Marmon and the deputy Gestapo leader Alfred Trenker coordinated the interrogations of the Scholl siblings from the White Rose resistance group until the proceedings were taken over by the senior Reich lawyer. However, Trenker and Marmon did not sign the interrogation protocols and are not mentioned as being present.

In the spring of 1943 Marmon was seconded to the BdS in Belgrade , where he essentially performed "defensive defense tasks" and headed the field offices in Albania. From the beginning of April 1944 he returned to the state police station in Munich, where he was promoted to deputy head. On August 11, 1944, Marmon received a severe reprimand for accusing an SS-Untersturmführer of conscientious objection .

On August 16, 1944, by order of Ernst Kaltenbrunner , Marmon was entrusted with the management of the Kassel state police station, which he carried out from October 1944. Officially, however, Marmon did not take over management until the beginning of January 1945, which he held until the office was closed at the end of March 1945. In this function, Marmon was the superior of Erich Engels , who ran the Breitenau labor education camp .

From March 1945 Marmon was still the commander of the Security Police and SD Kassel. Shortly before the invasion of the US Army , three end- stage crimes were committed by order of Marmon :

  • On the evening of March 29, 1945, 28 prisoners from the Breitenau labor education camp were murdered by Gestapo employees and SS members near Fuldaberg.
  • On the morning of March 30, 1945, twelve prisoners from the Wehlheiden prison were murdered by the Kassel Gestapo.
  • On March 31, 1945, 78 Italian civilian workers were shot near the Wilhelmshöhe train station for plundering a Wehrmacht train by Gestapo employees from Kassel. The Italians who were used to build the tracks in the station were liquidated in groups of six to eight people.

Marmon fled at the beginning of April 1945 with other members of the security police via Witzenhausen to the Harz Mountains. There he managed to go into hiding in civilian clothes. He was then registered under the pseudonym Peter Vriemer in Hitzelrode and then in Rheinsheim near Bruchsal. He was u. a. active as a representative for roofing felt.

Marmon was arrested in Waiblingen in early August 1950 . From August 3, 1950, Marmon was in custody in the Kassel-Wehlheiden prison and was charged with “illegal execution orders” in Breitenau, Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe and Kassel-Wehlheiden. Marmon appealed to an orderly emergency and stated in court that he had acted on the instructions of the Reich Main Security Office or, in the case of the Italian forced laborers, according to Himmler's disaster decree (immediate shooting of looters). During the trial, Sophie and Hans Scholl's father appeared as a witness for Marmon. On the fourth day of the trial, Robert Scholl described in court that his son had told him personally before the execution that Marmon was "a fine person". In the following years Scholl tried unsuccessfully to contact Marmon.

"But I had to think about Marmon all the years and waited for the opportunity since 1945 because my son included him in the last prayer."

- Robert Scholl during his testimony in the trial against Marmon

Marmon was sentenced on February 5, 1952 by the jury court at Kassel regional court for manslaughter in "legal negligence" to a prison term of two years, to which the pre-trial detention was counted. The remainder of the sentence was waived. After an appeal , the judgment by the Federal Court of Justice became final on July 2, 1953. He died on October 2, 1954 in Karlsruhe .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sönke Zankel : With leaflets against Hitler. The resistance group around Hans Scholl and Alexander Schmorell . Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2008, ISBN 3-412-20038-7 , p. 419.
  2. ^ A b Gerhard Schreiber: The Italian military internees in the German sphere of influence, 1943–1945. Oldenbourg, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-486-55391-7 , p. 559.
  3. ^ Dietfrid Krause-Vilmar : Breitenau . In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 , p. 75.
  4. ^ Gunnar Richter: The public handling of the Nazi past using the example of the Breitenau concentration and work education camp . In: Dagmar Bussiek, Simona Göbel (ed.): Culture, politics and the public. Festschrift for Jens Flemming . Kassel University Press, Kassel 2009, ISBN 978-3-89958-688-6 , pp. 585 f.
  5. ↑ Quoted in: Gunnar Richter: The public handling of the Nazi past using the example of the Breitenau concentration and labor education camp . In: Dagmar Bussiek, Simona Göbel (ed.): Culture, politics and the public. Festschrift for Jens Flemming . Kassel University Press, Kassel 2009, p. 586.
personal data
SURNAME Marmon, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, Gestapo employee and SS leader
DATE OF BIRTH June 11, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Sigmaringen
DATE OF DEATH October 2, 1954
Place of death Karlsruhe