Franz Xaver Hackher zu Hart

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Monument to Major Hackher on the Graz Schlossberg by Otto Jarl (erected: 1909–1941)
Monument to Major Hackher on the Graz Schlossberg by Wilhelm Gösser since 1966

Franz Xaver Ritter and Edler Hackher zu Hart , from 1812 Freiherr Hackher zu Hart (born November 13, 1764 in Vienna ; † September 2, 1837 there ) was an imperial and royal genius - colonel and defender of the Graz Schloßberg during the French siege in 1809. Am Grazer Schloßberg the Hackher Lion still reminds of his valiant defense against the troops of Napoléon Bonaparte .

Life

After completing his training at the Genie Academy from 1785 to 1787, he was retired as a sub-lieutenant and took part in the Turkish War (1787–1792). After its end he was promoted to first lieutenant and in 1796 to captain in the engineering corps . He also distinguished himself during the siege of Mantua , becoming a captain on July 11, 1801 and major on January 11, 1808 .

Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order

His clever and brave defense of the Graz Schlossberg in May and June 1809 against the Napoleonic troops earned him the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order and lasting fame in Graz.

"The French had fired at the sparsely manned and poorly armed fortress from three, later two positions in the Grabenvorstadt and Geidorf and tried to conquer it in a total of seven infantry attacks."

Hackher was subsequently elevated to the rank of baron in 1812 and promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1813 .

Napoleon, on the other hand, was so angry about the heroic defense that in the Peace of Schönbrunn the razing of the fortress on the Schlossberg was also set; only the clock tower and bell tower could be saved by the citizens of Graz at great financial sacrifice.

In the following missions in 1813 and 1814 in the northern army of the Swedish Crown Prince Karl XIV. Johann Hackher earned a high reputation for his achievements and was awarded the Swedish Order of the Sword .

Hackher later became director of the Moravian Fortification District . In 1820 he was promoted to colonel and in early 1826 he retired. Most recently he lived in Brunn . In 1812 he married Maria Barbara, daughter of the kk wholesaler Jakob Edler von Smitmer.

Hackher died in Vienna in September 1837. His grave is located in Vienna on the edge of Waldmüllerpark Grabstein Nr. 66 (10th district, between Landgut-, Herz-, Dampf- and Karmarschgasse) as part of a monument grove with 100 important grave monuments of famous personalities.

Honors

Graduation badge "Hackher zu Hart" from the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt

In 1909 a memorial was erected to him on the Schlossberg ( 47 ° 4 ′ 38.06 ″  N , 15 ° 26 ′ 13.82 ″  E ), which was held on October 17 of the same year in the presence of Governor Edmund von Attems-Heiligenkreuz von Archduke Friedrich of Austria-Teschen was unveiled. The "Hackherlöwe" (cannon bronze casting: Alois Josef Selzer, Metallkompositions-Produktion Siebenharr , Vienna-Mariahilf ) created by the Swedish-born Otto Jarl (1856-1915) was removed as an "Adolf Hitler metal donation" from the city of Graz in 1941 and Melted down in 1943. It was not until 1966 that Wilhelm Gösser's freely perceived recreation could be unveiled at the original location.

The Hackher barracks in Gratkorn , which lies in the direction of the lion, is named after him. In 2011 the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt was named after him to commemorate the 2013 decommissioning year . The vintage badge bears the hoe taken from the family coat of arms and ends at the bottom with the motto of the Austrian officers, "Faithful to death".

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Austrian baron on April 9, 1812 in Vienna for Franz Xaver Ritter and Edler von Hackher zu Hart , KK major in the engineering corps, as a knight of the Military Maria Theresa Order. - Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume IV, p. 366, Volume 67 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1978.
  2. ^ Walter Brunner: History of the City of Graz
  3. ^ New Yearbook 1913, p. 51, Ed .: Heraldisch-Genealogische Gesellschaft Adler
  4. ^ "Stones tell from the history of Vienna" by Hans Pemmer in the Official Gazette of the City of Vienna, vol. 55, no. 11 of February 8, 1950, 3rd part, p. 1 or Historisches Lexikon Wien by Felix Czeike, Vienna 2004; Volume 4, p. 204 and Volume 5, p. 580.
  5. ↑ Daily news. (...) The Hackher monument on the Graz Schloßberg. In:  Salzburger Volksblatt , No. 238/1909 (XXXIXth year), October 19, 1909, p. 4, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / svb.
  6. ^ "Hackher zu Hart": New class name at the Theresian Military Academy . In: bundesheer.at , May 5, 2011, accessed on September 27, 2013.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Freiherrnstand was awarded to Franz Xaver Edlen Hackher zu Hart , the knighthood was not given in the year the status was raised, 1812. - See: Wednesday, May 20, 1812. Vienna .. In:  Oesterreichisch-Kaiserliche privilegirte Wiener-Zeitung , No. 41/1812, May 20, 1812, p. 1, top left (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrzas well as Hackher zu Hart, Ritter and Freiherren . In: Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 4: Graffen - Kalau von Kalheim . Voigt, Leipzig 1863, p. 129.
personal data
SURNAME Hackher zu Hart, Franz Xaver
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hackher zu Hart, Franz Xaver Ritter and Edler; Hackher zu Hart, Franz Xaver Freiherr
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian kuk engineer colonel
DATE OF BIRTH November 13, 1764
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH September 2, 1837
Place of death Vienna