Johanniskloster (Stralsund)
.JPG)
The Johanniskloster in the German Hanseatic city of Stralsund was built as a Franciscan monastery on the outskirts of the city, at that time directly on the banks of the Strelasund , shortly after the city charter was granted in 1234 .
The monastery is located in the heartland of the year 2002 by the UNESCO for World Heritage declared area Historic Centers of Stralsund and Wismar . Areas of the Stralsund city archive are housed here. Architecturally, the Johanniskloster is a mixture of different stylistic epochs, elements of Gothic , Baroque and Classicism can be identified. The entrance is on Schillstrasse , the postal address is Schillstrasse 27/28.
history
The Rügen prince Jaromar II had assigned the Franciscans a piece of land near what was then the beach on Strelasund in a document. The founders of the property were Borante and Margarete von Putbus , Helmar and Arnold Schriver , who also came from the island of Rügen, as well as the von der Osten family .
At the beginning of the 14th century, the construction of the monastery, financed by donations, was almost complete. The St. John's Abbey is one of the oldest buildings in northern Germany and was at the time one of the most important branches of the Order of the Franciscans in the Baltic Sea region . Possibly there was a seminar for up to 30 religious here. The convent belonged to the Saxon order province ( Saxonia ).
Because of the complete loss of the monastery archive during the " Stralsund church break " of 1525, the history up to the Reformation can only be traced back to corresponding sources, such as B. partially reconstruct the documents and wills kept in the Stralsund City Archives . The few remaining records of the "Stralsund church breaking" from 1525 report the storming of the monastery by the masses and the plundering of food supplies as well as the destruction of many altars and pictures. Some of the monks fled and took valuables and documents with them from the monastery, while others professed to be Protestant in order to be able to stay in Stralsund. The monastery came into the possession of the city and was converted into a poor house. However, the Franciscans had already opened their doors to those in need before the Reformation and supported them.
Some of the new residents of the monastery lived in large communal halls, while a small number had secured a permanent right of residence in the former monks' cells in exchange for a sum of money. This part was called Prövener (von Präbende ). Most of the residents, however, were poor.
Also in the 16th century, the "sick room of the tailor's journeymen" was set up in the former monastery, which served until 1895 to provide social support for the journeymen of the tailoring trade.
In 1624 on Christmas Eve the 77 meter long Gothic hall church and the attic of the enclosure burned down due to negligence . The buildings were not rebuilt for lack of money. In 1646 the city council decided to rebuild the church choir , which began in 1648. On Christmas Eve 1651, 27 years after the fire, the little St. John's Church was consecrated. The southern wall of the nave , which was damaged in the fire in 1624, was removed and moved around one meter to today's Schillstrasse , and the nave, which was still missing the roof, was given a 17-yoke cloister .
In the east wing, an institution for the deaf and dumb opened in 1825 for up to 30 pupils, for which a small half-timbered building was built in 1829, which had to be demolished in autumn 2018 due to dilapidation and improper foundation. In 1827 the “nursery for the poor” was opened in the west wing of the former monastery to look after around 100 children, who were also given lessons. The nave served as a burial place until 1850, later horses, artillery vehicles and fire extinguishers were parked here and markets (wool market) were held.
During the bombing raid on Stralsund on October 6, 1944 , the small St. John's Church from 1651 and the cloister in the nave were destroyed.
After the Second World War, there were again financial reasons that prevented the reconstruction of the monastery complex. It was not until 1963 that reconstruction began on the initiative of the then director of the city archives , Herbert Ewe , in the west wing, which had previously housed a kindergarten . Here and in the east wing, Gothic paintings were uncovered during the extensive renovation work. Old people lived on the smokehouse until 1980; since this year the attic has been used by the city archive. The smokehouse got this name because many small separate apartments were set up on it, the kitchen stoves of which let their smoke escape directly into the roof beam construction, which helped to preserve it.
The "Helle Gang" located above the cloister in the north was renovated in 1973. In 1983, Gothic frescoes were uncovered in the chapter hall, which is now also used as a concert hall. Most of the restoration work was completed by the mid-1980s.
The so-called "Baroque Library" contained around 2500 books, mainly in French , which were donated to the city of Stralsund in 1761 by the Governor General of Swedish-Pomerania , Axel Graf von Löwen .
The Jewish stele stands in the courtyard of the monastery . It was erected on Stralsund's Judenstrasse in 1988 to commemorate the almost complete expulsion and extermination of the Stralsund Jews by the National Socialists , but was smeared soon after the fall of the Wall .
In the inner courtyard of the church ruins, there is a replica of the Pietà by Ernst Barlach as a reminder of the horrors of war.
The monastery has been closed for structural reasons since 2012 and is undergoing extensive renovations to preserve the substance and stabilize the climate in the rooms. The medieval wall paintings are to be secured. These measures started in 2015; At the same time, excavations are being carried out during construction. Parts of the archive material showed signs of impending mold growth. The historical library holdings and archival materials have been removed and are being cleaned.
literature
- Herbert Ewe : The building of the former Franciscan monastery St. Johannis zu Stralsund and the beginning of its restoration , In: Greifswald-Stralsunder Jahrbuch, vol. 8.1968 / 69, pp. 121-138
- Herbert Ewe: Treasures in monastery walls. On the history, restoration and use of the Franciscan monastery Sankt Johannis zu Stralsund. Hinstorff, Rostock 1990, ISBN 3-356-00319-4
- Herbert Ewe: The Franciscans in the medieval Baltic Sea city of Stralsund , In: Law and everyday life in the Hanseatic region. Gerhard Theuerkauf on his 60th birthday (De Sulte, Vol. 4), ed. by Silke Urbanski , Lüneburg 1993, pp. 145-162
- Burkhard Kunkel: The sermon of St. Francis. The Franziskusretabel in the Dominican monastery St. Katharinen zu Stralsund. Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2007, ISBN 978-3-935749-71-8
- Burkhard Kunkel: Work and Process. The visual artistic equipment of the Stralsund churches - a work history. Gebrüder Mann Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-7861-2588-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Burkhard Kunkel: "... datt no longer wanted to be affected by affgoederie edder mißbrukes darmit". About the handling of the visual artistic equipment of the Stralsund convent churches at the time of the denominational change . In: Marcin Majewski (ed.): Stargardia, Rocznik Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historycznego w Stargardzie poświęcony przeszłości i culture Pomorza . tape VIII . Stargard 2014, p. 99-118 .
- ↑ [1] Report in the Ostseezeitung from November 3, 2018 with video
- ↑ stralsund.de: Status of work in the Johanniskloster , June 29, 2016.
- ↑ Stralsund Johanniskloster is being renovated. In: Day of the Lord. Catholic weekly newspaper for the Archdiocese of Berlin. December 9, 2018, p. 1.
Coordinates: 54 ° 19 '1.4 " N , 13 ° 5' 31.1" E