Women's grave from Dienstedt

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Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 17 ″  N , 11 ° 10 ′ 9 ″  E

Women's grave from Dienstedt
p1
f1
location Saxony-Anhalt , Germany
Location Dienstedt
Women's grave of Dienstedt (Thuringia)
Women's grave from Dienstedt
When late Roman Imperial Era ,
3rd century AD
Where Dienstedt , Stadtilm / Thuringia
displayed Archaeological collections of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena ,
collection of prehistory and early history

The Germanic women's grave of Dienstedt from the 3rd century from the late Roman imperial period was discovered by the voluntary ground monument curator Friedrich Gebser in 1837 northeast near Dienstedt in Stadtilm in Thuringia and examined by the Museum of Prehistory and Early History of Thuringia . The excavation took place between 1970 and 1973 together with a settlement that was also discovered. The women's grave, a body burial with rich grave goods, is assigned to the elite graves of the Haßleben-Leuna group and it is assumed that it was part of a burial field.

Silver bracelets, one amber collier , a silver fibel and Roman import vessels of bronze lift, like the solid silver collar with pear-shaped loop and two large round cans brooches burial as exceptional produce. The tin brooches are seen as the unique work of a Germanic master whose workshop was probably located in the same settlement in the Dienstedt area.

The women's grave and the Elbe-Germanic settlement of Dienstedt, which was discovered analogously, are traditionally attributed to the Hermunduren by historical research .

Find description

The rich women's grave was excavated along with large parts of the settlement. The grave is dated to the decades around 300. According to the value of the grave goods, it is assigned to the second richest group of Germanic elite graves, as there is no gold discovery. The high-quality turntable ceramic found during the excavations, which looks like imported Roman goods, underlines the special status of the women's grave and the settlement. Workshops for turntable goods have so far only been found at a few sites - for example at Haßleben and Leuna . The ceramics in these workshops are mostly found as grave goods in grave fields with body burials of the Haßleben-Leuna group, i.e. in elite graves of group 1a. Roman imported vessels and a number of silver jewelry have been preserved from the grave goods from the body of the rich Germanin near Dienstedt.

The jewelery ensemble of the Germanin includes a silver neck ring (diameter: 16.9 cm) with a keyhole-shaped hook and eye fastener, half of which is wrapped with wire spirals, which are combined with six small fluted gold-sheet cylinders; two silver wire arm rings (diameter: 6.5 to 7 cm) with sliding clasp; a silver needle (length still 9.9 cm) with a double-conical head, cross-ribbed neck and shaft; a bone needle; a silver two-part crossbow brooch with a triangular base and four grooved rings on the handle (length: 5.2 cm, type Almgren VI, 175); a necklace of variously shaped curls and decorated silver ax pendants, silver S-shaped clasps, two glass and 20 amber beads; a pair of splendid, partly gold-plated tutulus brooches made of sheet silver, (diameter: 7.8 cm, height: 5.7 cm).

Gustav Eichhorn took apart the unusual splendid brooches and described them precisely: “The brooch has the construction of a two-part crossbow brooch. On the handle sits an artfully crafted box, which, as it was dismantled, is made up of three main parts: a conical cover piece, a cylindrical center piece and the bottom (...) ”. The size and weight of these unique brooches speak in favor of a function as a clasp for a cape or just as a showpiece. They are unique in terms of shape and decoration.

Other additions include Roman imports: a Roman knife with a silver-mounted, ivory handle; a Hemmoorer bucket and a bronze basin with three movable rings.

Art historical significance

The two tin brooches , which are unique in terms of design and size as a find in the continental Germanic area, are very significant for the history of art in the field of Germanic goldsmithing .

Gustav Eichhorn , Joachim Werner and Sigrid Thomas have described the metal jewelry in detail in terms of construction, decoration and art historical significance.

The splendid brooches with their decoration made of pearl wire arranged in zones and silver rivet pins are on a par with one of the ornamental disks from the Thorsberger Moor and the swastika brooches of the Häven type . Based on models in the Roman provincial area ( Stockbronner Hof type ), these ceremonial disc brooches of the Dienstedt type were made in Central Germany , where other similar finds are known, such as in Freienbessingen and, in a broader sense, in Haßleben . The ceremonial primers from service were then used as a model for the tutulus primers of the 4th and 5th centuries that were created in northern Lower Saxony.

The necklace is adorned with eight-shaped amber pearls, as they were widespread throughout the 4th century in the Barbaricum . After the figure of eight, they probably go back to late Roman eyebeads made of cobalt blue glass. The silver ax pendants on the chain have numerous parallels in central Germany, for example in Haßleben, and occur from Schleswig-Holstein to the Carpathian region, where they can be traced back to models in the Dacian - Sarmatian region. Proven since the beginning of the Roman Empire, they clearly belong to the late Empire and the early Migration Period and are a sign of an ax cult.

The neck ring is of the widespread type with a pear-shaped eyelet (also known as a keyhole eyelet) that is common in central Germany, Hungary , the Mainz region , eastern Germany and southern Scandinavia . Sometimes they are made of gold, others of silver or bronze. In Central Germany only silver or gold occurs. However, the service ring is one of the special forms, as is the example from Haßleben, Grave 8 or the ring from Häven.

Silver neck rings with pear-shaped gold eyelets were only found in elite graves of Germanic women. The semi-finished product of such a neck ring comes from one of the works in Dienstedt. It corresponds entirely to the type from the Dienstedt women's grave. On the basis of this semi-finished product it could be determined that these rings were made from square bars and that the end of the eyelet was forged.

The fine forging of the tutulus brooches and the neck ring lifts the grave above the level of the grave group Ib according to Wolfgang Schlueter, despite the lack of gold jewelry .

exhibition

The outstanding finds from the Dienstedt women's grave are part of the archaeological collections of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena.

Remarks

  1. ^ Heiko Steuer :  Dienstedt. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 5, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1984, ISBN 3-11-009635-8 , p. 409. for a fee from GAO , De Gruyter (online)
  2. ^ A b Heiko Steuer:  Dienstedt. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 5, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1984, ISBN 3-11-009635-8 , pp. 408-410. chargeable at GAO , De Gruyter (Online)
  3. ^ Günther Behm-Blancke : Society and Art of the Germanic Peoples. The Thuringians and their world . Dresden 1973, p. 25.
  4. ↑ E. Keller, On the chronology of the grave finds from the young imperial period from southwest Germany and northern Bavaria . In: Studies on prehistoric and early historical archeology, Festschrift Joachim Werner Part 1. 1974, pp. 274–291, here p. 254.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Schlüter : Attempt to differentiate the young imperial body grave group from Haßleben-Leuna based on an analysis of the grave finds . In: Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen Niedersachsen 6. 1970, pp. 117–145, see group I b.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Schlüter: Attempt to differentiate the young imperial body grave group from Haßleben-Leuna based on an analysis of the grave finds . In: Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen Niedersachsen 6. 1970, pp. 117–145, here p. 143.
  7. ↑ Cf. Gustav Eichhorn: The grave find from Dienstedt near Remda (Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar) . In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 40. Berlin 1908, pp. 902–914, here p. 903 ff. With illus .; see. Sigrid Thomas: The Germanic disc fibulae of the Roman Empire in free Germania . In: Berliner Jahrbuch 7. 1967, pp. 1–187, here p. 158 with fig. 9; see. Joachim Werner: The two decorative discs from the Thorsberg moor find . Berlin 1941, p. 25 fig. 5.
  8. ^ A b Sigrid Dušek : Prehistory and early history of Thuringia. Manor house and handicraft skates Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 978-3-8062-1504-5 , p. 122.
  9. ^ Hans Jürgen Eggers: The Roman import in free Germania . Hamburg 1951, see Type 58; see Hemmoor.
  10. ^ Hans Jürgen Eggers: The Roman import in free Germania . Hamburg 1951, see type 85.
  11. ↑ Cf. Gustav Eichhorn : The grave find from Dienstedt near Remda (Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar) . In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 40. Berlin 1908, pp. 902–914.
  12. ↑ Cf. Joachim Werner: The two decorative discs of the Thorsberger Moorfund . Berlin 1941, p. 23 ff.
  13. ↑ Cf. Sigrid Thomas: The Germanic disk fibulae of the Roman Empire in free Germania . In: Berliner Jahrbuch 7. 1967, pp. 1–187, here pp. 35–36 and p. 40.
  14. ↑ Claus von Carnap-Bornheim , Eva Nyman:  Thorsberg. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 30, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-018385-4 , pp. 485-487. ( chargeable at GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  15. ↑ Cf. Joachim Werner: The two decorative discs of the Thorsberger Moorfund . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1941.
  16. ↑ See Horst Wolfgang Böhme: Germanic grave finds from the 4th to 5th centuries between the Elbe and Loire . Munich 1974.
  17. ↑ Robert Koch: Late Roman eyelet beads made of cobalt blue glass . In: Festschrift W. Haberey . 1976, pp. 71-78, here p. 74; see. Horst Wolfgang Böhme: Germanic grave finds of the 4th to 5th centuries between the Elbe and Loire . Munich 1974, pp. 41-42.
  18. ↑ See Wilhelm Gebers, Hermann Hinz : A body grave of the migration period from Bosau, Krs. Ostholstein . In: Offa 34. 1977, pp. 5–32, here p. 27 and p. 31: list and Fig. 13 map.
  19. ↑ Cf. Heinrich Beck , Herbert Jankuhn :  Axtkult § 5 and § 6. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1973, ISBN 3-11-004489-7 , pp. 562-568. ( chargeable at GAO , De Gruyter Online); for the locks and hooks cf. Bernhard Beckmann, Torsten Capelle :  Trailer and locking hook § 3. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1973, ISBN 3-11-004489-7 , pp. 333–339. ( chargeable at GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  20. ↑ See Berta Stjernquist: Simris. On Cultural Connections of Scania in the Roman Iron Age . Lund 1955; see. H. Günter Rau: Body graves with glass additions from the 4th century AD in the Oder-Vistula region . In: Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica 3. 1972, pp. 109-214, here pp. 147-148, list, map Fig. 46.
  21. ↑ Cf. Wolfgang Schlüter: Attempt to differentiate the body grave group of Haßleben-Leuna from the Young Emperor on the basis of an analysis of the grave finds . In: New excavations and research Lower Saxony 6. 1970, pp. 117–145.
  22. ↑ See objects from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Pre- and Early History Collection: on the women's grave of Dienstedt

literature

  • Horst Wolfgang Böhme : In: Helmut Roth (Hrsg.): Art of the migration period (= Propylaea Art History Suppl. 4). Frankfurt am Main et al. 1979, p. 196. and Fig. 116 b.
  • Sigrid Dušek : Prehistory and early history of Thuringia. Manor house and handicraft skates Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 978-3-8062-1504-5 , pp. 123-124.
  • Gustav Eichhorn : The grave find of Dienstedt near Remda (Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar) . In: Journal of Ethnology 40. Berlin 1908.
  • Heiko Steuer :  Dienstedt. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 5, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1984, ISBN 3-11-009635-8 , pp. 408-410. ( chargeable at GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  • Gustav Eichhorn: panels on the prehistory and early history of Thuringia . 1908, p. 903, fig. 2 and 1910, plate V, no.179.
  • Alfred Götze , Paul Höfer , Paul Zschiesche: The prehistoric and early historical antiquities of Thuringia . Würzburg 1909, pp. 262-263, plate XX ( online ).
  • Robert Roeren: On the archeology and history of southwest Germany in the 3rd to 5th century AD. In: Yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum [JrbRGZM] 7. 1960, pp. 214–294 and Fig. 15 u. 16.
  • Berthold Schmidt , Jan Bemman: Body burials of the younger Roman Empire and the time of the Great Migration in Central Germany . Catalog. Publications of the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum for Prehistory. Halle an der Saale 2008.

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