Friedrich Bernhard von Wickede

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Friedrich Bernhard von Wickede, handwritten silhouette and signature, around 1780

Friedrich Bernhard von Wickede , also: Bernhardt (born December 31, 1748 in Lübeck ; † November 24, 1825 in Copenhagen ) was a German educator , writer and silhouette cutter .

life and work

Friedrich Bernhard von Wickede comes from the Lübeck patrician family von Wickede , which had councilors and mayors for several centuries. He was the only son of Mayor Bernhard von Wickede . At the age of 20, Friedrich Bernhard was accepted into the circle society in 1768 after studying at the University of Rostock , which was actually only a family association of the Brömbsen and Wickede families due to rigid admission conditions and had lost its importance due to changed circumstances. He developed a great interest in reviving society as a noble order and became the real soul of society . He moved as a tenant into the society house at Königstraße 21, which the society had lavishly renewed in the braid style from 1777–1779 , took care of the renovation of the circle brothers chapel in the Katharinenkirche , revived the communal celebration of the Trinity as a foundation festival of the society and achieved one in 1778 Confirmation of the imperial privileges by Joseph II and an improvement in their insignia .

Augusta von Wickede, silhouette by Friedrich Bernhard von Wickede, approx. 1780, from Friedrich Münter's register in the Danish Royal Library

He was initially married from 1774 to Magdalena Augusta Dorothea, b. Vanselow (1751-7 November 1786). She was a friend of Christian Hieronymus Esmarch and corresponded with Klopstock . The couple lived alternately in Lübeck and Copenhagen, where Auguste became a close friend and mentor of Friederike Münter , then 14 , and later married Brun. Augusta died in 1786, Friedrich Bernhard von Wickede had her buried in the cemetery of St. Lorenz Church in front of the city and placed a simple, classicist tomb for her. Her grave was the first of a notable person on the site previously only used as a poor cemetery; it gave the impetus for a far-reaching cemetery reform movement.

In his second marriage in 1787 he married Margrethe Elisabeth, b. Haake, widowed Noodt, widowed Dehnke / Deneke (1754–1800). She was a daughter of the preacher at the Lübeck Mary Magdalene (castle church) initially Pastor Carl Christian Noodt (1745-1780), who in 1779 made Johann Haake and widow Wesenberg to the German Church had been called in Stockholm, but died already in 1780, and then of the businessman Johann Balthasar Dehnke / Deneke (1742–1784) in Stockholm.

Wickede's plan was to set up a philanthropist in the renovated society house modeled on Dessau , into which he would take twelve young people and raise them with his first wife according to the educational ideas of Johann Bernhard Basedow . Society was reluctant to give its approval. After the death of his first wife, the boarding school was no longer popular and fell into disrepair . In 1790, Wickede had to file for bankruptcy. He had to vacate the house and first went to Plön , where August Adolph von Hennings supported him. In 1794 he published his plan and method of the educational institution in Plön in the magazine Der Genius der Zeit published by Hennings . He opened another philanthropist in Plön Neustadt, for whom his wife had bought a large house at Johannisstrasse 8. However, it did not want to flourish, and its work was overshadowed by an accident in which Johann Carl Deneke, one of his step-sons, was shot by a playmate at the age of nine.

Friederike Brun's husband, who later became the Danish secret conference councilor Constantin Brun , who was himself a native of Rostock, provided him and his family with accommodation and a livelihood as an inspector on his agricultural model estate Antvorskov in Slagelse on Zealand . In 1799 he had acquired the lands of this former monastery, divided it into four parcels and sold them on at a considerable profit. In 1812 Wickede moved to Copenhagen and spent his old age here in poverty as a man of letters .

In 1772, Wickede was one of the founders of the Lübeck Masonic Lodge Zum Fruchthorn , later Zum Füllhorn . From 1786 to 1789 he succeeded Detlev Joachim von Brockdorff, her master of the chair . As a consequence of his bankruptcy, he had to forego re-election and withdraw from the life of a lodge. In 1812 he joined the Zorobabel Lodge in Copenhagen .

From his first marriage he had seven daughters and the son Friedrich Bernhard August von Wickede (1774-1822), who was a Danish officer and councilor in Tranquebar . From his second marriage he had a daughter and two sons, including Johann Wilhelm (1788-1881), who became a Danish colonel and was the last male offspring of the Danish line.

Friedrich Bernhard von Wickedes pedigree with 125 entries from the years 1767-1793, including dedications by Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock and Christian Fürchtegott Gellert , the foundation of the brothers Linel in Buchkunst- and graphic collection is now as part of the Museum of Applied Arts in Frankfurt am Main .

Fonts

  • Plan and method of the educational institution in Ploen , in: Der Genius der Zeit 1 (1794), p. 383

literature

  • Berend Kordes: Lexicon of the now-living Schleswig-Holstein and Eutinian writers. Schleswig 1797, p. 385
  • Carl Friedrich Wehrmann : The Lübeck patriciate. In: Journal of the Association for Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde 5 (1888), pp. 293–392. ( Digitized version )
  • Wilhelm Brehmer : Directory of the members of the circle company together with information about their personal circumstances. In: ZVLGA 5 (1888) ( digitized version), pp. 393–454
  • Christa Pieske : From the work of the silhouetteurs in Lübeck. In: ZVLGA 44 (1964), pp. 59-84
  • Vello Helk : Wickede, Friedrich Bernhard von , in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck. Volume 7, Neumünster: Wachholtz 1985, pp. 324-326; also in: Alken Bruns (ed.): Lübeck résumés from nine centuries. Neumünster: Wachholtz 1993 ISBN 3-529-02729-4 , pp. 418-421

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Bernhard von Wickede  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rostock matriculation
  2. ↑ Wehrmann p. 367f
  3. ↑ The tomb was later moved to the Vorwerker Friedhof, where it has been preserved to this day.
  4. ↑ Sylvina Zander: "May we have a rural churchyard!" The "non-profit" and the vision of a new burial culture around 1800. In: Der Wagen 2006, pp. 273–288, here p. 279.
  5. ↑ According to Erich ways, Doris Walser-Wilhelm, Anhaltische Landesbücherei Dessau (ed.): The family book of Friedrich von Matthissons : Transcription and commentary on the facsimile. Wallstein Verlag 2007 ISBN 9783835300026 , p. 363; Deneke after Brehmer (Lit.), p. 444 and Helk (Lit.), p. 418
  6. ↑ See the entry in the Book of the Dead of St. John's Church in Plön , based on Gerhard Kay Birkner: Book of the Dead , lecture of March 29, 2007, accessed on July 13, 2010
  7. ↑ Johannes Hennings: History of the Johannis Lodge "Zum Füllhorn" zu Lübeck, 1772-1922. Lübeck 1922, p. 93f
  8. ↑ Entry in the Repertory Alborum Amicorum : International directory of family records and library fragments in public and private collections, accessed on July 13, 2010
personal data
SURNAME Wickede, Friedrich Bernhard von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wickede, Friedrich Bernhardt from
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator and silhouette cutter
DATE OF BIRTH December 31, 1748
PLACE OF BIRTH Lübeck
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 1825
Place of death Copenhagen