Friedrich II of Sommerschenburg

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Friedrich II. Von Sommerschenburg (* around 1100 - 19 May 1162 ) was Count Palatine of Saxony .

Life

He succeeded his father, Count Palatine Friedrich I of Saxony, who died at the end of 1120 , and took over his political direction on the side of the Saxon prince opposition to the Salier emperors . His mother was Adelheid von Lauffen .

The family, named after the mountain fortress Sommerschenburg above Sommersdorf (southeast of Helmstedt ), was closely related to the older Count Palatine of Saxony from the house of Goseck and Bottendorf ( Putelendorf ) (Oda, Friedrich's grandmother, was the daughter of Friedrich I von Goseck ) . Whether the Sommerschenburg agnates were the Supplinburg or the Walbeck counts is a matter of dispute.

Friedrich's marriage to Liutgard von Stade , sister of Hartwig I von Stade , was annulled in 1144 because they were too closely related . Friedrich's son and successor Adalbert and his daughter Adelheid, the Abbess of Quedlinburg , Gandersheim (and perhaps Bassum ) , who died in 1184, came from her .

Under Emperor Lothar III. Friedrich was considered one of the "loyal people at the imperial court" and later supported Henry the Lion . Friedrich was one of the most important Saxon imperial princes of his time. He held the bailiff's office of the monasteries and monasteries Quedlinburg , Gandersheim , Schöningen , Walbeck , Helmstedt , Huysburg , Hamersleben and Ringelheim and probably held the high bailiff of the archbishopric Hamburg-Bremen until 1152 . Friedrich had coins struck as Vogteiliche in Quedlinburg , Gandersheim and Helmstedt. T. belong to the earliest Bracteates in Lower Saxony. At the court of Conrad III. Like other imperial princes, Friedrich is likely to have been influenced by the sermon of Bernhard von Clairvaux . Nevertheless, he did not take part in the Second Crusade , but in the Wendenkreuzzug of 1147.

While Friedrich as territorial lord (including count in Hassegau ) did not take into account the rights of the neighboring monasteries and monasteries, he had a particularly close relationship with the Cistercians: Adelheid, the wife of the noble lord Volkmar de Thuringia , founded the abbey as early as 1127/29 Walkenried. It has been assumed that the founder was either a Countess Palatine of Saxony from the Bottendorf House or a Landgrave of Thuringia. Friedrich followed in 1136/38 with the establishment of the Cistercian Abbey of Mariental am Lappwald , the church of which he intended as his burial place. In addition, after his return from the crusade in 1148, he was involved in the founding of the Cisterce Michaelstein am Harz by the Quedlinburg abbess Beatrix II von Winzenburg.

Friedrich's no longer preserved tomb in the Marientaler monastery choir described the Helmstedt professor Heinrich Meibom: "The tombstone is chiseled, beardless and armored" - Meibom also shared the inscription, but not the coat of arms. According to more recent tradition (Hermen Bote), this consisted of a shield divided nine times by silver and red, or a golden eagle on blue as the official coat of arms for the Palatinate Saxony.

progeny

  • Adalbert (around 1130; † 1179), Count Palatine
  • Adelheid III. († May 1, 1184), Abbess of Quedlinburg and Gandersheim
  • Sophie († 1189/90) ∞ I Heinrich I († 1181) Count of Wettin; II 1182 Hermann I († 1217) Landgrave of Thuringia
  • Dietrich, guardian of Heinrich II. Von Wettin

literature

  • Hans-Dieter Starke: The Count Palatine of Sommerschenburg (1088–1179) , Jahrb. Fd Gesch. East u. Mitteldeutschlands 4 (1955) pp. 1-71
  • W. Petke: Sommerschenburg, Count Palatine of Saxony . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 7, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7608-8907-7 , Sp. 2042.
  • Heinrich Meibom's Chronicle of the Marienthal Monastery 1138–1619, introduced, translated a. explained by G. Zimmermann, Braunschweig 1988
  • Bernd Ulrich Hucker : Friedrich II. Of Sommerschenburg, Count Palatine of Saxony. Imperial prince and monastery founder. In: The Cistercian monastery Mariental near Helmstedt 1138–1988, ed. from Braunschw. United monastery u. Studienfonds (1989, 2nd edition 1989) pp. 114–126
  • Bernd Ulrich Hucker: Bassum Abbey , Bremen 1995, p. 103
  • Bernd Ulrich Hucker: Imperial princes as sponsors of the Cistercian order in the early Staufer period . In: Spirituality and Rule (Studies on History, Art and Culture of the Cistercians 5), Berlin 1998, pp. 46–57.
  • Gerhard Streich:  Sommerschenburg, from (Count Palatine of Saxony). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 569 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Goetting: The Diocese of Hildesheim: Das Reichsunmittelbare Kanonissenstift Gandersheim , Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 1973, p. 304, ISBN 3110042193 (digitized version )
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich II of Sommerschenburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count Palatine of Saxony
DATE OF BIRTH around 1100
DATE OF DEATH May 19, 1162