Friedrich Leybold

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Friedrich Leybold (span: Frederico Leybold ; born September 29, 1827 in Großköllnbach ; † December 31, 1879 in Santiago de Chile ) was a Bavarian botanist , naturalist and pharmacist . Its botanical author abbreviation is “ Leyb. ".

Life

On January 1, 1856, Leybold was accepted for his scientific work as a member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina . In 1871 he sent the General Austrian Pharmacists' Association a gift with various active ingredients from various South American countries. In return, he was listed by the association as a corresponding member .

After his time in Bozen and later in Hamburg , Leybold finally arrived in Chile in 1856. He first lived in Valparaíso . In a letter to the then incumbent President of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina, Wilhelm Behn , Leybold wrote:

“... I have not found an easy field for breadwinning in South America: lies and deceit in a thousand forms constantly forced me to fight the waves with my inmost effort; But nowadays, thanks to my unshakable work, even if not according to local terms, I am a rich, but wealthy man who owes everything to himself and his work. "

During this time he ran a pharmacy in Santiago de Chile, which was called Drogueria i Botica Alemana de Frederico Leybold .

When he was doing better economically, following his passion, he set out on numerous trips to the Chilean and Argentine Cordillera for research purposes . These activities put him in dire financial straits again. Therefore, at the beginning of the Saltpeter War, he put all his hopes in negotiations with the Chilean government. For the war between Chile, Peru and Bolivia he wanted to deliver a solid canned meat broth for the army, but the negotiations and the deal fell through. This hopeless situation led Leybold to life fatigue and finally to suicide in 1879 .

Friedrich Leybold the scientist

Friedrich Leybold is very often confused in literature with the Kiel botanist Friedrich Ernst Leibold (1804–1864).

During his time in Germany and Europe, his publications were limited to the flora and fauna of South Tyrol . So his publications appeared predominantly in the trade journal Flora or general botanical newspaper . Initially, Leybold cultivated a friendly relationship with the Bozen botanist Franz Freiherr von Hausmann (1810–1878), to whom he dedicated the Latin epithet of the Dolomite man's shield in 1852 . When the Bolzano painter Gottfried Seelos (1829–1900) sent him dolomite striped fern to Hamburg for analysis , there was a final break between him and Hausmann. Leybold felt betrayed by the ambitious househusband's actions.

As early as 1854, Leybold placed an advertisement in Flora and offered his entire collection with many rarities for sale. As a reason for the sale, he gave his planned departure to Chile. In Chile, his excursions first took him to the area around the 5748 meter high Cerro Colorado , where he discovered the new species, Viola atropurpurea , belonging to the rosette violet . In 1865 he sent an expedition to the Argentine province of Mendoza , which brought back some bird hides. He handed this over to Louis Landböck, the curator of the museum, who described the allegedly new species for Leybold in the Journal of Ornithology . Later, however, all new descriptions turn out to be already known species.

In February 1871, Leybold finally set out for the Argentine pampas himself . The result was his remarkable travelogue, which was published under the name Escursion a las pampas arjentinas: hojas de mi diario, febrero de 1871: seguido de tablas de observaciones barométricas i un boceto de la ruta tomada . For the volcanologist Alfons Stübel (1835-1904), he translated a small article into Spanish in 1878, which appeared under the name Antigua erupcion volcanica en la vecindad de los baños de Cauquenes, situados en el Valle del Cachapual, al lado austrae de este rio .

Dedication names

The subspecies of the Juan Fernandez hummingbird Eustephanus leyboldi, dedicated by John Gould to Leybold

The British ornithologist John Gould (1804-1881) dedicated a subspecies of the Juan Fernandez hummingbird to Leybold in 1870 and named it Eustephanus leyboldi or Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi . In his reason for choosing a name, he wrote:

"I therefore propose to give this green bird a specific appellation, and in calling it Eustephanus Leyboldi I am only paying a just compliment to a gentleman in his power to set this vexed question at rest, and to ascertain whether there be one, two, three or four species of Trochilidæ inhabiting that distant group of islands in the wide Pacific. "

The Spanish zoologist Marcos Jiménez de la Espada (1831–1898) dedicated the amphibian species Pyxicephalus leyboldi, which is now taxonomically under incertae sedis , to his friend Leybold in 1875 .

First descriptions by Friedrich Leybold

Friedrich Leybold was the first author to describe some species and subspecies.

species

The species that Leybold described include chronologically:

Subspecies

The subspecies that Leybold described include chronologically:

  • Subspecies of the atacamacolibris Rhodopis vesper atacamensis ( Leybold , 1869)
  • Subspecies of the green- banded woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros leucofrenatus Leybold , 1873

Works

Year 1852

  • Some new plants in the flora of Tyrol . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 35 , no. 26 , 1852, pp. 401-404 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1853

  • Daphne petraea, a new plant from the Tyrolean Alps . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 36 , no. 6 , 1853, pp. 81-82 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Androsace Pacheri and Möhringia glauca, two new plants in the southern German Alpine chain . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 36 , no. 37 , 1853, pp. 585-586 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Recent remarks on Androsace Hausmanni . In: Oesterreichisches botanisches Wochenblatt . tape 3 , no. 62 , 1853, pp. 412-413 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1854

  • About Tyrolean snakes . In: Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Association Vienna . tape 5 , no. 62 , 1854, pp. 19–21 ( online (PDF; 8.3 MB) [accessed on May 8, 2012]).
  • Botanical sketches from the borders of South Tyrol . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 37 , no. 9 , 1854, pp. 129-139 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Botanical sketches from the borders of South Tyrol . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 37 , no. 10 , 1854, p. 147–154 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Ranunculus minutus, a variety of R. montanus, and Artemisia norica, the variety of Artemisia nana Gaud., In the eastern central Alps . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 37 , no. 24 , 1854, pp. 369-370 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • The Schleern near Botzen in South Tyrol; general description of it and listing of the vascular plants found there, according to their peculiar locations . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 37 , no. 28 , 1854, pp. 433-444 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • A botanical excursion from Bozen to the Eishof on the southern slope of the large Oetzthal glacier . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 37 , no. 42 , 1854, pp. 657-665 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Primula villosa-Auricula. (A wild blinding, observed on the primeval mountains in Judicariums). - Oesterr. bot. Weekly IV. Year 1854 p. . In: Oesterreichisches botanisches Wochenblatt . tape 4 , 1854, p. 9-10 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1855

  • Asplenium Seelosii, a new fern from South Tyrol . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 38 , no. 6 , 1855, p. 81-82 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Flora of Western Eskimaux-Land. Excerpt from "The Botany of the Voyage of HMS Herald by Berthold Seemann" . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 38 , no. 7 , 1855, pp. 106-112 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Subsequent corrections on a few Tyrolean plants . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 38 , no. 9 , 1855, p. 132-133 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Oxytropis Parvopassuae . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 38 , no. 11 , 1855, p. 171-173 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • A botanical excursion to the Gankofel in South Tyrol . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 38 , no. 20 , 1855, p. 305-316 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Stripium in alpibus orientali-australibus nuperrime repertarum nonullarumque non satis adhuc xpositarum Icones quibus brevem ex recentissimis observationibus derivatam adjunxit . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 38 , no. 22 , 1855, pp. 337-349 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Cuique suum! Explanation to Freihrn v. Hausmann's postscript on Asplenium Seelosii . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 38 , no. 26 , 1855, pp. 414-349 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1858

  • Dos nuevas plantas chilenas, Viola atropurpurea, i Barneoudia Domeykoana . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 15 . Santiago 1858, p. 158–159 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed February 4, 2020]).
  • Friedrich Leybold: Cinco plantas nuevas de la Flora de Chile: Psycophila holophylla, Draber stenophyla, Viola rhombifolia, Viola microphilla Philippi, i Ceratophyllum chilense . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 16 . Santiago 1859, p. 678-683 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 2, 2020]).

Year 1859

  • Two new plant species in the Chilean flora, Viola atropurpurea, i Barneoudia Domeykoana . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 42 , no. 16 , 1859, pp. 241–242 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Descripción de una nueva especie de pez decubierto por don Frederico Leybold en el Rio-Seco de los baños de Colina . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 16 , 1859, pp. 1083-1085 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1862

  • Thecophiliaceae . In: Bonplandia . tape 10 , 1862, p. 370-371 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1863

  • Thecophiliaceae, a new natural order of monocotyledonous plants . In: Journal of botany, British and foreign . tape 1 , 1863, p. 9-10 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Descripciones de violetas nuevas, descubiertas en las cordilleras de Chile . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 23 , 1863, p. 671-672 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1864

  • Five new species of the genus Viola from Chile . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 47 , no. 3 , 1864, p. 40-41 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Viola portulacea nov. Sp. Lbd., A still undescribed violet from the Cordillere of the Portillo Pass between Santiago de Chile and Mendoza (east side of the Andes) . In: Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 47 , no. 3 , 1864, p. 381 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1865

  • Viola portulaceaea Lbd. nov. sp . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 26 , 1865, p. 718-719 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Description of four new bird species from the Argentine province of Mendoza . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 13 , no. 78 , 1865, p. 401-406 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Notes on Dolichotis patagonica, Lagostomus tridactylites, and Dasypus minutus . In: Correspondence sheet of the zoological-mineralogical association in Regensburg . tape 19 , 1865, pp. 114–115 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Cuatro especies nuevas de pájaros, descubiertos en la pendiente oriental de la cordillera que separa a la provincia de Santiago de la de Mendoza . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 26 , 1865, p. 712-718 .

Year 1866

  • Viola cano-barbata nov. sp. Lbd . In: Flora . tape 47 , no. 18 , 1866, pp. 285 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Cuatro especies nuevas de pájaros, descubiertos en la pendiente oriental de la cordillera que separa a la provincia de Santiago de la de Mendoza . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 26 , 1865, p. 712-718 .

Year 1869

  • Descripción de una nueva especie de Picaflor (Trochilus Atacamensis) Lbd. In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . tape 36 , 1869, pp. 43-44 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Year 1873

  • Description of some animals and plants from the Andes of Chile and the Argentine provinces . In: Leopoldina . tape 8 , 1873, p. 52-56 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Escursion a las pampas arjentinas: hojas de mi diario, febrero de 1871: seguido de tablas de observaciones barométricas i un boceto de la ruta tomada . Imprenta "Nacional", Santiago de Chile 1873 ( online (PDF; 23.8 MB) [accessed on May 8, 2012]).

literature

  • Unknown author: Friedrich Leybold . In: Leopoldina . tape 23 , 1887, p. 208-210 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Hugo Gunckel Lüer: Don Federico Leybold, botánico y farmacéutico . In: Revista Universitaria . tape 36 , no. 1 , 1951, p. 277-289 .
  • John Gould: On a supposed new Species of Humming-bird from Juan-Fernandez Group of Islands . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history . tape 6 , 1870, p. 406 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).
  • Marcos Jiménez de la Espada: Vertrebrados del viaje al Pacifico verificado de 1862 a 1865 por un comisión de naturalistas enviada por el Gobierno Español: batracios . Imprenta de Miguel Ginesta, Madrid 1875 ( online [accessed May 8, 2012]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Unknown author, p. 149.
  2. ↑ Drugs from Chile, Mendoza, Costa Rica and Bolivia, p. 370 f. & P. 706
  3. ↑ Flora, 1856, p. 287.
  4. ↑ a b Unknown author, p. 208.
  5. ↑ a b Unknown author, p. 209.
  6. ^ Leibold, Friedrich Ernst (1804–1864) at Jstore Plant Science
  7. ↑ Leybold, Flora, 1852, p. 401
  8. ↑ Leybold, Flora, 1855, p. 414 f.
  9. ↑ Leybold, Flora, 1854, p. 416.
  10. ^ John Gould, p. 406.
  11. ↑ Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, p. 19.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Leybold, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Leybold, Frederico; Leyb. (botanical author abbreviation)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1827
PLACE OF BIRTH Grossköllnbach
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 1879
Place of death Santiago de Chile