Friedrich Ulrich Calixt

Friedrich Ulrich Calixt (also: Calixtus ; * March 8, 1622 in Helmstedt ; † January 13, 1701 ibid) was a German Lutheran theologian.

Life

The son of Georg Calixt and his wife Catharina Gärtner was named after Duke Friedrich Ulrich (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) and raised by private teachers. He owed his further education in particular to Professor Christoph Schrader , while he attended lectures in languages and philosophy with the other professors in Helmstedt. Initially, he decided to study medicine, and his father handed him over to Jacob Tappe for training. In 1640 he moved to the University of Leipzig .

After returning home, he made up his mind to become a theologian. Together with Gerhard Titius he now studied Protestant theology in Helmstedt: interrupted by participating in the Thorner Religious Discussion in 1645, where he met many scholars. In 1648 he received special permission from the theological faculty to hold lectures and in 1650 became professor of theology at the University of Helmstedt , reading about the Loci communnes . In 1651 he traveled to Upper Saxony, Bohemia, Hungary, Moravia, Austria, Italy, France and Holland. He met u. a. with Emperor Ferdinand IV. (HRR) and Pope Innocent X together. On July 27, 1652 he acquired the title of doctor of theology in Helmstedt , in 1664 he was appointed to the consistorial and church council, and on July 22, 1684 he became abbot of the Königslutter monastery . In the course of his university activities, Calixt also became a senior in the theological faculty and participated as a multiple vice-rector in the organizational tasks of the Helmstedt University. He was married to Anna Margarete Duve (adopted Roier) from the family of Luther's friend Conrad (or Johann) Columbinus († 1562), daughter of the Helmstedt businessman and mayor Heinrich Duve the Elder. Ä. and Anna Modeler (both † 1626).

Act

Calixt was one of the most important representatives of his father's theological conception, the pursuit of denominational balance ( Irenik ), discredited as syncretism . After his father's death in 1656, as leader of the Helmstedt party, he became the focus of the " syncretistic dispute " with the representatives of Lutheran orthodoxy . Calixt's theology aimed at a rapprochement with both the Reformed and the Roman Catholic Church, as he considered various points of contention between the churches as unimportant. So he saw it as possible to bring about a peaceful union of the two churches, which completely violated the orthodox Lutheran self-image to see themselves as true representatives of the teaching of Jesus Christ. Calixt had to defend his father's theses primarily against Abraham Calov , but also against Johann Deutschmann , Aegidius Strauch and others. Within German Lutheranism, the orthodox tendency prevailed, while many followers of the Calixtian doctrine converted to the Roman Catholic Church.

Fonts (selection)

Demonstratio liquidissima quod Consensus repetitus fidei vere Lutheranae quem Abr. Calovius ... . Helmstedt, 1667.
Rejection of some injuries and calumnias by Aegidius Strauch: along with an attached protest . Helmstedt 1669
Justa animadversio in triumphum concordiae repetiti consensus . Helmstedt 1676
De religione Muhammedana dissertatio . Helmstedt 1687
De diversis totius universi religionibus dissertationes academicae . Helmstedt 1688
De chiliasmo cum antiquo, tum pridem renato tractatus theologicus . Helmstedt 1692
Spiritus, qui ex deo est, a spiritu fanatico discretio . Helmstedt 1693
De vario hominis statu eidemque conata legem exacte implendi impotentia tractatus theologicus . Helmstedt 1695
B. Mariae Virginis immaculatae conceptionis historia: cvi accessit Alexandri papae VII constitutionis examen ad Coloniae & Herbipoleos dominos theologos directum .... Helmstedt 1696 ( Online )
Via Ad Pacem Inter Protestantes Praeliminariter Restaurandam Strata per Colloquia Solennia atque alia Pacificorum Scripta Irenica Quae Calixtina comitatur Epicrisis . Helmstedt 1700
Excerpt from the handwritten Latin description of a trip by Friedrich Ulrich Calixtus through Italy, France and the Netherlands in 1651 . In: Johann Bernoulli's collection of short travelogues and other news serving to expand knowledge of countries and people . Vol. 7 u. 8, 1782

literature

Ernst Ludwig Theodor Henke : Georg Calixt and his time. 2 volumes. 1853-1860.
Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Friedrich Ulrich Calixt. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 861. ( Article / beginning of article in the Internet archive )
Baur: Calixtus, Georg , In: Er - Gruber : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . 1825, Vol. 14, pp. 141-145, online at sub.uni-goettingen.de, on Friedrich Ulrich pp. 144-145
Inge Mager : Calixt, Friedrich Ulrich. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Dieter Lent u. a. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon: 8th to 18th century. Appelhans, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 129
Fritz Roth : Complete evaluations of funeral sermons for genealogical and cultural-historical purposes. Self-published, Boppard / Rhein, 1976, Vol. 9, p., R 8
Hermann Schüssler: Calixtus, Friedrich Ulrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 96 ( digitized version ).
Wilhelm Gaß : Calixt, Friedrich Ulrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 704-706.
Calixtus, Fridericus Vleicus. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 5, Leipzig 1733, column 262 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

^ Rehtmeyer, Church History of the City of Braunschweig IV, p. 692; Georg Seebass, The pastors of the Braunschweig Evangelical Lutheran Church since the Reformation was introduced, edited by FW Freist, Wolfenbüttel Vol. I 1969, Vol. II 1974, p. 56; Deutsche Insschriften Online, DI 61, Stadt Helmstedt, No. 339 ( Ingrid Henze), in: www.inschriften.net, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0238-di061g011k0033909 .

personal data
SURNAME	Calixt, Friedrich Ulrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German Lutheran theologian
DATE OF BIRTH	March 8, 1622
PLACE OF BIRTH	Helmstedt
DATE OF DEATH	January 13, 1701
Place of death	Helmstedt

[1] Rehtmeyer, Church History of the City of Braunschweig IV, p. 692; Georg Seebass, The pastors of the Braunschweig Evangelical Lutheran Church since the Reformation was introduced, edited by FW Freist, Wolfenbüttel Vol. I 1969, Vol. II 1974, p. 56; Deutsche Insschriften Online, DI 61, Stadt Helmstedt, No. 339 ( Ingrid Henze), in: www.inschriften.net, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0238-di061g011k0033909 .