Friedrich von Kleinwächter

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Friedrich von Kleinwächter (born February 25, 1838 in Prague , † December 12, 1927 in Chernivtsi ) was an Austrian economist .

Life

Friedrich Kleinwächter completed his habilitation in Prague in 1865, then was a full professor at the German-Baltic Polytechnic in Riga and from 1875 until his retirement as a full professor of political economy (full professor of political science) at the newly founded Franz Joseph University in Czernowitz. Here he read public finance in connection with financial legislation and administrative theory, which he later converted into economic policy. In 1882/83 and 1893/94 he was rector of the University of Chernivtsi.

In 1909 Kleinwächter was ennobled and raised to hereditary nobility. He was also an imperial and royal councilor . He published several textbooks and many articles in the economics and statistics yearbooks . 1882-1902 he published the German-language cooperative newspaper in Bukowina .

His son was the diplomat Ludwig Kleinwächter , his nephew the lawyer Friedrich FG Kleinwächter .

plant

In 1883, Kleinwächter presented the first scientific study of the cartel system , which he saw as positive in terms of the guilds of the Middle Ages . The cartels could regulate the "anarchism in the national economy" which arose from the free, unrestrained competition of the classical liberalism of its time. He defined production, sales and price cartels that would then lead to even distribution. He partly included agreements by employers on common behavior towards their workers.

In dealing with the social movements of industrialization , he states that “ scientific socialism ” has contributed to the clarification of the “ social question ”:

Indeed, today nobody will want to deny that the employer unfortunately in many cases uses the plight of the workers in order to settle them with effective starvation wages. (...) Scientific socialism has finally proven the untenability of the dogma of ' laissez faire ' in an irrefutable way and thus demonstrated the lack of content of the Manchester doctrine of 'self-help' and 'thrift', (...). ",

but declares that capital and land rent are economically necessary and legally covered. Since scientific socialism can neither refute this nor prove the objective necessity of collective property, socialism as a science has not got beyond the moral justice conceptions of the utopian socialism of Thomas More and Tommaso Campanella . He concluded:

“The only thing that so-called scientific socialism can claim as its achievement is that it undertook to produce the - albeit unsuccessful - proof that the basic and capital rent was an unjustified income, while the older communism was one did not see a fact in need of proof that the rich have an unemployed income. Our investigation has led us to the result that so-called scientific socialism has not succeeded in irrefutably proving the indispensability of collective land and capital ownership. "

Fonts

  • On the reform of the Crafts Constitution . Berlin 1875
  • The national economy as science and its position to the other disciplines; Speech given on October 4, 1882 when the rectorate of the Franz Josef University in Chernivtsi took over . Habel, Berlin 1882 ( digitized version )
  • The industrial cartels . Innsbruck 1883
  • The foundations and goals of so-called scientific socialism , Innsbruck 1885.
  • The state novels. A contribution to the teaching of communism and socialism . Vienna 1891. Reprint Liberac 1967
  • Income and its distribution . Leipzig 1896
  • On the question of the reform of Austrian company law . Chernivtsi 1899
  • Kartelle , in: Handwortbuch der Staatswissenschaften, Bd. 5, Jena 1900, 2nd edition or Jena 1910, 3rd edition.
  • Textbook of economics . Leipzig 1902, published several times
  • Economics textbook . Hirschfeld 1911
  • Public Finance Textbook . Hirschfeld 1922
  • The development of economics in Germany , Leipzig 1926

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erk Volkmar Heyen: Science and Law of Administration since the Ancien Régime. Klostermann. Frankfurt / M. 1984. ISBN 3-465-01629-7
  2. ↑ Rector's speeches (HKM)
  3. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels 91: Adelslexikon, Volume VI, Limburg an der Lahn 1987, p. 269
  4. ↑ An interesting doctorate. In:  Czernowitzer Tagblatt , July 14, 1909, p. 4 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / czt.
  5. ^ Richter, Klaus W .: The history of the impact of German antitrust law before 1914 Mohr Siebeck. Tübingen. 2007. ISBN 3-16-149232-3
  6. ↑ Article in Neue Zeit 4 (1886, 240): The foundations and goals of so-called scientific socialism . Innsbruck. 1885
personal data
SURNAME Kleinwächter, Friedrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian economist
DATE OF BIRTH February 25, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Prague
DATE OF DEATH December 12, 1927
Place of death Chernivtsi