Fritz Lickint

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Fritz Balduin Lickint (born October 1, 1898 in Leipzig , † July 7, 1960 in Heidelberg ) was a German internist and university professor and a pioneer in the field of research into the health risks of tobacco smoking . He is considered one of the most important tobacco researchers of his time.

Career

Fritz Lickint was the fifth child of senior tax inspector Paul Lickint and his wife Marie, nee Voigtmann. After attending primary school in Leipzig, he went to the König-Georg-Gymnasium in Dresden . He made his secondary school diploma in 1915 while on leave from the front. In the absence, he enrolled in 1917 at the University of Leipzig first for Jura , then began but still a medical degree . His professors included Adolf von Strümpell , Erwin Payr and Walter Stoeckel . The state exam completed Lickint 1923 and the same year he was the subject of his dissertation The leukocyte reaction to the modern stimulation therapy and physical treatment methods doctorate . He worked as an assistant doctor in the Dresden-Johannstadt City Hospital and then in the nursing home there. In 1925 Lickint went as an assistant doctor to the state sick foundation in Zwickau . Two years later he became the clinic's first assistant there.

Also in 1927 he became a member of the Association of Abstinent Doctors , the Anti-Tobacco Association , the Association of Socialist Doctors (VSÄ) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In 1929 he became senior physician in the internal department of the Küchwald Municipal Hospital in Chemnitz . He worked there until 1934, when he was a member of the SPD and as a tenured doctor from the Nazis in the retirement was transferred. Lickint then went back to Dresden and established an internal medicine practice there. In 1939 he was called up for military service as a junior doctor . He served first in a medical company in France and later in Ukraine . He fell ill with diphtheria several times , which is why he was transferred to a reserve hospital in Chemnitz after his third infection. There it worked as an internist and radiologist until the end of the war . His house and practice were destroyed during the air raids on Dresden in February 1945.

After the war ended in 1945, Lickint became the head doctor of the Weißer Hirsch city ​​hospital in Dresden. Three years later he was the head doctor in the internal department of the Dresden Hospital, which at that time was an auxiliary hospital that belonged to the Dresden-Neustadt City Hospital. After his habilitation on the subject of saccharin and organism with Georg Wildführ , Lickint held lectures on hygiene at the Technical University of Dresden . In 1951 he was appointed professor with a teaching position for food and luxury food hygiene. From 1953 until his death he was also head of the 1st Medical Clinic of the City Hospital in Dresden-Friedrichstadt . In 1957, Lickint became chairman of the Cancer Prevention Committee . In 1960 he died in Heidelberg from an inoperable brain tumor .

Lickint was involved in the anti-tobacco campaign initiated by the National Socialists, but was never a member of the NSDAP . He lost his position as a civil servant in 1934 because he denied his membership in the now defunct VSÄ in a questionnaire. In 1940 Lickint got into first difficulties because Karl Astel, as rector of the University of Jena, found out during the examination of the employees at the Jena Scientific Institute for Research on Tobacco Dangers that Lickint was a member of the SPD, the VSÄ and the League for Human Rights before the seizure of power . However, he was sponsored by the Reich Health Leader Leonardo Conti because of his research .

Scientific contributions

Lickint devoted a large part of his scientific work to the health effects of tobacco smoking. In addition to research in this area, he was also involved in educating the population about the dangers of tobacco consumption. In 1925 Lickint published an article on the influence of tobacco on the stomach . A year later he lamented the methods of the tobacco industry, which also advertised its products in sports circles. Lickint was one of the first physicians to recognize the connection between tobacco consumption and bronchial carcinoma , which he published in a 1929 review article (Tobacco and tobacco smoke as an etiological factor in carcinoma) . He became even clearer in his article The bronchial cancer of smokers from 1935. In it he expresses himself as follows, for example:

"..That m. E. There can no longer be any doubt that tobacco smoke is also of considerable importance for the development of bronchial cancer in general and the noticeable increase in this disease in males in particular .. "

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He also warned urgently about the consequences of passive smoking - Lickint was the first to coin this term, as was Rauchstrasse .

In 1939 Lickint published his most important work with the monograph Tobacco and Organism . It is still ranked as the most comprehensive scientific indictment against smoking today. On over 1200 pages, Lickint deals, among other things, with tobacco-associated diseases, medical-historical questions and other problems caused by tobacco, as well as ways of smoking cessation. He described nicotine-dependent people as "nicotinists", which he defined as follows:

"For me, a nicotinist is just a person who has become psychologically and physically dependent on nicotine, so that he cannot stop tobacco without side effects or not at all."

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In 1953 Lickint published a second book: Etiology and Prophylaxis of Lung Cancer. He dedicated it:

"... the 100,000 to 200,000 Germans who, at the prime of their lives, will fall victim to lung cancer in the next ten years if we doctors do nothing."

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In this work he attributed the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke to tobacco tar and the hydrocarbons it contains .

Because of his anti-tobacco publications, Lickint was the "most ardently hated doctor" of the industry.

Honors

Fritz Lickint received no honors during his lifetime. Since 2010, the German Society for Nicotine and Tobacco Research has awarded the Fritz Lickint Medal “for outstanding achievements and noteworthy professional and socio-political activities by people who are tirelessly committed to smoking and health, nonsmoker protection, nicotine and tobacco research, tobacco control and prevention " forgive.

literature

  • S. Benusch: Life and scientific work of the Dresden internist Prof. Dr. Fritz Lickint (1898–1960) with special consideration of his contribution to the elucidation of the etiology of bronchial carcinoma. Dissertation, Medical Faculty of the TU Dresden, 1999.
  • S. Benusch: In memory of Fritz Lickint (1898–1960). In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen ISSN  0938-8478 , Volume 10, Number 6, 1999, pp. 275-277.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ D. Briesen: The healthy life: nutrition and health since the 18th century. Campus Verlag, 2010, ISBN 3-593-39154-6 , p. 112f. limited preview in Google Book search
  2. ↑ a b c d e K. O. Haustein: A life as an educator about the dangers of tobacco. In: Suchtmed Volume 6, Number 3, 2004, pp. 249-255.
  3. ↑ a b O. High nobility: The lungs of the "chosen people" are clean. In: the Friday of March 22nd, 2002
  4. ^ A b c d Blitzkrieg against Cancer: Health and Propaganda in the Third Reich. Verlag Klett-Cotta, 2002, ISBN 3-608-91031-X , pp. 210f. limited preview in Google Book search
  5. ↑ F. Lickint: About the influence of tobacco on the stomach In: Archives for Digestive Diseases Volume 35, 1925, pp. 230-247. doi : 10.1159 / 000193904
  6. ^ F. Lickint: Tobacco and physical exercises. Publishing house of the Federation of German Tobacco Opponents eV, Dresden, 1926
  7. ^ F. Lickint: Tobacco and tobacco smoke as an etiological factor of carcinoma. In: Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung 30, 1929, pp. 349-365.
  8. ^ RN Proctor : Commentary: Schairer and Schöniger's forgotten tobacco epidemiology and the Nazi quest for racial purity. In: International journal of epidemiology Volume 30, Number 1, February 2001, pp. 31-34, ISSN  0300-5771 . PMID 11171846 .
  9. ^ A b F. Lickint: The bronchial cancer of smokers. In: Münch med Wschr Volume 82, 1935, pp. 1232-1235.
  10. ^ G. Davey Smith, M. Egger: The first reports on smoking and lung cancer: why are they consistently ignored? In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization Volume 83, Number 10, October 2005, pp. 799-800, ISSN  0042-9686 . PMID 16283059 . PMC 2626411 (free full text).
  11. ^ A b W. U. Eckart: 100 years of organized cancer research. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-131-05661-4 , p.  Limited preview in the Google book search
  12. ↑ a b F. Lickint: Tobacco and Organism. Hippokrates-Verlag Marquardt & Cie, Stuttgart, 1939
  13. ^ A b F. Lickint: Etiology and prophylaxis of lung cancer. Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden / Leipzig, 1953.
  14. ↑ dgntf.de: Fritz Lickint medal. Retrieved February 4, 2017
personal data
SURNAME Lickint, Fritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lickint, Fritz Balduin (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German internist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1960
Place of death Heidelberg