Garden cossacks

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“LAST 'COSSACK' SEAT ON THE WILLOW No. 1 ”in the“ outer city area ”(in today's Südstadt district )
lithograph as postcard , sent in 1898

The historical concept Garden Cossacks had the citizens of the city of Hannover coined. In the vernacular so that citizens or were settlers without civil rights referred to in the village free areas outside the city walls of Hanover , in particular against the stone gate and in front of the Aegidientor , small gardens cultivated or there permanently lived.

history

This Hanover city map from 1835 shows above parts of the former Steintor -, on the right the former Aegidientor garden community and on the left the Glocksee
Men, women and - many - children of the garden cossacks in 1900 in the street Auf dem Lärchenberge in the eastern part of Hanover;
Postcard No. 229 from F. Astholz jun.

Garden cossacks, i.e. smaller horticultural operators and gardeners, had existed around the then city of Hanover since the 16th century. The corruption as Cossacks was derived from the term Kotsasse , the Kötnern, as farmers with minor rights were also called. The gardeners were legally equal to them.

As "garden people" for the first time in 1664 a head tax description recorded those citizens of the old town who owned gardens in front of the stone gate. Their garden houses formed the root of what would later become the “Steintor garden community”.

At the same time, the Aegidientor garden community had formed. She had already founded a “garden school” in 1690 and laid out the garden cemetery in 1741 , which was administered by the magistrate as the “new churchyard in front of the Aegidientor” and was also open to the citizens of Hanover.

In 1793 the two garden communities in front of the Steintor and the Aegidientor were merged to form the court school administration.

The garden house in the Nordstadt district, dated around 1820, is considered the last of its kind.

One of the last remaining garden houses is the listed garden house, dated around 1820, opposite the Old Jewish Cemetery on Oberstrasse in what is now the Nordstadt district .

Likewise , Villa Rosa, built by Laves around 1830, is considered the last garden villa of its kind

In the meantime, however, more and more wealthy citizens from the old town in the late 17th and early 18th centuries had established permanent or permanent residences in the areas of the garden Cossacks, especially after the razing of most of the city fortifications. The last surviving example of such permanent garden villas is the Villa Rosa , built in 1830 by Ernst Ludwig Täntzel and Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves for Friedrich August Christian Eisendecher , Councilor and Head of the General Tax Office of the Kingdom of Hanover .

Gradually, the buildings in and around Hanover had become so densely populated that 14 surrounding towns were combined to form the suburb of Hanover in 1829 and were finally incorporated into the city in 1859 .

At the end of the 19th century, the artist “H. Otto ”the last“ Cossack seat ”in the area of ​​today's Südstadt district was recorded in drawings: The lithograph of the half-timbered farmhouse at the time at An der Weide 1 even served as a specially produced postcard as a“ Greetings from Hanover ”and the Otto Pilzecker publishing house as a welcome source of income .

literature

  • Helmut Jacob: The southern city in Hanover. A contribution to the history and development of a district from the point of view of someone from the south of town . H. Jacob, Wennigsen 1993.
  • Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer : Not just citizens - Who lived in the royal seat of Hanover in the 17th century? In: Hans-Dieter Schmid (Ed.): Hanover - on the edge of the city. (Hannoversche Writings on Regional and Local History, Vol. 5). Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 1992, ISBN 3-927085-44-8 , pp. 37-65.
  • Andreas Fahl: The garden communities - business operations or rural idyll? In: Ulrike Weiß et al. (Red.): Goethe's Lotte: a woman's life around 1800. Essays on the exhibition. (...) Historisches Museum Hannover, August 28, 2003 to November 30, 2003. Historisches Museum, Hannover 2003, ISBN 3-422-06443-5 , pp. 70–83.
  • Klaus Mlynek : Garden Cossacks. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 203.

Web links

Commons : Gartenkosaken (Hannover)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Klaus Mlynek: Gartenkosaken (see literature).
  2. ↑ a b c Klaus Mlynek: Nordstadt. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 482f.
  3. ↑ Gerd Weiß, Marianne ten pfennig : Aegidien-Neustadt and -vorstadt. In: Hans-Herbert Möller (ed.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, city of Hanover. Part 1, Vol. 10.1, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - Publications of the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , pp. 65f.
  4. ↑ Peter Schulze : garden cemetery. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 202f.
  5. ↑ Gerd white: The garden communities of the north city. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany ... City of Hanover. Part 1, p. 100.
  6. ^ A b Klaus Mlynek: Suburb of Hanover. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 649f.
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Voigt: Hanover, Eisendecker garden house, "Villa Rosa", Glockseestrasse 1, 1830. In: Günther Kokkelink , Harold Hammer-Schenk (ed.): Laves and Hanover. Lower Saxony architecture in the 19th century. Edition libri artis, Rev. Neuaufl., Hannover 1989, ISBN 3-88746-236-X , pp. 484-486.
  8. ↑ Compare for example this postcard used in 1898.