Mountain buttercup

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Mountain buttercup
Ranunculus oreophilus a1.jpg

Mountain buttercup ( Ranunculus breyninus )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Ranunculeae
Genre : Buttercup ( Ranunculus )
Type : Mountain buttercup
Scientific name
Ranunculus breyninus
Crantz

The mountain buttercup ( Ranunculus breyninus ), also called foreland mountain buttercup and in Austria also called rax buttercup, is a species of buttercup ( Ranunculus ).

description

The mountain buttercup grows as a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights between mostly 5 and 15, rarely up to 50 centimeters. The upper part of the thin, cylindrical rhizome has dense tufts of hair; the roots are thin. The stem is erect, mostly unbranched.

Flower with many stamens
Habit, leaves and flowers

The leaves are arranged both basal and distributed on the stem. The basal leaves have a three-part leaf blade almost to the base , which is initially folded and bent downwards; it is dull, closely covered with hair and has a sharply pointed, serrated leaf margin. The seated, relatively small stem leaves are hairy and divided up to the base into three to five narrow, linear, pointed-like, no more than 2 cm long sections.

The flowering period extends from May to July. The round flower stalks are hairy close-fitting. The one to five flowers have a diameter of 12 to 25 millimeters. The flower base is densely hairy everywhere. The petal-like nectar leaves are yellow and 8 to 15 millimeters long. The attachment points of the stamens are hairy.

Each collective fruit contains 35 to 70 nuts that have a short, pressed fruit beak.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Occurrence

The mountain buttercup is a central and southern European mountain plant . Its occurrence includes the Caucasus , Crimea , Transylvania , the Carpathian Mountains , Bosnia , Istria , the Alps including the Alpine foothills , the Jura , the Apennines , Corsica and the Pyrenees .

The mountain buttercup grows in the alpine and subalpine altitudes in sunny stone lawn and stone rubble societies on mostly calcareous stone rubble soils. It is a characteristic species of the Thlaspion rotundifolii association in the Alps , but thrives in lower elevations in Seslerio-Mesobromion communities , and more rarely in light deciduous forests . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at the summit of the Kreuzeck in Bavaria up to 2370 m above sea level.

Danger

The mountain buttercup is endangered in Baden-Württemberg due to the intensification of agriculture and forestry. M. Nebel (1993) reports: Since no effort is spared to use all means to wrest these last light and partly completely tree-free areas, on which until now glacial relics ... have been able to hold, what is definitely minimal benefit, protection considerations and Efforts to capture stocks that have previously appeared to be safe .

Taxonomy

The first publication of Ranunculus breyninus was made in 1763 by Heinrich Johann Nepomuk of Crantz in Stirpium Austriarum fasciculus II , 2nd edition, p 91. Ranunculus breyninus was first described by Heinrich Johann Nepomuk of Crantz the village of Prein found in the Raxalpe in Austria and after this village named, but written in the first publication "Breyn". Synonyms for Ranunculus breyninus Crantz are: Ranunculus oreophilus M.Bieb. , Ranunculus hornschuchii Hoppe , Ranunculus montanus subsp. hornschuchii (Hoppe) Hegi , Ranunculus polyanthemos subsp. breyninus Crantz .

literature

  • Jürgen Damboldt, Walter Zimmermann : Ranunculaceae , In: Karl Heinz Rechinger, Jürgen Damboldt (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd, completely revised edition. Volume III. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 1 (Nymphaeaceen, Ceratophyllaceen, Magnoliaceae, Paeoniaceen, Ranunculaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1974, ISBN 3-446-10432-1 , p. 283–284 (published in 1965–1974 as Ranunculus oreophilus ).
  • Thomas Gaskell Tutin , JR Akeroyd: Ranunculus. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 275–276 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - as Ranunculus oreophilus ).
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 8. Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae. Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 , p. 135 (as Ranunculus oreophilus ).
  • Ranunculus breyninus Crantz, mountain buttercup. In: FloraWeb.de. (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  411-412 .
  3. ↑ a b Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, pages 281-282. ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 543.
  5. ↑ Ranunculus breyninus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ CA Backer: Clarifying Woordenboek of wetenschappelijke names . Batavia, Visser & Co. 1936, p. 83.

Web links

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