Yellow-brown spherical collar
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Yellow-brown spherical neck buck ( Acmaeops pratensis ) |
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| Acmaeops pratensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Laicharting , 1784) |
The Yellow-brown ball neck Bock ( Acmaeops prevention , synonym : Gnathacmaeops pratensis ) is a beetle from the family of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). The species is distributed holarctic in northern Eurasia and North America, and it is one of six species of its genus , of which four other species occur in Europe .
features
Characteristics of the adults
The yellow-brown ball collar reaches a body length of 5.5 to 10 millimeters. The body is built generically typical and has a ball-like pronotum with a strongly curved pronotum . The elytra are variable in their color and mostly yellowish-brown with a black tip and suturing of the wing cover ; however, they are often blackened to a greater or lesser extent. They are lightly haired and strongly and densely dotted; there is an oblique shoulder stripe on the upper edge. At the top they are rounded, and the outside angle is rounded or rectangular. The cheeks in front of the eyes are as long as this one.
Characteristics of the larvae
The larvae of the genus reach a length of 11 to 19 millimeters; the body and head are clearly flattened and have long hairs. The antennae are short and tripartite; the second antenna element is extremely small and unsclerotized. There are 2 or 3 small stemmata on either side of the head capsule . The maxillae are slender and the malae have a broad, obliquely pigmented band. The abdominal sclerites of the abdominal segments have no bristles and the ninth abdominal segment does not have a caudal spine at the end of the body.
distribution
The yellow-brown ball neck buck has a Holarctic distribution and is found accordingly in northern Eurasia and North America . In Eurasia it is a Siberian element of fauna and occurs in northern to central and southeastern Europe as well as in Turkey , Russia (Siberia), the Caucasus and China . In Central Europe there is an extinction zone that divides the distribution areas into a northern area in Scandinavia and a southern area in Central Europe. There is no evidence in Denmark , the Netherlands , Luxembourg , Liechtenstein and Belgium . In Germany and Poland there is also no current evidence; Finds in Bavaria , Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt date from before 1950, the northwestern limit of distribution is located in the Thuringian Harz Mountains . In Austria the species is known from several federal states, in Switzerland it is also common. As a boreomontane species, it occurs in Central European mountains at altitudes from about 1000 meters to about 2000 meters.
Way of life
The yellow-brown spherical neck buck lives mainly in wooded mountain areas in coniferous forests and clearcuts . The adults can be found from June to August. They are diurnal and can be found in meadows, in clearcuts and clearings on wood and flowering herbs. The beetles feed on pollen and, when the weather is sunny, visit the flowers of umbellifers (Apiaceae) such as meadow chervil ( Anthriscus sylvestris ) and wild carrot ( Daucus carota ) as well as daisy family (Asteraceaea) such as yarrow ( Achillea ), thistles ( Carduus ) and thistles ( Cirsium ) and scabiosis ( Scabiosa ).
The species is oligophagous and develops in spruce ( Picea ) and pine ( Pinus ) as well as in non-debarked and processed spruce wood. The larvae take two years to grow. The larvae develop in the heavily dried out wood below the bark and use the tunnels of other wood-dwelling beetles such as those of the common eyelid ( Pogonocherus fasciculatus ); They do not create their own courses. Often they are found in the bark of boards or stakes that have not been debarked. The larvae are very mobile and, in addition to their long legs, also use the last abdominal segment to climb on smooth surfaces and to hold on. To pupate , they leave the wood and dig into the upper humus layers of the soil. Pupation takes only 8 to 13 days; the hatching adults are colored within 20 hours.
Systematics
The yellow-brown ball-necked buck is a separate species of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) and is classified there in the genus of the ball-necked buck ( Acmaeops LeConte , 1850 ) within the narrow-headed beetles (Lepturinae). The first scientific description comes from the entomologist Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting , who described it as Leptura pratensis in 1784 . In addition to this species, the genus contains five other species. In addition to Leptura pratensis , synonyms of the species are Gnathacmaeops pratensis , Pachyta fulvipennis Mannerheim, 1853 , Leptura lateralis Estlund, 1796 , Leptura longiceps Kirby, 1837 , Acmaeops longiceps (Kirby, 1837) , Leptura semi-marginata Randall, 18imar38 , Leptura semimarginata Randall, 183838 , Pachyta strigilata var.spreta Lentz, 1857 and Leptura strigilata Fabricius, 1792 .
The name for the genus is derived from the Greek " akmaios " for "blooming" or "strong" and from " ops " for "eye". The epithet “ pratensis ” comes from Latin and means “living in the meadow”.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Species: Acmaeops pratensis (Laicharting, 1784) - yellow-brown spherical neck buck." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 377-378.
- ↑ "14. Genus: Acmaeops Lec. “In: Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica. The beetles of the German Empire. KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1912; P. 10. ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 1, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 105-107
- ^ DB McCorquodale: Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone. In: DF McAlpine, IM Smith (Ed.): Assessment of Species Diversity in the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, 2010; Pp. 465-476 (citation p. 471). ( Full text ).
- ↑ Acmaeops pratensis. Fauna Europaea, accessed June 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Acmaeops pratensis on biolib.cz; accessed on June 23, 2020.
literature
- "Species: Acmaeops pratensis (Laicharting, 1784) - yellow-brown spherical neck buck." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 377-378.
