Gemeindeberg (Vienna)
| Gemeindeberg | ||
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 View from the Gemeindeberg over the Ober St. Veiter cemetery |
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| height | 321 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Vienna , Austria | |
| Mountains | Vienna Woods | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 10 '43 " N , 16 ° 15' 38" E | |
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The Gemeindeberg is a 321 m high mountain in the 13th district of Hietzing in Vienna .
Geography and geology
The mountain is located in the Ober St. Veit district and near the Lainzer zoo . Its top is unobstructed and wooded. The Ober St. Veiter cemetery extends on its southern and eastern slopes . The census district Gemeindeberg-Jagdschlossgasse of the official statistics has been named after the mountain since 1961 , which in 2011 had around 4200 inhabitants.
On Gemeindeberg there are remains of a Pannonian influenced vegetation with chalk grasslands , oaks , Dirndl shrubs and warts-spindle bushes .
Geologically, the base of the flysch zone (tectonically belongs to the North Penninic ) can be found on the municipality mountain , which is called the " St. Veiter cliff zone " here . These are sediments of the Mesozoic Era (Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous ). Since the overlying flysch rocks severely crushed the cliff zone as they advanced north, the original sequence of layers ( stratigraphy ) is difficult to reconstruct. Various indicators (comparison with rocks occurring elsewhere, fossils ) suggest the following sequence (from old to young):
- Upper Triassic ( Rhät ):
- Coarse-grained reddish quartz - sandstone ( Keuper (eg.) Red Mountain , west of the community pinnacle at cliff and between Hanschweg and Faniteum )
- Kössen formation (colored fossil-bearing limestones , along the Gemeindeberggasse)
- Lower Jura ( Lias ): sandy gray limestone ( Gresten Formation - summit and northeast slope of the municipality mountain )
- Upper Jura ( Malm ): red and green sharp-edged breaking siliceous limestone and radiolarite (Rotenberg formation, especially along the Hanschweg), white limestone (older aptych limestone )
- lower chalk : white limestone (younger aptych limestone )
The rocks of the Rhät are the oldest rocks in the entire flysch zone on the Roten Berg and the Gemeindeberg .
history
In the Neolithic Age, there was a settlement on the municipality mountain that was discovered at the end of the 19th century. Here - as on the Antonshöhe further south - the above-mentioned radiolarite was mined, as was proven in 2018.
From 1746 to 1782 there was a hermitage on the mountain. After its dissolution and multiple changes of ownership, the Zur Einsiedelei excursion restaurant was operated here from 1830 until the Franciscan nuns took over the area (St.Josefsheim) in 1919 . The historic buildings were demolished in 2017 to create a modern nursing home.
The Ober St. Veiter cemetery was opened as early as 1878.
The last vineyard on the municipality mountain was given up in 1925. At the Gemeindeberggasse 10–24, a municipal residential complex was built from 1956 to 1958 according to plans by Rudolf Scherer and Josef Wenzel .
literature
- Felix Czeike (Ed.): Gemeindeberg. In: Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 2, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-218-00544-2 , p. 490 ( digitized version ).
- Ludwig Hans Fischer: A Neolithic settlement in Vienna (Ober-St. Veit), Gemeindeberg . In: Communications from the Anthropological Society in Vienna . tape 28 , no. 3 , 1898, p. 108-126 .
- Egbert Wilhelm Ritter von Hochstetter: The cliff of St. Veit near Vienna . In: Yearbook of the Imperial Geological Institute . tape 47 , no. 1 , 1897, p. 96–156 ( opac.geologie.ac.at [PDF]).
- Martin Penz: The importance of the community mountain in Vienna 13, Ober St. Veit as a Neolithic settlement . In: Location Vienna. Reports on archeology . No. 10 , 2007, p. 194-197 .
Web links
- The first village on the municipality mountain. In: 1133.at. 19th July 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Felix Czeike (Ed.): Gemeindeberg. In: Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 2, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-218-00544-2 , p. 490 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Historical local dictionary. Statistical documentation on population and settlement history: Vienna. Database: August 31, 2016. (PDF) Austrian Academy of Sciences, p. 20 , accessed on November 21, 2019 .
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Mazzucco: Pannonian biotopes in the area of Vienna and their peculiarities . In: Roland Berger, Friedrich Ehrendorfer (Ed.): Ecosystem Vienna. The natural history of a city . Böhlau, Vienna 2011, ISBN 3-205-77420-5 , p. 441 .
- ^ The first village on the municipality mountain. In: 1133.at. July 19, 2018, accessed December 18, 2019 .
- ↑ Felix Czeike (Ed.): Hermitage. In: Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 2, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-218-00544-2 , p. 144 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Ober St. Veit: New nursing home instead of a monastery. In: bz Wiener Bezirkszeitung, August 8, 2017, accessed on December 20, 2019.
- ↑ Gemeindeberggasse 10–24. Wiener Wohnen, accessed on December 18, 2019 .