Common bluegrass

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Common bluegrass
Common bluegrass (Poa trivialis)

Common bluegrass ( Poa trivialis )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Bluegrass ( Poa )
Type : Common bluegrass
Scientific name
Poa trivialis
L.

The common panicle grass ( Poa trivialis ), also common panicle grass , in Austria called common panicle , is a plant species from the genus of the panicle grass ( Poa ). The natural range extends from Western Europe to Japan. In Africa, America and Australia it is a neophyte . It is sometimes used to create lawns as it thrives in damp and shady locations. In agricultural grassland , its usefulness and fodder value is controversial and depends on the details of management.

description

Ligule (ligula)
Illustration: Right: common bluegrass ( Poa trivialis ); Left: Annual bluegrass ( Poa annua )
inflorescence

Appearance and leaf

The common bluegrass grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 80 centimeters, rarely up to 100 centimeters. It forms grass to yellow-green, loose clumps . Outside the lowest leaf sheaths grow long, above-ground, leafy creeping shoots that take root on the buds. The stalks are mostly prostrate at the base and kneeling ascending, have three to five nodes and petiolate internodes . They are usually rough under the panicle and die early after the panicle has ripened.

The alternate leaves arranged on the stalks are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The leaf sheaths are rough, keeled and usually somewhat compressed. The ligule of the stalk leaves is a membranous border, 5 to 10 millimeters long and tapering to a point. The leaf sheaths of these renewal shoots are almost closed up to the top and provided with a deep longitudinal furrow. The corresponding ligule is about 4 millimeters long. The flat-spreading leaf blades are 5 to 20 centimeters long and 2 to 5 millimeters wide. They are suddenly pointed at the top, hood-shaped and quite thin. The underside of the leaf is smooth, glabrous and shiny, and the upper side is often rough.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from June to July. The spikelets are arranged in dense panicles that are 10 to 25 inches long and spread out or contracted. From the main axis three to seven, rarely up to eleven side branches go off. The 3 to 4 millimeter long spikelets are two- to four-flowered and green, but often tinged with brown or purple. The glumes are glabrous, membranous, rough on the keel and provided with whitish margins. The lower glume is one-nerved, 2 to 3 millimeters long, pointed and lanceolate when viewed from the side. The upper glume is three-veined, 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters long, acuminate and broadly lanceolate. The lemmas are five-nerved, 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters long, long ovate and pointed. The lemmas are membranous, have whitish edges and the lower half of the keel is hairy short. The florets are covered with long woolly hairs at the base. The palea are two-veined, 2.2 to 3.3 millimeters long and lanceolate. The keels are covered with very short, pointed bristle hairs. The anthers are 1.5 to 2 millimeters long.

The caryopsis is 1.3 to 1.6 millimeters in size.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14 or 28.

ecology

The vegetative reproduction takes place by the rooting of prostrate stalks. The husks of common bluegrass are equipped with sticky villi and spread out as Velcro fruits .

Occurrence

The natural range of common bluegrass extends over the temperate zones of Eurasia to Macaronesia and North Africa. It was spread by humans in North and South America, Australia and New Zealand .

Common bluegrass grows from the plain to the subalpine level . There it thrives in moist meadows, in gardens, as weeds in clover and lucerne fields, along rivers, forests and roadsides and in ditches. It prefers soaked to wet, nutrient-rich, mild to slightly acidic loam and clay soils . It can withstand long overflows, but not soils that often dry out. It often occurs in humid societies of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, but also in those of the Agropyro-Rumicion association or the Galio-Urticenea sub-association.

Systematics

The common bluegrass is a species from the genus of bluegrass ( Poa ).

Some authors differentiate between two subspecies:

  • Poa trivialis subsp. trivialis
  • Poa trivialis subsp. sylvicola (cast.) H. Lindb. f. (Syn .: Poa sylvicola Guss. ), With bulging, thickened stolons

use

Common bluegrass is occasionally sown in agricultural grassland, but mostly spreads spontaneously in older stands, where it can penetrate gaps in the sward with its long crawling shoots; it is promoted by cool and damp weather. In dry years it can turn yellow and fall out early, leaving gaps in the stand. It is compatible with many cuts. In fertilized wet meadows it is one of the most common types of grass, with a high degree of steadiness, but also occurs regularly in middle (fresh) grassland. In Bavaria it is the second most common type of grass in grassland as a whole. The feed value of the species depends heavily on the management: Younger shoots are eaten by grazing cattle (hence a very high feed and utility value), but older stocks form a matted scar with a musty smell that is avoided, so that it is even considered " Weed " is assessed.

swell

literature

  • HJ Conert: Parey's book of grasses . Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 494-495 .
  • Guanghua Zhu, Liang Liu, Robert J. Soreng & Marina V. Olonova: Poa : Poa trivialis , p. 298 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006. ISBN 1-930723-50-4 (Sections Description, Systematics and Usage)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ WD Clayton, KT Harman & H. Williamson: Poa trivialis. In: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, January 28, 2008, accessed September 27, 2010 .
  2. ↑ a b c d H. J. Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch . Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 494-495 .
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 224.
  4. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  5. ↑ a b c Guanghua Zhu, Liang Liu, Robert J. Soreng & Marina V. Olonova: Poa : Poa trivialis , p. 298 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong ( Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006. ISBN 1-930723-50-4
  6. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Poa trivialis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  7. ↑ Hartmut Dierschke (1997): Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) meadows in Central Europe. Osnabrücker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen 23: 95–107.
  8. ↑ S. Heinz, F. Mayer, G. Kuhn (2013): Grünlandmonitoring Bayern. In: LfL Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft: Grünlandmonitoring Bayern - first survey of vegetation 2002–2008. Publication series 3/2011. download
  9. ↑ Gottfried Briemle, Sieglinde Nitsche, Lothar Nitsche (2002): Utilization values ​​for vascular plants of grassland. Publication series for vegetation science 38: 203–225.
  10. ↑ Martin Elsäßer (2004): Development of common panicle (Poa trivialis L.) depending on the depth of use and compaction of the soil. Working group for grassland and forage production in the Society for Crop Science eV: 48th annual conference in Ettelbrück. Papers and posters, 146–150. ISBN 2-87996-838-0

Web links

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