Georg Jayme

Georg Jayme (born April 10, 1899 in Ober-Modau , Darmstadt district , † January 1, 1979 in Darmstadt ) was a German chemist and university professor who was head of the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt for over thirty years and, due to its numerous Work on cellulose chemistry in 2011 posthumously in the Hall of Fame of the Paper Discovery Center of the paper industry in Appleton ( Wisconsin) has been recorded. In addition to teaching and research, Jayme has written over 700 articles for journals and contributions to 35 specialist books, and has filed over seventy patents .

Life

Studies, doctorate and work in Canada

Jayme completed after high school to study chemistry - Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt and placed there in 1922 his doctorate to Dr.-Ing. with a dissertation on the subject of the preparation of thioindigo derivatives of some heterocyclic amines . He then worked there for a few months as a scientific assistant to Emil Heuser and followed him to the institute of the United Glanzstoff factories in Berlin in 1923 .

1926 Jayme went along with Emil Heuser to Canada , where he head of a research group at the resident of Hawkesbury, Ontario pulp -Unternehmen Canadian International Co was. There he married his wife Hjordis Jayme, who immigrated from Norway in 1928, in 1930 . The son Erik Jayme was born from the marriage in 1934 .

Professorship and head of the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry and the Four-Year Plan Institute for Pulp and Paper Chemistry

After ten years in Canada, Jayme returned to Germany in 1936, where he accepted the position as professor and head of the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt. Here he succeeded Karl Jonas , who had already left in June 1934.

In 1938, the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry established the Four-Year Plan Institute for Pulp and Paper Chemistry, headed by Jayme. Four-year plan institutes were departments of the universities and were directly subordinate to the Reich Ministry of Education. The task of the Jayme Institute was to meet the German paper needs. In the period that followed, the four-year plan institute received substantial financial support from the state and industry, from which the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry at the TH Darmstadt also benefited. The employees of the four-year plan institute undertook to maintain absolute secrecy about their activities and the processes at the four-year plan institute. Jayme developed considerable expansion activities from 1938 and, with the support of Gauleiter Jakob Sprenger, was able to achieve that a new building was built in Alexanderstraße. The spacious new building, designed by Karl Lieser , was to cover over 16,000 cubic meters. The foundation stone was laid in 1938, but by the end of the Second World War the building could only be finished externally.

On February 10, 1939, Jayme applied for membership in the NSDAP , which was finally completed on April 1, 1940. As part of the denazification process, Jayme was initially classified as a "fellow traveler" in February 1947. Due to his objection, he was classified as “exonerated” in August 1947. Jayme was then called back to his professorship and in 1951 he was appointed to the service for life. During his 33 years of activity at the TH Darmstadt, which lasted until his retirement in 1969, he developed several new swelling agents and solvents for cellulose.

In 1947 Jayme was one of the founders of the journal Das Papier alongside Walter Brecht . In 1952 he became president of an international committee of the United Nations for raw materials for paper production.

Jayme converted cellulose through methylation to produce stronger pulps and developed the water retention test (WRV test), a new method to investigate the swelling properties of chemical pulps. He also made use of electron microscopes, and especially 3-D images, to study the fine structure and reactivity of pulps. In 1960 he developed a process for the production of fluorescent paper, especially for postage stamps .

Under his direction, the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry grew into one of the leading centers in this field worldwide. During this time, more than 140 qualified engineers and more than 130 doctoral students from all over the world have been trained in the field of cellulose chemistry and pulp and paper science.

In addition to teaching and research, Jayme has written over 700 articles for journals such as Das Papier, as well as contributions to 35 specialist books, and has applied for over seventy patents.

Awards

In 1942 the Alexander Mitscherlich Medal was awarded to the Association of Pulp and Paper Chemists and Engineers Zellcheming . He was honored with the Valentin Hottenroth Medal in 1961 and the Karl Kellner Award of the Austrian Association of Pulp and Paper Chemists and Technicians (ÖZEPA) in 1964 for his extensive services .

Jayme also became an honorary member of Zellcheming in 1966 and a Fellow Emeritus of the International Academy for Forest Management in Vienna in 1968 .

In 2011 Jayme, who was visiting professor and advisor to numerous companies and governments and a member of several professional associations in Germany, England , Canada and the USA, was posthumously inducted into the Hall of Fame of the Paper Discovery Center of the paper industry in Appleton, Wisconsin. The laudation said, among other things, that Jayme "could be considered one of the giants of the European paper industry".

Publications

Reference books

• On the representation of the thioindigo derivatives of some heterocyclic amines , dissertation TH Darmstadt, 1922
• Zellstoff 1939–1946: Collection of German Literature , Darmstadt 1953

Articles in specialist journals and book chapters (selection)

• In memoriam: Director Dr. hc Hermann . In: The paper. Vol. 1, 1947, No. 1/2: 27
• Comparison of the suitability of different annual plants as raw material for paper sulfate pulp , co-authors Klaus-Günther Hindenburg and Marianne Harders-Steinhäuser. In: The paper. Vol. 2, 1948, No. 3/4: 45-5
• From the pulp and paper industry in Australia . In: The paper. Vol. 3, 1949, No. 11/12: 201-215
• Emil Heuser on his 70th birthday . In: The paper. Vol. 6, 1952, No. 17/18: 348-355
• Farewell to Emil Heuser . In: The paper. Vol. 8, 1954, No. 3/4: 61
• Fifty-year anniversary of the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry with a wood research center at the Technical University of Darmstadt in April 1958 . In: The paper. Vol. 11, 1957, No. 1/2: 25
• Disruptive influences of starch and titanium dioxide on the determination and retention of resin acids in the process water of a paper mill , co-author Karl Reimann. In: The paper. Vol. 13, 1959
• The ability to detect the smallest differences between rayon pulps using old and new analysis methods , co-author Jürgen Weidenmüller. In: The paper. Vol. 13, 1959
• Processes when swelling and dissolving fibrous plant cells in new solvents , co-author Marianne Harders-Steinhäuser. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• Comparison of resin acid retention on the paper machine fabric in the presence of various auxiliaries , co-author Werner Demming. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• Change in the colloid chemical properties of cellulose fibers through high-frequency treatment , co-authors Horst Crönert and Walter Neuhaus. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• Influence of pre-impregnation with vapor-phase boiling on the properties of semi-pulps produced using the NSSC process , co-authors Ursula Schwartzkopff and Peder Kleppe. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• The distribution of auxiliary materials in the circuit of a paper machine when using a resin-rich glue (Hagoid) , co-author Werner Demmig. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• The retention of different starch, CMC and alginate types on the paper machine screen , co-author Werner Demming. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• The K_1tnJ method, a modified kappa number determination for pulp in over 70% yield , co-author Hans-Joachim Jerratsch. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• The influence of paper additives on the constituents of paper mill wastewater , co-author Werner Demming. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• The electron-optical spatial image of pulp and paper , co-author Günther Hunger. In: The paper. Vol. 14, 1960
• Comparative studies on the behavior of the systems copper (II) hydroxide-tartaric acid-caustic soda and iron (III) -hydroxide-tartaric acid-caustic soda towards polysaccharides , co-author Knut Kringstad In: The paper. Vol. 15, 1961
• About the use of cadoxes to determine the intrinsic viscosity (DP) and the chain length distribution of celluloses , co-author Peder Kleppe. In: The paper. Vol. 15, 1961
• About the causes of the strength fluctuations in sulfite pulps made from different poplar woods: Message from the Institute for Cellulose Chemistry with the Wood Research Center of the Technical University of Darmstadt , co-author Thomas Krause. In: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation. 89. 1961, No. 11/12
• Fractionation experiments on cellulose, dissolved in EWNN, according to the summative method , co-author Peder Kleppe. In: The paper. Volume 15, 1961, pp. 272-278
• A new process for the summative fractionation of cellulose dissolved in EWNN by fractional dissolution after precipitation with sodium hydroxide solution , co-authors Peder Kleppe and Alois Künschner. In: The macromolecular chemistry. Vol. 48, 1961, pp. 144-159
• Observations on ultra-thin sections of spruce wood: Contribution to the knowledge of the fine structure of early wood tracheids , co-author Dietrich Fengel, Holz als Roh- u. Material. Vol. 19, 1961, pp. 50-55
• Examination of the paper of eight different old Na-khi manuscripts for raw material and manufacturing method , co-author Marianne Harders-Steinhäuser. In: JF Rock: The life and culture of the Nakhi tribe of the China Tibet borderland , Wiesbaden, 1963, pp. 54–70
• Primitive wood pulp extraction in Nepal , co-author Marianne Harders-Steinhäuser. In: Papiergeschichte, Vol. 15, 1965, No. 1/2: 1–6
• About a new method for determining the chain length distribution of celluloses in EWNN mod (NaCl) , co-author Gamal El-Kodsi. In: Das Papier, Volume 24, 1970, pp. 125-129
• Paper cross-sections for light microscopic examinations with the help of a rapid embedding method , co-authors Marianne Harders-Steinhäuser and Nils-Olaf Bergh. In: Das Papier, Volume 24, 1970
• Influence of the temperature and the state of order of the cellulose on its mercerizability: measured according to the WRV method , co-author Edmonde Roffael. In: Das Papier, Volume 24, 1970
• The application of the WRV value to record structural changes in cellulose , co-author Edmonde Roffael. In: Das Papier, Volume 24, 1970
• The influence of mercerization on the solubility of celluloses in cadoxene , co-author Karl Ketil Hasvold. In: Das Papier, Volume 24, 1970
• Report on the activities of the working group for the determination of the viscosity of cellulose -containing substances in the Zellcheming Association from 1964 to 1969 , co-author Gamal El-Kodsi. In: Das Papier, Volume 24, 1970, pp. 410-414, 501-509
• Sixty years of cellulose chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt: 1908–1968 . In: Das Papier, Vol. 32, 1978, pp. 402-410

literature

• Franz Gustav Kollmann : In memoriam Prof. Georg Jayme . In: Wood as Raw and Material, 1979, Volume 37, Issue 5, p. 204, doi: 10.1007 / BF02626538 .
• Melanie Hanel: Normality under exceptional conditions. The TH Darmstadt under National Socialism , dissertation, Darmstadt 2014.
• Isabel Schmidt: The TH Darmstadt in the post-war period (1945–1960) , dissertation, Darmstadt 2014.

Web links

• Literature by and about Georg Jayme in the catalog of the German National Library
• Short biography ( Paper Industry Hall of Fame )
• International Bibliography on the History of Paper (IBP) , 2003, ISBN 3-11-096678-6 , p. 2 ff.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Georg Jayme inducted into the Hall of Fame of the paper industry (notification from TU Darmstadt dated December 8, 2011)