Georgi Tichonowitsch Krutikow

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Georgi Tichonowitsch Krutikov ( Russian Георгий Тихонович Крутиков ; born April 4 . Jul / 16th April  1899 greg. In Voronezh , † 3. March 1958 in Moscow ) was a Russian architect .

Life

In 1908, Krutikow, the son of a secondary school religion teacher, passed the entrance exam for the 1st class of the 1st Voronezh boys' grammar school. He participated in the handwritten school magazines Die Welt and In alle Welt as an artist and as an author of essays also on aviation. In 1917 he graduated from high school with a silver medal. He then worked as a nurse in the Voronezh health department, as a telephone operator for the communications troops of the southern front in Voronezh and finally as secretary of the art department of the municipal office for popular education. From 1919 he set up and managed art workshops on behalf of the Russian People's Commissariat for Education in Voronezh. At the same time he headed a sub-department of the Government Office for Popular Education.

In 1922 Krutikov was sent to Moscow to continue his education. He was accepted into the WChUTEMAS and studied architecture with Nikolai Ladowski . He was chairman of the architects 'group in the Union of Construction Workers' Union. While still a student he was involved in the construction of the International Red stadium at the Moscow Lenin Hills (under the direction of Nikolai Podwoiski with Ladovski as the main architect) and at the Central Culture and Recreation Park and the typographic exhibition in 1927. He worked in the Laboratory of industrial psychology with , which was founded in 1927 on Ladowski's initiative. In 1928 he designed the Lenin Angle and the central exhibition Structure of the USSR in the Soviet pavilion of the International Printing Exhibition in Cologne . He was also interested in airship construction , was in correspondence with Konstantin Ziolkowski and tried to build an airship cabin. He also participated in the activities of the ASNOWA group and Ladowski's Association of Architects and Urbanists (ARU) .

In 1928 Krutikow completed his studies at the WChUTEIN (formerly WChUTEMAS) after successfully defending his diploma thesis project The City of the Future (development of architectural principles in urban planning and organization of housing) . His project The City of the Future received high recognition from Dean I. W. Rylski . In this project Krutikow developed his futuristic concept of the flying city , in which work, relaxation and traffic took place on the ground and the residential quarters floated in the clouds above the city. His concept thus corresponded to Tatlin's machines and Chlebnikov's urban plants. Krutikov's project was presented at the Moscow- Paris exhibition with architecture projects from 1900 to 1930.

From 1928 to 1931 Krutikow worked as an architect, urban planner and scientist in various offices. In 1931 he became scientific secretary of the architectural office for theater construction of the People's Commissariat for Education. In 1933 he joined the Moscow City Soviet architecture bureau No. 3 under the direction of IA Fomin . Among other things, schools and the aboveground and underground halls of the Park Kultury metro station (Sokolnitscheskaya line) were planned .

After an apprenticeship at the Architecture Academy in 1939, Krutikow was appointed senior assistant to the commission for the investigation, protection and restoration of architectural monuments. At the beginning of the German-Soviet War he worked on defense problems in Moscow and attended lectures at the Academy of Military Engineering . When the academy was evacuated to Frunze , Krutikow completed a pioneer training there . After his discharge from the army in 1943, he worked in the Moscow City Planning Office and became head of the Department for Safeguarding Moscow Architectural Monuments. In 1947 he became an adjunct senior assistant at the Institute for Art History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR) and in 1949 a member of the Scientific Council for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Presidium of the AN-SSSR.

reception

At the VI Mostra Internazionale di Architettura 1996 in Venice with the topic Sensori del futuro. L'architetto come sismografo under the direction of Hans Hollein was presented to Krutikov's Flying City in the Russian Utopia Pavilion .

Fonts (selection)

Contributions to school newspapers

  • Aeronautics (An Historical Report) . In: All over the World . No. 1 . Handwritten school newspaper, 1911, p. 12-15 . (Originally in Russian). Reprinted in: Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov: Georgii Krutikov. The Flying City and Beyond . Tenov, Barcelona 2015, ISBN 978-84-939231-8-1 , pp. 21-22 (English).
  • The Adventures of a Chimpanzee . In: The World . No. 1 . Handwritten school newspaper, January 1912, p. 38-40 . (Comic, originally in Russian).

Article on architecture

  • Circular or semi-circular housing . In: Stroitel'naya promyshlennost ' . No. 9 , 1927, pp. 617-618 . (Originally in Russian). Reprinted in parts in: Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov: Georgii Krutikov. The Flying City and Beyond . Tenov, Barcelona 2015, ISBN 978-84-939231-8-1 , pp. 21-22 (English).
  • Arkhitekturnaya nauchno-issledovatel'skaya laboratoriya . In: Stroitel'naya promyshlennost ' . No. 5 , 1928, pp. 372 f . Reprinted in parts in: Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov: Georgii Krutikov. The Flying City and Beyond . Tenov, Barcelona 2015, ISBN 978-84-939231-8-1 , pp. 37, 40 (English).

literature

  • Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov: Georgii Krutikov. The Flying City and Beyond . Tenov, Barcelona 2015, ISBN 978-84-939231-8-1 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ И. В. Голубева: Архитектор Георгий Тихонович Крутиков . Ялта 2000.
  2. ↑ С. О. Хан-Магомедов: Психокинетическая лаборатория ВХУТЕИНа . In: Техническая эстетика . tape 169 , no. 1 , 1978.
  3. ^ The Charnel House: Georgii Krutikov, The Flying City (VKhUTEMAS diploma project, 1928) (accessed October 27, 2016).
  4. ^ Andrés Duran: La ville volante de Georgii Krutikov (accessed October 28, 2016).
  5. ↑ С. О. Хан-Магомедов: Проект летающего города . In: Декоративное искусство СССР . tape 182 , no. 1 , 1973, p. 30-36 .
  6. ↑ Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov: Georgii Krutikov - The Flying City and Beyond . University of Chicago Press, 2015 ( uchicago.edu ).
  7. ↑ В. Хазанова, О. Швидковский: Москва - Париж, 1900–1930, Русская и советская архитектура. 1900-1930 . Советский художник, Moscow 1981.
personal data
SURNAME Krutikow, Georgi Tichonowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Крутиков, Георгий Тихонович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Voronezh
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1958
Place of death Moscow