Gerhard Isenberg

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Gerhard Isenberg (born June 11, 1902 in Ulm ; † July 25, 1982 in Bonn ) was a German economist (specializing in statistics and agriculture ), at the same time he worked as a spatial and regional planner. Isenberg made numerous contributions (books, articles, statements, reports) for the National Socialist spatial planning and for the Federal Republic's spatial planning policy . He is regarded as "a central figure in German spatial planning". Isenberg worked for more than forty years in the academic and academic field as well as in the political and administrative field of various ministries and bureaucracies.

origin

The native Swabian came from a family of teachers. His father Carl Isenberg (1869–1937), who worked as a high school professor in Ellwangen and Ludwigsburg, was born in Hyderabad and was the son of the missionary Charles Isenberg (1840–1870) and Maria Gundert . Thus, Gerhard Isenberg's father was a half-brother of Hermann Hesse . Gerhard Isenberg was also related to the East Asian scholar Wilhelm Gundert through his great-grandfather Hermann Gundert . Gerhard Isenberg's mother Elise Berg (1874–1950) was a great-granddaughter of the Württemberg court councilor Ferdinand von Pistorius , whose wife Emilie (1776–1816) came from the Feuerlein family. Gerhard Isenberg had an older brother Carl Isenberg (1901–1945) and a younger sister Marie (1901–1945).

Activities in the Weimar Republic

After graduating from high school, he began "training and employment in the book trade and banking" (1920-1924).

Isenberg then studied economics at the TH Stuttgart , at the universities of Berlin and Tübingen . In 1930 Isenberg received his doctorate in political science in Tübingen with a study of differences in international wage and price levels. Hans Kistenmacher, who together with Isenberg wrote expert reports for the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Economics at the beginning of the 1960s, pointed out that Gerhard Isenberg was a research assistant at the political science seminar at the University of Tübingen and at the seminar for social policy at the TH Dresden from 1928 to 1933 . At that time, Isenberg was already studying these subjects “in close connection with urban planning and settlement”: “During this time, as part of research into structural unemployment in Saxony, he began to focus on spatial issues that could not be left behind.” First publications on Settlement Policy appeared.

Activities from 1933 to 1939

From 1934 Gerhard Isenberg took up a position as a scientific clerk at the Reich Office for Peasant Settlement Planning. The national economist and agricultural scientist Max Sering is said to have acted as mediator. After Uwe Mai, Gerhard Isenberg worked on the far-reaching agricultural structure planning of the Reich Ministry for Food and Agriculture during this time . According to Isenberg, only the agricultural scientist Heinrich Niehaus , the architect Peter Koller and Gerhard Isenberg worked in this small imperial office under the direction of Carl Christoph Lörcher .

With the founding of the National Socialist, leader-direct and much larger Reichsstelle für Raumordnung (RfR, Berlin) in the summer of 1935, Isenberg moved there and became "Advisor for Statistics and Planning Basics" (Head of Section V Statistics in the Planning Department under Building Director Karl Köster). He held this position at the RfR until the end of the war.

Isenberg in the Nazi settlement planning during the war

The RfR was also involved in the Nazi settlement planning for the " integrated eastern areas ". In Isenberg's contribution "The carrying capacity of the German East in terms of agricultural and commercial populations", he not only addressed aspects of the future professional composition of the (German) population to be settled there, but also mentioned the previously "Poles residing there" who the German Reich "temporarily im Generalgouvernement seeks to accommodate. ”Isenberg was a member of the working group“ Central Places ”of the Reich Working Group for Spatial Research (RAG). From 1940 to 1944 Isenberg was also a lecturer at the University of Berlin. In 1944, Isenberg was still working on the Reich relocation plans for the Reich Office for Spatial Planning.

During these years there was also a closer exchange between Isenberg and the economist and social scientist August Lösch (see references to Lösch's diary entries under Lemma Hermann Muhs , RfR). Decades later, Isenberg was to receive the Heidenheim City Prize named after Lösch (see below).

Isenberg's post-war career

After 1945 Gerhard Isenberg was one of a number of experts who advocated the continuation of spatial research / spatial planning policy (alongside Kurt Brüning , Bruno Kuske , Hermann Roloff , Frank Glatzel and others). Isenberg also shaped the history of National Socialist spatial planning up to the 1970s.

At the end of the war, Isenberg ended up in an American internment camp for a year, but from 1946 (until 1950) he was again active as a scientific consultant in the regional planning department of the Ministry of the Interior in Württemberg-Hohenzollern . In the denazification proceedings directed against him ( judging chamber proceedings ), because Isenberg was classified as “incriminated”, the judging chamber Leonberg evaluated the statements of numerous exonerating witnesses (who were also active in spatial planning in the Nazi state) in Isenberg's favor. "He only took part in National Socialism 'nominally', supported it 'only insignificantly' and was not a beneficiary of the Third Reich. Isenberg also appealed against the following classification as a follower and was finally exonerated in 1948".

The population report (1950) of the Institute for Spatial Research based on the method of (agrarian) “carrying capacity” was based on Isenberg's preliminary work. If the method that Isenberg had developed was quickly considered scientifically obsolete, the statements in the report had real effects on politics. Isenberg's “load-bearing capacity calculations” are now also directed exclusively to areas of the Federal Republic of Germany; the pre-1945 claim to expansion of “space” has been dropped.

Isenberg was able to work in various federal ministries and campaign for spatial planning aspects. In 1951 he worked in the Federal Ministry of Finance in the position of a ministerial councilor on "regional structural issues and aid measures". At the same time (1951) he completed his habilitation at the University of Tübingen with his work “Sustainability and Economic Structure” (from 1959 apl. Prof.). Isenberg taught regularly until 1974. Isenberg belonged to the "Working Group of State Planners" (alongside Stephan Prager , Gerhard Ziegler , Josef Umlauf and others). Isenberg was a representative of the Federal Ministry of Finance in the Federal Republic of Germany's Interministerial Committee for Emergency Areas (IMNOS). As an employee of this ministry, he also sat in the “Scientific Advisory Board of the Federal Institute for Regional Studies and Spatial Research ” (1960). Isenberg was not only a member of the German Academy for Urban Development and Regional Planning (DASL), but also of the research center for family farming as a member. From 1953, Isenberg was a full member of the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning (ARL, Hanover), where he also sat on several research committees (including transport, agriculture) and headed the “Sustainability” working group. Isenberg was also heavily involved with the "Expert Committee for Spatial Planning" (SARO) (from 1955), which presented the "SARO report" in 1961, which, according to Kistenmacher, bore Isenberg's signature "in essential parts". From 1961 Isenberg was spatial planning officer of the Federal Ministry of the Interior . From 1969 to 1972 Isenberg held the chair for regional planning and regional planning at the University of Stuttgart. Isenberg was a member of the German section of the Regional Science Association and recipient of the August Lösch Prize of the city of Heidenheim (1978).

family

Gerhard Isenberg was married to Charlotte born in 1935. Drobig (1906–1975) and had a daughter and a son with her.

Writings, reports, research assignments (selection)

  • Changes in the “spatial order” in Germany. In: Society for Regional Research. Seminar report 14. Lectures given at the winter seminar from February 25 to March 4, 1978 in Windischgarsten, Austria. Heidelberg 1978, pp. 143-220.
  • Recording the livelihoods and calculating the economic and financial strength of new cities: Research assignment BMBau St II 4-704102-72 (1972). Edited by Gerhard Isenberg and Martin Sättler. Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1973 (= series of publications by the Federal Minister for Regional Planning, Building and Urban Development. 3/10).
  • On the history of spatial planning, from a personal point of view, in: ARL (Ed.): Spatial planning and regional planning in the 20th century. Hanover 1971 (= research and meeting reports of the ARL vol. 63; historical spatial research 10), pp. 97-102.
  • Growing economy in Upper Swabia. Regional Planning Association Oberschwaben, Wangen im Allgäu office 1970 (32 pages).
  • Arguments for the great district in Lower Saxony: Lecture given to the plenary meeting of the Hildesheim Chamber of Commerce and Industry on August 27, 1969 on the occasion of the handover of the study "Thoughts and proposals for a reform of the rural districts and administrative districts in Lower Saxony". Hildesheim: IHK 1969 (22 pages)
  • Thoughts and suggestions for a reform of the rural districts and administrative districts in Lower Saxony: Study (completed in mid-March 1969). Hildesheim: Hildesheim Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 1969 (11 sheets).
  • Structure and development of the planning area: Expert opinion 1969, ed. by the regional planning community Württembergisches Unterland.
  • Financial aspects of transport in rural areas. Bonn (approx. 1969) (28 pages).
  • The practical application of the sustainability calculation in war and peace. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung 26 Vol. (1968), pp. 133-140.
  • Measures and diagnostic problems of spatial planning. In: information. Institute for Space Research. 17 (1967), pp. 1-18.
  • Financial aspects of spatial planning. In: Regional planning and land-use planning in rural areas. Stuttgart u. a. 1967, pp. 57-72.
  • The economic determinants of spatial order. Munich: Ifo-Inst. für Wirtschaftsforschung, [1967] (237 pages).
  • Livelihoods in urban and state planning: selected publications and lectures in the courses of the Institute for Urban Development of the German Academy for Urban Development and Regional Planning Berlin, 1961 to 1963. Tübingen: Wasmuth 1965 (196 pages).
  • Industrial supplier relationships as a location factor: Research reports from the “Space and Commercial Economy” committee of the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning. Gerhard Isenberg. Editor: Ulrich Bröse. Hanover: Jänecke 1971 (Research and meeting reports of the ARL / Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning. Hanover: ARL 1950–2012; 65. Spatial and commercial economy: Research reports of the “Space and commercial economy” committee of the ARL. Hanover: Jänecke, 1961.5) .
  • Considerations on the economic determinants of spatial order. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 22nd year (1964), pp. 154–177.
  • Economic report by Prof. Dr. Gerhard Isenberg for the city and district of Karlsruhe, November 23, 1962 (Source: Karlsruhe City Archives, 8 / BA Schlesiger 1962 / A9a_253_1_1)
  • The livelihoods of the city of Bremerhaven: economic reports (published on behalf of the city council of Bremerhaven. Research assistant: Herbert Brüning). In addition: short version of the economic report with maps and tables. 132 sheets. Bremerhaven: Magistrate [main office], 1961.
  • The performance principle in industrial society. In: Institut International de Sociologie . Files of the XVIII. International Congress of Sociology. Nuremberg, 10 to. September 17, 1958. Vol. I / IV. Meisenheim am Glan 1961, pp. 182-199.
  • Expert opinion on the procedure in state planning under economic aspects, presented on the economic development of the Upper Rhine area: Reimbursed on behalf of the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Economics. / Gerhard Isenberg: Collaboration: Hans Kistenmacher. Stuttgart: State planning office at the Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg, 1961 (vol. 1: 178 sheets: vol. 2: 127 sheets).
  • Financial equalization and spatial planning. In: ARL (1960), pp. 475-487.
  • Agriculture and financial equalization: (at the meeting on March 13, 1956) (approx. 1957, 4 pages).
  • Problems of state planning in the economic metropolitan areas. In: information. Institute for Space Research. 8 (1958), pp. 223-248.
  • The metropolitan areas in the Federal Republic (copied as a manuscript), Bad Godesberg: Institut für Raumforschung 1957 (= lectures / Institute for Spatial Research. Bad Godesberg 1951/6) (with map: The main industrial zones and metropolitan areas of the Federal Republic of Germany) (55 pages).
  • The importance of industry as an additional source of income for small farmers, no place, 1956 (24 pages).
  • The problem of optimal population density. In: Freedom and Planning. Conference on spatial planning of the Evangelical Academy Loccum from September 14th to 18th, 1956, pp. 21-25.
  • Methods for the preparation of economic income statements for large projects of the national culture. Federal Ministry of Finance, 1955.
  • The current problem of load-bearing capacity, the main features of their recording and evaluation for the structural assessment of the Federal Republic. In: Reports on Agriculture, 32nd Vol. (1954), pp. 38-54.
  • Comments on the publication “State planning - terms and guidelines”. Another contribution to the discussion. In: information. Institute for Space Research. 4, pp. 71-83 (1954).
  • State planning tasks. For official use only., Undated [1954].
  • Integration of refugees and social redeployment. o. O., OJ (around 1953).
  • Exposé regional planning at federal level, December 29, 1951.
  • Sustainability and economic structure. Bremen-Horn: Dorn 1953 (= spatial research and regional planning: Abhandlungen. Bremen 1950.22) (146 pages).
  • Presentation of the methods of recording the load-bearing capacity, in: "Reports on German regional studies", 8th vol. (1950), pp. 298–324.
  • Sustainability of the German states in the western zones, in: "Raumforschung und Raumordnung" 10th year (1950), pp. 20-22.
  • On the typology of the German rural districts, in: "Raumforschung und Raumordnung" 10th year (1950), 1st quarter, pp. 8-10; Continuation: 2nd quarter, pp. 43–46.
  • On the question of the sustainability of state and economic areas, in: Raumforschung und Raumordnung 1948, no. 2, (February) pp. 41–51.
  • For the training of senior administrative officials, October 1944.
  • The craft according to the workplace census. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 6th year (1942), pp. 353–355.
  • The scope and effects of the rural reorganization in Germany, in: Deutsche Verwaltung, Vol. 19 (1942), pp. 144–147.
  • Annex to the statement RfR 2838/42 [building director Köster submitted by Gerhard Isenberg], September 2, 1942. Berlin.
  • Explanations of the district overviews for the Lower Saxony economic area. Oldenburg 1942 (= publications of the Provincial Institute for State Planning and Lower Saxony State and Folk Research, Hannover-Göttingen, Series B., Vol. 2.)
  • The sustainability of the German East in terms of agricultural and commercial populations, in: Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung (Ed.): Structure and design of the central locations of the German East (Part 5), (Only for official use!) Leipzig: Koehler 1941 (57 pages) .
  • On the migration balance 1933–1939. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 5th year (1941), H. 1/2, pp. 24-25.
  • The distribution of the population and of the professions on the structural types of the cities in the new east. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 5th year (1941), H. 3/4, pp. 134-138.
  • The district folder of the Reich Office for Spatial Planning, in: Reports on German regional studies 1st volume (1941/42), pp. 85–87.
  • District overviews: regional and statistical overviews of the city and rural districts in the Lower Saxony economic area; (Hanover, Oldenburg; Braunschweig; Bremen, Lippe, Schaumburg-Lippe and closer neighboring areas / [published by Ludwig Geßner]. Part 3: Explanations. Oldenburg iO: Stalling 1941, 61 pages (= Publications / B. Publications / Provincial Institute for Regional planning, regional and folklore of Lower Saxony at the University of Göttingen / Provincial Institute for regional planning, regional and folklore of Lower Saxony. Oldenburg: Stalling 1940, 2.)
  • Statistical documents for the reorganization of the agricultural business and ownership. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 4th year (1940), pp. 241–242.
  • Small business and unit value size classes. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 4th year (1940), pp. 372–273.
  • About the life opportunities of the local needy, especially the craft and retail trade. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 4th year (1940), pp. 368–369.
  • Inventory and administration, in: Raumforschung und Raumordnung 4th vol. (1940), pp. 476-480.
  • Changes in the professional structure and tasks of spatial research, in: Raumforschung und Raumordnung 4 Jg. (1940), H. 7/8, pp. 315–319.
  • Statistical documents for the reorganization of agricultural business and ownership, in: Raumforschung und Raumordnung 4th Jg. (1940), no. 5, pp. 241–242.
  • Regional statistics in the service of spatial planning, administration and economy. In: Friedrich Burgdörfer (Ed.): The statistics in Germany according to their current status. Honorary gift for Friedrich Zahn. Vol. I. Berlin 1940, pp. 517-525.
  • The working group for economic spatial research, in: "Yearbook" (University of Politics) 1939 ed. by Paul Meier-Benneckenstein (President of the School of Politics ), pp. 435–443.
  • The Hanover Emsland in the mirror of the statistics. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 1st year (1937), pp. 271–275.
  • Does the East have too many or too few people? In: Deutscher Kulturwart (Cottbus), Vol. 3 (1936), pp. 75–80.
  • (together with Wilhelm Fischer) Thoughts on the management of labor. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 1st year (1937), pp. 111–114.
  • Employment opportunities and crisis resistance as a prerequisite for settlement activity. Manuscript 1936, in the Municipal Science Institute at the University of Berlin.
  • The production conditions as the determining factor for the international differences in wage and price levels. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1933 (= Tübingen economic studies 1928; 20 .; also: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 1933).
  • Addendum to the report of June 1932 on the labor market requirements for housing construction and short-term settlement in the individual districts of Saxony [Gerhard Isenberg], June 1933.
  • The labor market conditions for the smallholder and allotment garden settlements. In: Adolf Muesmann (Hrsg.): The conversion in the settlement system. Preparation, implementation and yield calculation of the new suburban small settlements and smallholder farms. Stuttgart 1932, pp. 120-124.

literature

  • Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag 2008, ISBN 978-3-8353-0269-3
  • Jörg Gutberger: People, space and social structure. Social structure and social space research in the "Third Reich". Münster / W .: Lit-Verlag 1996 (= contributions to the history of sociology, vol. 8). ISBN 3-8258-2852-2
  • Hans Kistenmacher: Gerhard Isenberg † . In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung 40 Jg. (1982), H. 4, S. 174-175. ISSN  1869-4179

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 262 .
  2. ^ Charles Isenberg (Carl Wilhelm Heinrich Isenberg) was the son of the missionary Karl Wilhelm Isenberg
  3. ↑ Andreas Abel: The Descendants of Government Councilor Carl F. Feuerlein , Todt-Druck, Villingen-Schwenningen 2007, p. 333
  4. ↑ a b c Hans Kistenmacher: Gerhard Isenberg † . In: spatial research and spatial planning . 40th year, no. 4 , 1982, pp. 174 .
  5. ^ Gerhard Isenberg: The production conditions as a determining factor for the international differences in wages and prices . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1933.
  6. ↑ After some time it was renamed “Reich Office for Spatial Planning for the New Formation of German Peasantry”.
  7. ↑ Uwe Mai: "Race and Space". Agricultural policy, social and spatial planning in the Nazi state . Schöningh, Paderborn 2002, p. 74 (footnote 299) .
  8. ↑ Gerhard Isenberg: On the history of spatial planning, from a personal point of view . In: Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning (Ed.): Regional planning and regional planning in the 20th century. Research and meeting reports of the ARL vol. 63. ARL, Hannover 1971, p. 99 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e Hans Kistenmacher: Gerhard Isenberg † . In: spatial research and spatial planning . 40th year, no. 4 . Hanover 1982, p. 175 .
  10. ^ Andreas Kübler: Chronicle of construction and space. History and prehistory of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning . Ed .: Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning. Wasmuth, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-8030-0667-7 , p. 300 f .
  11. ↑ Gerhard Isenberg: The carrying capacity of the German East in terms of agricultural and commercial population . In: Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung (Hrsg.): Structure and design of the central locations of the German East (Part 5), (Only for official use!) . Koehler, Leipzig 1941, p. 5 .
  12. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 167 ff .
  13. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 210-216 .
  14. ↑ Hansjörg Gutberger: Spatial Development, Population and social integration. Research for spatial planning and spatial planning policy 1930-1960 . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2017, ISBN 978-3-658-15129-4 , p. 129 ff .
  15. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 127 .
  16. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 230 .
  17. ^ Karl R. Kegler: Fear of Crisis and Crisis Diagnosis: German Spatial Planning after 1945 . In: Wendelin Strubelt, Detlef Briesen (ed.): Spatial planning after 1945. Continuities and new beginnings in the Federal Republic of Germany . Campus, Frankfurt / New York 2015, ISBN 978-3-593-50306-6 , pp. 69-91 .
  18. ^ Gerhard Isenberg: Sustainability and economic structure . Spatial research and regional planning: treatises. 22. Dorn, Bremen-Horn 1953.
  19. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 262 .
  20. ↑ Stefan Grüner: Planned "economic miracle"? Industrial and structural policy in Bavaria 1945 to 1973. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2009, p. 207 f .
  21. ^ Andreas Abel: The descendants of the government councilor Carl F. Feuerlein , Todt-Druck, Villingen-Schwenningen 2007, p. 334
  22. ↑ Economic report by Prof. Dr. Gerhard Isenberg for the city and district of Karlsruhe. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on August 30, 2017 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de  
  23. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 299 .
  24. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 274 .
  25. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 208 .
  26. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 205 .
  27. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 130 .
personal data
SURNAME Isenberg, Gerhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German economist, spatial planner and regional planner
DATE OF BIRTH June 11, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Ulm
DATE OF DEATH July 25, 1982
Place of death Bonn