Reich Office for Spatial Planning

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The Reich Office for Spatial Planning ( RfR ) was set up in June 1935 as the Supreme Reich Authority with Hanns Kerrl as head and was directly subordinate to Adolf Hitler . Kerrl's deputy was Hermann Muhs (his executive successor after Kerrl's death). Up until then, Carl Christoph Lörcher had headed the area that was politically most important for the National Socialists, the rebuilding of German peasantry . The task of the RfR was a comprehensive, superordinate planning and organization of the German area for the entire territory of the Reich . According to the law on the regulation of land requirements of the public sector of March 29, 1935, which prepared the foundation of the RfR, the Reichsstelle had to "ensure that the German area is shaped in a manner appropriate to the needs of the people and the state". (§ 3).

The Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung (RAG) , which was affiliated to the RfR and founded six months after it, worked (formally) for the Reichsstelle as a research organization, but it also de facto developed its own independence. Together with the university study groups for spatial research, it represented a large network of university research in the National Socialist state.

Foundation, workforce and organizational structure of the RfR

In the area of ​​"new settlements" there had been competition between several NS organs and political levels until 1935, which was to be abolished with the formation of the Reich Office and the procedures tightened. Kerrl's first ordinance for the implementation of national and state planning was issued on February 15, 1936. The provinces were declared planning areas, and 23 state planning communities were created. 52 district offices were connected to the state planning associations. Both were assigned to the RfR. The communal spatial planning that had prevailed up to that point no longer existed. The state planning communities were only dissolved on December 13, 1944.

After Kerrl's death in December 1941, his state secretary, Hermann Muhs, became the managing director of the RfR. The Reich Labor Ministry partially cut competencies (sole supervision of the state planning associations; declaration of economic plans as a municipal task) of the newly founded RfR. On the other hand, as early as September 1935, the Reich Labor Minister declared himself ready to give the RfR competencies in the area of ​​a draft Reich Planning Act:

"Insofar as the planning for housing and settlement, including urban development, has to be regulated in this draft, I will provide you with the necessary contributions."

The tasks of the Reichsstelle initially included the spatial equal distribution of industry and housing in the German Reich . For a "popular order of the area", the land requirements of the public sector should be regulated and a planned settlement with a "healthy" (in the sense of NS) population structure guaranteed. De facto, however, the planning legislation stagnated and the new institution dealt more with day-to-day political tasks, such as in the second half of the war, for example, with the near and far evacuation of the population in areas at risk of or damaged by bombing.

Another competition for the RfR (and a little later also for the RAG) was the party-official academy for regional research and planning of the Reich, established in August 1935 . This academy, led by Johann Wilhelm Ludowici , was supposed to prevent "tendencies towards independence in the state organizations of the Reich Office". The academy was only able to hold out against RfR / RAG until 1937 and was closed again.

The Reich Office consisted of the central department, led by Hermann Muhs, as well as the administration department and the planning department. The administration department was headed by Ernst Jarmer , the planning department was headed by the First Building Director i. R. Karl Köster (Hamburg). Muhs and Jarmer signed numerous RfR decrees.

Numerous sections were assigned to all three departments. Among the department heads were some spatial planning experts who made a name for themselves in spatial planning politics after 1945: Erwin Muermann , head of the General Legal Affairs department (Department III) of the central department of the RfR, became the first director of the later Bad Godesberg Institute for spatial research . Gerhard Isenberg , Head of the Statistics Unit (Unit V) in the planning department was a key person in the development of the German regional planning policy (including SARO reports). Department VII Transport Matters of the administrative department was headed by Ministerialrat Werner Teubert . Division II of the planning department, planning principles and scientific spatial research, was headed by Hermann Roloff .

For the Reich Church Ministry, which Kerrl also headed, there were units of the same name within the central department there, which were obviously responsible for both the Ministry and the Reich Office. Karl Troebs, for example, also worked in the same position for the Reich Ministry of Churches.

An overview of the departments and units of the Reich Office for Regional Planning
senior staff Functions
Reich Minister

Hanns Kerrl

(Deputy until 1936:
Walter Blöcker )

Head of the RfR; President of the Reich Planning Association.
State Secretary

Dr. Hermann Muhs

Permanent representative of the head of the RfR (after W. Blöcker's death in 1936); Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Reich Planning Association;

Head of the Central Department

Ministerial Director

Ernst Jarmer

Head of the administration department
First building director i. R.

Karl Koester

Head of the planning department
Central Department (Head: Hermann Muhs)
Employee presentation designation
Senior Councilor Helmut Urlacher I. The general and personal affairs of the house
Schirrmann II The financial affairs of the house
Dr. Erwin Muermann III General legal matters
General advisor to government councilor Karl Troebs IV Press, propaganda
Dr. Heinrich Bunning V Press law, censorship
Ministerialrat Dr. Wirsel VI Affairs of the branch offices
Damaschke VII Special tasks
Administration department (Head: Ernst Jarmer)
Employee presentation designation
Dr. Werner Otto I. Planning law and general administrative matters
Dr. Hans Julius Schepers II Defense matters
Dr. Wilhelm Fischer III General economic and financial matters
Dr. Walter Puttkammer IV trade and Industry
NN V Agriculture, forestry and water management
Senior Councilor Dr. Heinrich Siemer VI Matters of labor input and population distribution
Ministerial Director Dr. Werner Teubert VII Traffic matters
Dr. Rolf Schrameier VIII Colonial planning
Planning department (Head: Karl Köster)
Employee presentation designation
Ministerial Counselor Prof. Dr. Ernst Hamm I. General matters of planning
Senior Councilor Dr. Ing.habil. Hermann Roloff II Planning principles and scientific spatial research
Ministerial Counselor Prof. Dr. Ernst Hamm III Development and settlement
Speaker Heinrich Dörr IV Recreation and landscaping
Senior Councilor Dr. Gerhard Isenberg V statistics
Ministerial Counselor Prof. Dr. Ernst Hamm VI Maps, norms and overseas planning

During the war, ORR Heinrich Siemer was appointed liaison officer of the RfR to the Reich Commissariat for the Consolidation of German Ethnicity (RKF).

Hermann Roloff also worked for the RfR in the occupied Netherlands. In a corresponding publication he was referred to as head of the Ministerial Department for Planning.

Hans Julius Schepers was appointed head of the Main Office for Regional Planning in Krakow in the General Government.

The following are also named as RfR employees: Gerhard Ziegler , Edmund Gassner , Norbert Ley , Ministerialrat Dr. Smolik, graduate economist Wiesener, Dr. Leo Hilberath (RfR advisor), Senior Government Inspector Wendel, Government Councilor Walter Muthmann, Government Councilor Wilhelm Schmitz, Upper Government Councilor Dr. Becker, Kraatz, vom Hof, Röschmann u. a.

Hans Bernhard Reichow worked for the RfR ("Urban planning report on the questions of industrial and commercial settlement in the Gau capital Posen von Städt. Building Director Dr. Ing. H. Reichow").

In addition, new sections were added to the individual departments of the RfR in the course of the war. This is how u. a. the new departments General Air Defense and Air War Damage, Ethnicity and Eastern Territories. There was also now a defense officer and a defense officer.

Marcel Herzberg gave a summary of the RfR's workforce:

"Exact lists of the RfR's workforce cannot be found in the files of the Federal Archives. For 1943, however, evidence of the 'following members' shows the following workforce: 53 male: of these 20 civil servants, 31 salaried employees, 2 workers. 41 female: 11 of them were 'scientific unskilled workers', 11 in the office, 3 in the anteroom, 16 in the office work, so a total of 94 employees for 1941. It can be assumed, however, that the average workforce was higher before the war because of the Files show that numerous male employees were posted to military service. The workforce prior to 1939 should have been over 100. "

The head of the RfR appointed the advisory boards of the regional planning associations . The advisory boards consisted of representatives of the NSDAP, the heads of the authorities in the planning area, representatives of the municipalities, business and science. So counted z. B. the well-known population statistician Friedrich Burgdörfer on the advisory board of the regional planning community Bavaria . In 1937, a Reich planning association was to work closely with the RfR in terms of personnel and organization. However, it is controversial whether the Reichsplanungsgemeinschaft ever had any effect. The geography historian Mechtild Rössler judged:

"The planned establishment of the Reichsplanungsgemeinschaft (...) never came about. Instead, the state planning associations were directly subordinate to the Reichsstelle."

For Eastern Europe , the Reich Office for Spatial Planning increasingly developed “far-reaching concepts for the organization, settlement and control of the conquered areas”. She was involved in the General Plan East .

"The RfR and the state planners who had done the actual work for Himmler were not invited. This was the expression of the efforts of the RKF to subordinate these two established planning institutions. This was especially true for the RfR, which was the only Reich authority to unite She had an overview of all plans and projects of the economy, the armed forces and administration. She also had a say in all questions of spatial planning in the Reich. "

In the first years of the war the RKF still cooperated with the RfR. After a planning department for spatial planning / spatial planning had been set up in the RKF, RKF and RfR concluded an agreement on December 22, 1939, which was supposed to define areas of responsibility. De facto, however, the RKF was in a stronger position due to Himmler's abundance of power. In coordination with each other and with the involvement of the regional planners, both institutions developed the district planning plans or the district planning sketches (also called spatial and area planning sketches) for the incorporated eastern areas. These plans were ultimately also the cause of growing disputes between the RfR and the planning department of the RKF under Konrad Meyer . The knowledge of the Reich Working Group for Spatial Research (and affiliated university working groups) - which, however, was not always considered to be of practical relevance - was apparently skimmed off by both the RfR and the RKF. There was also a claim on the part of science to provide the bureaucracies with politically relevant data.

The work of the Reich Office was precarious due to unclear competencies over the entire duration of their existence because in the polycratic structure of the regime other power holders could significantly gain more influence, which was after 1936 especially for the Four-Year Plan , the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Armed Forces; after 1939 in the area of ​​spatial planning, especially for the SS . In 1943, Muhs succeeded in averting the impending dissolution of the RfR. It existed until almost the end of the war. Even in the last months of the war she was commissioned with evacuation planning. The last official announcements of the RfR are from March 1945.

Contemporary publications by and about the RfR (selection)

  • Plan signs for spatial planning and land use ; Reich Minister Kerrl, Head of the Reich Office f. Spatial planning, etc. the Reichs- u. Prussia. Minister of Labor. Berlin: Reichsverlagsamt [1937].
  • Bulletin of the Reich Office for Spatial Planning , Berlin, 1937-1939.
  • Konrad Meyer: [First:] Three years of the Reich Office for Spatial Research (Preface); [Second:] The work of the Reich Office for Spatial Planning .
  • RfR: The work of the Reich Office for Spatial Planning . In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, Vol. 2.1938, 7, pp. 281–287.
  • Ludwig Geßner: Reich Office for Spatial Planning . Enth .: 1. State planning associations. In: Atlas of the administrative districts of authorities and corporations in the Lower Saxony economic area: Administrative atlas, Oldenburg iO: Stalling, 1940.

RfR conferences (selection)

  • Conference on emergency areas in December 1937 in Berlin
  • Planners meeting in October 1941 in Poznan
  • State planning conference in Sopot in December 1942
  • Conference in Lutherstadt Wittenberg in May 1944

The Reich Working Group for Spatial Research

In December 1935, the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung (RAG) of German universities was formed to assist the Reichsstelle as a research organization; its main person was the agricultural scientist Konrad Meyer . Meyer led the RAG from 1936 to July 1939. The Reich Ministry for Science, Education and National Education was also involved in the creation of the RAG . The ministry called on all faculties of German universities to participate in the RAG.

The RAG developed a relative independence compared to the RfR from the beginning, which in the first few years was particularly related to Konrad Meyer's growing power. The successor to this facility is the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning in Hanover to this day . Meyer succeeded Paul Ritterbusch and Kurt Brüning (from August 23, 1944) as heads of RAG.

The following are also mentioned in the literature as employees of the headquarters of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft in Berlin and planning committees in the RAG: Martin Kornrumpf, John Boyens, Friedrich Bülow, Angelika Sievers , Heinrich Hensen, Erika Fischer (sociologist), Frank Glatzel, Willi Guthsmuths and others. a.

The RAG served to “bring together all scientific forces involved in spatial research.” The organization had a “central advisory board” in which working groups were formed (including on the topics of spatial studies, economic dynamics or national and regional planning). However, not only in the advisory board, but also in the RAG, specialist working groups have been formed (e.g. “commercial economy”, “rural reorganization”, “traffic”, “ central locations ”). The new “ spatial research ” generated its knowledge through these specialist working groups and the university working groups for spatial research , which were formed at a large number of universities (most recently 51) . The university working groups were also united in regional groups, such as the “Group East” or the “Group Central Germany”. Political Services, d. H. some Reich ministries and special authorities such as the RKF, but also the Reich Research Council and the Reich Chamber of Commerce were able to initiate research contracts from the RAG.

As early as the spring of 1935, the " Working Group for Economic Spatial Research " was formed as part of an exercise at the University of Politics , which in the following years also cooperated with the University Working Group for Spatial Research at Berlin University.

The RAG initially turned to various issues within the Reich territory (including 'emergency areas ", agriculture, location issues, economic structure), but that changed with the start of the war. Walter Christaller , Gerhard Isenberg, Karl C. Thalheim , and Georg Weippert worked for the war research program , Carl Brinkmann , Heinz Sauermann , Friedrich Bülow , Walter Geisler and numerous other geographers, agricultural scientists, economists and social scientists. The RAG's "war-important research program" (or "The East"), which was presented shortly after the start of the war in September 1939 defined six "problem groups":

  1. "Preparation of a planning atlas for the German eastern region as part of the Reichsatlaswerk"
  2. "Investigations into the possibilities of strengthening and strengthening the German Volkstum and the formation of a new German people's soil in the German East"
  3. "How can the previously politically and economically separated industrial areas in the entire Upper Silesia area be shaped spatially into a unified economic and living organism, taking into account the fact that this area represents the central industrial area for the central and southern European eastern region?"
  4. "What significance does the expansion of the Vistula as a major shipping route and the Baltic Sea ports have for the development and future order of the East?"
  5. "What structure and what design should the central locations and their catchment areas receive in the future?"
  6. "Public and municipal law investigations"

From autumn 1939, Heinrich Himmler's SS main office "Planning and Ground", which Konrad Meyer now headed, gained increasing influence on the work of the RAG for the Germanization of Wartheland and the Generalgouvernement with the development of the General Plan East .

With the incorporation of the RAG into the Reich Research Council in March 1942, the RAG received additional financial support and was further replaced by the RfR.

The RAG held numerous conferences. The most famous of these are those in Marienburg (May 1937), Breslau (July 1937), Graz (October 1938), Berlin (April 1940), Dresden (October 1942) and Pretzsch (February 1944). The RAG also existed beyond the National Socialist era:

"Just two weeks after the end of the war, on May 20, 1945, the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung, which had been relocated to Göttingen a year earlier, resumed work under its old chairman Kurt Brüning. Even the previous name was retained. Only as Control Commission of Germany 'threatened not to approve any financial means, the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung in the autumn of 1946 was forced to drop the word' Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft 'and rename itself to' Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung '(ARL). "

Scientists and planners actively involved in NS spatial planning influenced the history of the Reichsstelle and the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft until the 1980s. Josef Umlauf , Konrad Meyer, Günther Franz , Georg Keil and Gerhard Isenberg made numerous contributions to the history of the discipline of spatial research .

Publications of the RAG

Spatial research and spatial planning became the magazine of the RAG in October 1936 . Monthly publication of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung launched. In 1938 it presented the “ Dr. Hellmuth Plan for the Reorganization of the Main Franconia Gau” in detail , appeared until 1944 and, after an interruption of four years, again regularly from 1948 onwards. In terms of “content, methodology and design, it followed seamlessly from the period before 1945” and therefore “consequently also continued the year numbering”.

The main editor of the National Socialist RAG was Frank Glatzel .

From 1941 the journal Archive for Economic Planning appeared , "published in conjunction with the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung" by the Rostock and Berlin spatial researcher Hans Weigmann (Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart and Berlin). Editing: Frank Glatzel.

In 1941 also appeared:

  • Structure and design of the central locations of the German east: joint work on behalf of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung . Leipzig: Koehler 1941 (in a slipcase; Vol. 1–5; consisting of individual themed issues by Walter Christaller, Gerhard Isenberg and Walter Geisler, among others).
  • The rural labor constitution in the west and south of the empire: Contributions to the rural exodus / joint work on behalf of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung, edited and edited by Prof. Dr. Konrad Meyer and Dr. Klaus Thiede ; with the assistance of Dr. Udo Froese . Heidelberg, Berlin, Magdeburg: Kurt Vowinckel Verlag 1941.

The RAG published several series of publications. The reports on spatial research and spatial planning were published from 1939 to 1944 :

  • Agricultural geography literature: an overview of the past decade . Edited by Angelika Sievers. Leipzig: Koehler 1944 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 11)
  • The economic and legal basis of organic urban recovery and urban renewal. Edited by the German Academy for Urban Development, Reich and State Planning, Working Group for Urban Health Issues (Frankfurt / M.). Leipzig: Koehler 1943 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 10)
  • Spatial planning through agricultural resettlement in the Rhine Province . Edited by Wilhelm Busch (agricultural scientist) . Edited by the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung in conjunction with the Governor of the Rhine Province as deputy. Chair of the Rhineland Regional Planning Association. (= Reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 9)
  • Urban development and local transport . Edited by Reinhold Niemeyer . Leipzig: Koehler 1941 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 8.)
  • Bog and peat in regional planning . Leipzig: Koehler 1942 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 7)
  • The New German East. A bibliography . Edited by Paul Ritterbusch and Erika Fischer (sociologist) . Leipzig: Koehler 1940 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 6)
  • The horticultural corridors to the left of the Rhine in the southern Cologne Bay: in particular those of the foothills in the map . Edited by Heinrich Müller-Miny . Leipzig: Koehler 1940 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 5)
  • German city pictures: with drawings by the author . Edited by Max Grantz . Leipzig: Koehler 1940 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 4)
  • The rural exodus in Franconia . Edited by Karl Seiler and Walter Hildebrandt . Leipzig: Koehler 1940 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 3)
  • Antitrust Policy and Regional Planning . Edited by Günter Trittelvitz. Leipzig: Koehler 1939 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 2)
  • Railway goods tariff policy and regional planning, developed using the example of Thuringia: at the same time proof of the public economy of the goods tariff system of the German Reichsbahn . Edited by Paul Schulz-Kiesow . Leipzig: Koehler 1939 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning. Vol. 1)
  • The commercial resettlement possibilities in Westphalia: preliminary investigation for the future west-east settlement . Edited by Alfred Müller-Armack at the Institute for Economic and Social Sciences and the Research Center for Settlements and Housing at the University of Münster. Münster 1942 (Reports on spatial research and spatial planning, Series B, 1)
  • The present and future importance of the small and field railways: explained on the basis of the conditions in the Reichsgau Wartheland. Edited by Theodor Krebs . Leipzig: Koehler 1943 (reports on spatial research and spatial planning, series B, 3)

published as contributions to spatial research and spatial planning :

  • People and living space : research in the service of spatial planning and regional planning / ed. by Konrad Meyer. Heidelberg: Vowinckel 1938 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 1)
  • Konstantinos Apostolou Doxiadēs : Spatial planning in Greek urban planning . Heidelberg [u. a.]: Vowinckel 1937 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 2)
  • Irene Scheibe: Female rural youth in the East Pomeranian border region . Heidelberg [u. a.]: Vowinckel 1937 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 3)
  • Karl Boekholt : Income and performance reserves of grain cultivation: a contribution to the agricultural production order in the German area. Heidelberg [u. a.]: Vowinckel 1937 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 4)
  • Hans Joachim Riecke : Land reclamation and national culture . Heidelberg [u. a.]: Vowinckel 1937 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 14/15)
  • Udo Froese: The colonization work of Frederick the Great: essence and legacy . Heidelberg [u. a.]: Vowinckel 1938 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 5)
  • Paul Schulz-Kiesow: The railway goods tariff policy in its effect on the industrial location and spatial planning: At the same time an economic textbook of the railway goods tariff policy . Bremen: Vowinckel 1940 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 6)
  • Reinhold Stisser: Location and planning of the German automotive industry . Bremen: Horn 1950 (contributions to spatial research and spatial planning, vol. 18).

as spatial research and spatial planning. Volks- und Raumpolitische series was published:

  • Friedrich Bülow : Large-scale economy, world economy and spatial planning . Leipzig: Koehler 1941, 2 1943 (2nd unaltered edition) (= spatial research and spatial planning. People's and spatial policy series, issue 1, edited by Prof. Dr. Paul Ritterbusch).

as a special release

  • The Sudeten countries in literature . A bibliography. Edited by Erika Fischer with the assistance of Erich Bachmann, Leo Hilberath , Alois Kreller, Adalbert Plott, Ernst Tscherne. Special publication of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung. Published by Paul Ritterbusch. Heidelberg: Vowinckel 1941

in the Schr of iftenreihe Reich Association for Space Research at the Technical University of Berlin appeared:

  • Alfred Striemer: Prenzlau. Life and work in the urban and rural district of Prenzlau . Springer, Berlin 1939, volume 1.
  • Alfred Stri emer : Pain. Life and work in the city and district of Peine . Springer, Berlin 1939, Volume 2.
  • Gottfried F eder : Workplace - home: with 27 tables in the text. Springer, Berlin 1939, volume 3.

RAG conferences (selection)

  • RAG's first workshop in Berlin, April 1936
  • Autumn conference in Berlin, December 1936
  • Marienburg Conference, May 1937
  • Graz Conference, October 1938
  • Dresden conference, October 1942
  • Pretzscher (Elbe) conference, February 1944

See also

literature

  • Heinrich Mäding , Wendelin Strubelt Ed .: From the Third Reich to the Federal Republic. Contributions to a conference on the history of spatial research and spatial planning. Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning ARL, Hanover 2009, ISBN 3888383463 passim
  • Wolfgang Istel: Lines of development of a Reich legislation for state planning up to 1945 . In: Contributions to spatial research, spatial planning and regional planning. Publication series state and urban development research of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. State development volume 1.042. Dortmund 1985, ISBN 3-8176-1042-4 , pp. 67-100.
  • Michael Venhoff: The Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung (RAG) and the Reich German spatial planning since their creation until the end of the Second World War 1945. Series: Working material of the ARL, 258th Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning ARL, Hannover 2000, ISBN 3888386586
  • Mechtild Rössler: "Science and living space ". Geographical research on the East under National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the discipline of geography . Berlin, Marburg: Dietrich Reimer Verlag 1990 (= Hamburg contributions to the history of science. 8) ISBN 3-496-00394-4
  • Mechtild Rössler : The institutionalization of a new 'science' under National Socialism. Spatial research and spatial planning 1933 - 1945 . In: Geographische Zeitschrift 75th Jg. (1987), pp. 177-193.
  • Elke Pahl-Weber : The Reich Office for Spatial Planning and Eastern Planning . In: Mechtild Rössler, Sabine Schleiermacher (ed.) With the collaboration of Cordula Tollmien: The "General Plan East": Main lines of the National Socialist planning and extermination policy . Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1993 (= series of publications: Writings of the Hamburg Foundation for 20th Century Social History) ISBN 3-05-002445-3 , pp. 148–153.
  • Marcel Herzberg: Spatial Planning in National Socialist Germany . Dortmund: Dortmund sales for building and planning literature 1997 (= Dortmund materials for spatial planning. 25). ISBN 3-929797-34-8
  • Hansjörg Gutberger: spatial development, population and social integration. Research for spatial planning and spatial planning policy 1930-1960 . Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2017, ISBN 978-3-658-15129-4
  • Rolf-Dieter Müller : Hitler's Eastern War and German Settlement Policy. The cooperation between the armed forces, business and the SS . Frankfurt / M. 1991, ISBN 3-596-10573-0

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Reichsarbeitsminister to Reichsminister Kerrl of September 28, 1935 quoted. after Wolfgang Istel: Development lines of a Reich legislation for state planning up to 1945 . In: Contributions to spatial research, spatial planning and regional planning. Dortmund 1985, p. 83.
  2. ^ Wolfgang Istel: Development lines of a Reich legislation for state planning up to 1945 . In: Contributions to spatial research, spatial planning and regional planning. Dortmund 1985, p. 86f.
  3. ^ Werner Väth: spatial planning. Problems of spatial development and spatial planning policy in Germany. Koenigsstein / Ts. 1980, p. 117 .
  4. ↑ a b Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning, Andreas Kübler (Ed.): Chronicle of construction and space. History and prehistory of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning . Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-8030-0667-7 , p. 300 f .
  5. ↑ Wendelin Strubelt, Detlef Briesen (Ed.): Spatial planning after 1945. Continuities and new beginnings in the Federal Republic of Germany . Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / M., New York 2015, ISBN 978-3-593-50306-6 .
  6. ↑ Cf. Heike Kreutzer: The Reich Church Ministry in the structure of National Socialist rule . Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2000, pp. 90f., 93f., 348.
  7. ↑ after: Marcel Herzberg: Spatial planning in National Socialist Germany. Dortmund 1997, p. 40; Andreas Kübler, Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (Ed.): Chronicle of construction and space. History and prehistory of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning . Tübingen, Berlin 2007, p. 300.
  8. ↑ Alfred Schirrmann worked in the same function for the Reich Church Ministry (cf. Kreutzer 2000, pp. 340, 348).
  9. ↑ It is not known whether the soil reformer Adolf Damaschke , who died in 1935, was intended to be involved. In the same year Adolf Damaschke published A Struggle for Socialism and Nation. From the struggle for land for every national. Dresden 1935.
  10. ↑ after: Marcel Herzberg: Spatial planning in National Socialist Germany. Dortmund 1997, p. 40; Andreas Kübler, Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (Ed.): Chronicle of construction and space. History and prehistory of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning . Tübingen, Berlin 2007, p. 300.
  11. ↑ after: Marcel Herzberg: Spatial planning in National Socialist Germany. Dortmund 1997, p. 40; Andreas Kübler, Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (Ed.): Chronicle of construction and space. History and prehistory of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning . Tübingen, Berlin 2007, p. 300.
  12. ↑ Götz Aly, Susanne Heim: Vordenker der Vernichtung. Auschwitz and the German plans for a new European order. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1991, ISBN 3-455-08366-8 , pp. 158 .
  13. ↑ Dr. Max Freiherr Du Prel with the participation of Willi Janke: The Netherlands in the upheaval of times. Old and new relationships with the Empire. Ed .: On behalf of the Reich Commissioner for the Occupied Dutch Territories, Reich Minister Dr. Seyss-Inquart. Konrad Triltsch Verlag, Würzburg 1941, p. XV .
  14. ↑ Mechtild Rössler: "Science and living space". Geographical research on the East under National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the discipline of geography . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin / Hamburg 1990, p. 216 .
  15. ↑ https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/institut_fuer_zeitungsforschung/zi_downloads/ns_presseanlösungen/38_2_p_reg.pdf
  16. ↑ Reproduced in extracts in: Elke Pahl-Weber: The Reich Office for Spatial Planning and Eastern Planning . In: Mechtild Rössler, Sabine Schleiermacher (ed.) With the collaboration of Cordula Tollmien: The "General Plan East": Main lines of the National Socialist planning and extermination policy . Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1993, Document 5, pp. 154-174.
  17. ↑ Marcel Herzberg: Spatial Planning in National Socialist Germany . Ed .: Faculty of Spatial Planning University of Dortmund. Dortmund sales for building and planning literature, Dortmund 1997, p. 39 .
  18. ↑ Marcel Herzberg: Spatial Planning in National Socialist Germany. Dortmund 1997, p. 42
  19. ↑ Sonja Schnitzler: Sociology in National Socialism between science and politics. Elisabeth Pfeil and the "Archive for Population Science and Population Policy" . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2012, ISBN 978-3-531-18611-5 , p. 221 .
  20. ↑ Mechtild Rössler: "Science and living space". Geographical research on the East under National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the discipline of geography. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin, Hamburg 1990, p. 141 .
  21. ↑ Wolfgang Benz u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of National Socialism . Stuttgart 1997, p. 600.
  22. ^ Rolf-Dieter Müller: Hitler's Eastern War and German Settlement Policy. The cooperation between the armed forces, business and the SS . Frankfurt / M. 1991, ISBN 3-596-10573-0 , p. 95.
  23. ^ Michael A. Hartenstein: New village landscapes. National Socialist settlement planning in the "integrated eastern areas" 1939 to 1944. Dr. Karl Köster, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-89574-295-3 , p. 52 .
  24. ^ Michael A. Hartenstein: New village landscapes. National Socialist settlement planning in the "integrated eastern areas" 1939 to 1944. Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-89574-295-3 , p. 274-278 .
  25. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 202 .
  26. ^ Gert Gröning; Joachim Wolschle-Bulmahn: The urge to go east: to develop land management during National Socialism and during the Second World War in the "integrated eastern areas" . Munich: Minerva 1987 (Love for the Landscape Part 3), work on the socio-scientifically oriented open space planning. 9, p. 42.
  27. ↑ See Federal Archives R 113/2439
  28. ↑ Venhoff 2000, p. 70.
  29. ↑ Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning, Andreas Kübler (ed.): Chronicle of construction and space. History and prehistory of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning . Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-8030-0667-7 , p. 300 f .
  30. ^ Gerhard Isenberg: The working group for economic spatial research . In: Hochschule für Politik (Hrsg.) Jahrbuch 1939. Berlin: Junker and Dünnhaupt Verlag 1939, pp. 438, 440.
  31. ↑ The war-important research program of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung . In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung , Ed. Konrad Meyer, 1939, p. 502.
  32. ↑ a b Andreas Kübler, Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (ed.): Chronicle of construction and space. History and prehistory of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning . Tübingen, Berlin 2007, p. 314.
  33. ↑ Klaus Becker: The journal space research and spatial planning 1936-2006. An overview. In: ARL (Hrsg.): Raumforschung und Raumordnung . Hanover 2006, p. 512-523 .
  34. ↑ See Konrad Bildstein: The Dr. Hellmuth plan. Its basics and its development. In: spatial research and spatial planning. Monthly publication of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung. Volume 2, 1938, pp. 46-53.
  35. ↑ The series was continued as "Treatises" between 1950 and 1988 by the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning.