Friedrich Bülow (political economist)

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Friedrich Max Martin Bülow (born January 23, 1890 in Hamburg , † August 10, 1962 in Berlin ) was a German economist and sociologist who was one of the three "main scientific clerks" for the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung (RAG) during the Nazi era had worked in Berlin. During the Nazi era, Bülow published especially those writings that dealt with thinkers from the agrarian and folklore fields ( JH Thünen , G. Ruhland , WH Riehl ). After 1945 Bülow held a professorship at the Free University of Berlin . Bülow was among other things co-editor of the “ Dictionary of Sociology ” and the “ Dictionary of Economics ”.

Studied and started working in the 1920s

Friedrich Bülow grew up as the son of Emilie and Friedrich August Ludwig Bülow in Hamburg. Easter 1909 he passed the final exam at the secondary school of the Johanneum in Hamburg. From the summer semester of 1909 until the outbreak of war in 1914, Bülow studied "Philosophy and Social Sciences" at Leipzig University . His teachers included representatives of the so-called early 'Leipzig School' ( Wilhelm Wundt , Karl Bücher, etc.) and other economists and philosophers ( Wilhelm Windelband , Franz Eulenburg , Johann Plenge ). Only interrupted by his service as a war volunteer in World War I (until 1919), Bülow continued his studies after the end of the war in Leipzig and received his doctorate there in the summer of 1920 with a doctoral thesis on Hegel's social philosophy under Johannes Volkelt . In the period immediately after the end of the war, Bülow was also a student at the Leipzig Trade College ; he studied "now above all political economy". According to Otto Stammer, Bülow was also influenced by Paul Barth , Theodor Litt and Hans Freyer .

Since Bülow could not find a permanent job at a university in the 1920s, he worked as a private scholar and writer during this time. A series of writings emerged that dealt with thinkers and, in part, their works: Hegel , Spinoza , Adam Müller , Adam Smith . Bülow also published several times on Friedrich List .

In March 1922, Bülow married Luise Seemann.

It was only when the National Socialists came to power that Bülow opened up late opportunities for a career. From the spring of 1932 he worked on setting up a National Socialist business magazine. In 1935 Bülow also published in the "Braunen Wirtschafts-Post", the organ of the Düsseldorf Institute for Estates .

Professional advancement under National Socialism

During the first years of the dictatorship, Bülow worked as a research assistant and lecturer for social and economic philosophy at the University of Leipzig. From 1933 to 1936 he headed the (National Socialist) " Ständische Arbeitsgemeinschaft " at the university, which brought together "students of economics and men of business practice".

Bülow completed his habilitation under Kurt Wiedenfeld at the University of Leipzig in June 1935 . In 1936 his habilitation thesis " Gustav Ruhland - a German peasant thinker in the fight against economic liberalism and Marxism " appeared as special issue 120 of the "Reports on Agriculture" in Parey-Verlag . In December 1936 he was given a lectureship in political economy. (Page 289)

A rehabilitation took place in August 1937 at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, where he was appointed full professor in 1940 (Faculty of Law and Political Science). In the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung, which was founded at the end of 1935, Bülow worked from spring 1937 onwards as the "main scientific clerk". Until the beginning of the war, this was done under the leadership of the multifunctional Konrad Meyer (who held a professorship for agricultural policy ) and who had also invited Bülow to come. Ariane Leendertz emphasizes similarities with regard to the approach of a "folk-organic" science between Bülow and Konrad Meyer.

With a view to the numerous social science work within spatial research, Bülow saw "social space research" in the making in the Nazi state.

During the war, Bülow u. a. involved in the dispute about the system of central locations ( Walter Christaller ) used in Nazi spatial planning and criticized it as too abstract, not sufficiently empirically founded and not following Nazi ideology. Even with the Location Theory of Alfred Weber Billow sat apart in a similar way. Bülow also worked on working groups that defined “central locations” as part of the RAG's war research program and designed comprehensive settlement scenarios for the “integrated eastern regions” in particular. In 1941, Bülow was appointed full professor and director of the newly established Economics Institute at Friedrich Wilhelms University . Bülow was at times co-editor of the RAG magazine " Raumforschung und Raumordnung ". During this time he also taught at the Eberswalde Forestry University , temporarily serving as deputy head of the local university study group for spatial research and as dean of the agricultural faculty at Berlin University. In the "last months of the war, Bülow also represented Konrad Meyer, who was at the front, as head of the Institute for Agriculture and Agricultural Policy ."

In her biographical entry in 1959, Gerda Engelhard wrote about Bülow - without even mentioning Nazi spatial research and Bülow's exposed role in it - in his "spatial sociological studies", Bülow justifiably had " human-thing and human-space relationships as the subject of sociology "addressed.

Economist and sociologist in post-war Germany

When the Free University of Berlin was founded (1948), Bülow became a full professor of economics and sociology. Prior to that, he had already taught at the TU Berlin (economics and agricultural policy) and at the agricultural faculty. Bülow also took on teaching duties at the Berlin University Institute for Economics (forerunner of today's Berlin University of Economics and Law).

At the Free University of Berlin, Bülow was promoted to director of the Economics Seminar and was also the first elected dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the Free University of Berlin.

In 1955, together with Wilhelm Bernsdorf , Bülow published the first edition of the “ Dictionary of Sociology ”. Bernsdorf noted in the foreword to the 2nd edition of the dictionary in 1969 that the content had now been significantly expanded:

"Friedrich Bülow, who was in charge of the first edition of the dictionary as my co-editor, was already seriously ill when the thought of a new version took shape. He died in August 1962. At the end of my work I remember him and the other employees who did it Do not live to see the book appear again. " (Preface to the second edition, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1969)

For this second edition, Bülow wrote the titles " Community ", " Sociability ", " Society ", " Home ", " Sociologism ", " Universalism " and " Association ". Together with Oswald von Nell-Breuning , Bülow worked on the lemma " Solidarism (solidarity principle)". In the three-volume paperback edition of the dictionary (from 1972) published by Fischer-Verlag , which has been revised and updated, the lemmas "Community", "Society", "Sociologism" and "Association" were named as original contributions. Bülow also made contributions to the "International Sociological Lexicon" (Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1959), u. a. about Adam Müller, Karl Bücher, Hans Freyer , Otto Kühne and Kurt Breysig .

The Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning in Hanover accepted Bülow together with other social scientists in 1953 as a "full member". In 1957 Bülow retired.

Friedrich Bülow died in Berlin in 1962 at the age of 72 and was buried in the Dahlem forest cemetery. The grave has not been preserved.

Publications (selection)

  • The developments of the Hegelian social philosophy . Leipzig 1920.
  • The German corporate state . National Socialist Community Policy and Economic Organization , Leipzig: Kröner 1934.
  • Economics , 1931, 3 1934, new 1957 (see below).
  • Gustav Ruhland (habilitation paper). In: Reports on Agriculture, 120th Special, 1936.
  • Spatial planning. Spatial research before new tasks . In: The four-year plan. Journal for National Socialist Economic Policy, 1938, pp. 688-689 (Bülow's report on the Graz conference of the RAG)
  • Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl and German economics . In: Journal for the entire political science, 98th volume, 1938.
  • Spatial planning, spatial research and economics . In Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 47. Vol. (1938 I), pp. 300–321.
  • (later edition together with Heinz Langen) Dictionary of Economics . Leipzig: Kröner's pocket edition 1936, 4th expanded edition in conjunction with Heinz Langen, 1963, 5th edition 1967.
  • On the problem of the concept of space . In: Archive for economic planning, 1st volume, 1st issue (1941), pp. 137-149.
  • Friedrich List and European spatial planning . In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 6th year (1942), issue 10/11, pp. 315–364.
  • Großraumwirtschaft, Weltwirtschaft und Raumordnung , Koehler, Leipzig 1941 (1943, 2nd edition).
  • Thünen as a space thinker. In: Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Vol. 65, 1950.
  • Alfred Vierkandt as a sociologist . In: Schmollers Jahrbuch Vol. 73, 1953.
  • On the philosophy and sociology of space and spatial planning . In: "Raumforschung und Raumordnung" 11, 1953, Issue 2, pp. 69–73.
  • The career choice . In: Cologne Journal for Sociology, 5th year (1952/53), issue 2/3.
  • (together with Wilhelm Bernsdorf ): Dictionary of Sociology . Stuttgart 1955.
  • Economics. An introduction to economic and social science thinking . Berlin, Frankfurt / M. 1957
  • Agricultural Sociology (Agriculture II). In: Concise dictionary of the social sciences . Volume 6, Stuttgart, Tübingen, Göttingen 1959.
  • Friedrich List. An economist fights for Germany's unity. (Personality and History; 16). Musterschmidt, Göttingen / Zurich / Frankfurt 1959, ISBN 3-7881-0016-8 .
  • Basics, development and importance of the agricultural faculty at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin until 1945. In: Hans Leussing, Eduart Neumann, Georg Kotowski (Hrsg.): Studium Berolinense: Essays and contributions to problems of science and to the history of the Friedrich Wilhelms University of Berlin. Berlin: de Gruyter 1960.
  • Space and economic order . In: ARL (Hrsg.): Hand dictionary of space research. Hanover 1966.

literature

  • Otto Stammer , Karl Thalheim (ed.): Festgabe for Friedrich Bülow on the 70th birthday . Berlin 1960. (with a complete bibliography of Bülow's writings).
  • HG Rasch: Lemma Friedrich Bülow . In: Internationales Soziologenlexikon, Volume 1: Articles on sociologists who died by the end of 1969, Stuttgart 1980, 2nd, revised edition, p. 63f.
  • Academy for spatial research and regional planning (ed.): 50 years of ARL in facts . ARL, Hannover 1996, p. 140.
  • Karl-Heinz Noack, Steffen Rückl: Agricultural economists at the Berlin University 1933-1945. From the expulsion of unwanted university lecturers to the preparation of the "General Plan East" . In: Rüdiger vom Bruch , Christoph Jahr with the collaboration of Rebecca Schaarschmidt: The Berlin University during the Nazi era. Volume II: Departments and Faculties. Stuttgart 2005, pp. 89-91.
  • Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar (1931, 1961).

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Annex to the report of the Rector of the Berlin School of Economics from September 6, 1937: curriculum vitae of the lecturer Dr. habil. Friedrich Max Martin Bülow . In: Archives of the Humboldt University of Berlin, inventory of the Business School No. 603/1, p. 287.
  2. ↑ a b c Gerda Engelhard: Lemma Bülow, Friedrich . In: Wilhelm Bernsdorf (Ed.): Internationales Soziologenlexikon. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1959, p. 73.
  3. ^ Otto Stammer: Friedrich Bülow as a sociologist . In: Otto Stammer, Karl C. Thalheim (Hrsg.): Festgabe for Friedrich Bülow on the 70th birthday. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1960, p. 23.
  4. ^ Friedrich Bülow: Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl. The sociologist of the German Volkstum (1823-1897) . In: Braune Wirtschafts-Post 4 (1935), 5, pp. 138-140.
  5. ↑ Annex to the report of the rector of the Berlin School of Economics from September 6, 1937: curriculum vitae of the lecturer Dr. habil. Friedrich Max Martin Bülow . In: Archive of the Humboldt University of Berlin, inventory of the Business School No. 603/1, p. 288.
  6. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 123 .
  7. ^ Friedrich Bülow: Großraumwirtschaft, Weltwirtschaft und Raumordnung . Leipzig: Koehler 1941, p. 9.
  8. ↑ Ariane Leendertz: Creating order. German spatial planning in the 20th century. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 124 .
  9. ^ Karl-Heinz Noack, Steffen Rückl: Agrarian Economists of the Berlin University 1933-1945. From the expulsion of unwanted university lecturers to the preparation of the "General Plan East" . In: Rüdiger vom Bruch , Christoph Jahr with the collaboration of Rebecca Schaarschmidt: The Berlin University during the Nazi era. Volume II: Departments and Faculties. Stuttgart 2005, p. 91.
  10. ↑ For the first edition (1955) Bülow also wrote the lemmas: anarchism, poverty, occupation, property, wholeness, social laws, individualism, capitalism, collectivism, love, luxury, middle class, fashion, security social, social, social anthropology, socialism , Social philosophy, sociology, substance and function, technology, space and time, environment, association, economy.
  11. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 578.
personal data
SURNAME Bülow, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bülow, Friedrich Max Martin (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German economist and sociologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 23, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH August 10, 1962
Place of death Berlin