Gertrud Kraut (ceramist)

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Gertrud Kraut (born January 23, 1883 in Strasbourg ; † December 26, 1980 in Marienwerder near Hanover ) was a German ceramist , artist and entrepreneur who was among the elite of German handicrafts from the early 1920s and with her work at important exhibitions was represented.

Life

Gertrud Kraut was born into a middle-class family in 1883 in the capital of what was then the realm of Alsace-Lorraine during the founding of the German Empire .

From 1901 and officially until 1912, Kraut lived in the Röhrs house in Hanover, which was built by the architect Heinrich Tramm for the family of the late merchant, cloth merchant and senator Heinrich Bernhard Röhrs in the years 1854 to 1855 at Schiffgraben 1 and director of the Henriettenstift Theodor Lindemann in 1883. The building, which the ceramist described more than half a century later in a letter to the art historian Georg Hoeltje and which she compared, among other things, with the Villa Kaulbach named by the family around the painter Friedrich Kaulbach , was acquired by the Hannoversche Landeskreditanstalt in 1912 and in 1913 demolished in favor of a new building for the credit institution.

From 1909 to 1913, Kraut trained at the Debnitz School in Munich . One of the main clients there was Hermann Bahlsen , who regularly placed orders with the Munich educational institution and ceramic workshop for his H. Bahlsen biscuit factory in Hanover. Around 1912/1913 Gertrud Kraut, who headed the ceramic class at the Debschitz School, won a competition organized by Bahlsen, which resulted in an earthenware pot with a lid glazed in white, light and dark blue by the ceramic workshop W. v. Debschitz was produced in Munich, shown as an exhibit in Cologne at the exhibition of the Deutscher Werkbund in 1914 and later became part of the Neue Sammlung . When Krauts headmaster then took over the management of the municipal arts and crafts school in Hanover in 1914 , Kraut also moved to Hanover in the same year, where she settled as a self-employed artist in the city where her sponsor Hermann Bahlsen had his company headquarters. In parallel to this activity, she studied glaze chemistry in 1914 and 1915 at what was then the Technical University of Hanover.

After the First World War , at the beginning of the Weimar Republic in 1919 , Kraut founded her first own ceramic workshop in Duingen by taking over the workshop of the old Lampe family and hiring employees and even apprentices there. These produced decorative ceramics such as vases, boxes and small sculptures based on Kraut's designs, which Kraut then sold at handicraft exhibitions.

Around 1920 Gertrud Kraut had taught the 13-year-old and other children in Hanover in the parents' house of the later ceramicist Hedwig Bollhagen in drawing, handicrafts and art viewing. Bollhagen then visited Gertrud Kraut in Duingen in order to "look over the shoulder" of her role model while working there - and from 1926 was to become one of Kraut's best-known pupils.

After about two years of successful work, Gertrud Kraut moved her workshop to Hameln in 1922, in order to operate it there as a GmbH, initially under the company name Niederdeutsche Werkstätten für Hauskunst GmbH, Hameln Ceramic Department .

A few years later, Gertrud Kraut, again as a partner , founded Hamelner Töpferei GmbH in 1926 , the management of which was Dr. Georg Rawirtscher took over. The company later expanded and adopted manufacturing methods from the industry, and its high-quality and progressive design in particular was continued until 1966. However, Gertrud Kraut left the Hamelin potters the following year after it was founded, in order to start a ceramics activity in Hildesheim in 1927 . Also in 1927 she became a founding member of the Association of German and Austrian Artists' Associations of All Art Genres ( GEDOK ), Hanover local group, which later became GEDOK Lower Saxony- Hanover .

From 1930 Kraut ran an art pottery at Listerstraße 17 in Hanover, in the List district where Kurt Biermann was appointed managing director of her company.

In the seizure of power by the National Socialists Gertrud Kraut came in 1933 from the Hanoverian her established company and moved into a Protestant convent, the monastery Wülfinghausen near Hanover. Around 1935 she made artistic designs for the Hameln pottery that she had founded in Hameln and is still producing there.

literature

  • Alfred Digit: Pottery Art Between Art Nouveau and Modernism. The Lower Saxony ceramist Gertrud Kraut , in:
  • Christina R. Hirschochs : Gertrud Kraut, ceramist; born on January 23, 1883 in Strasbourg, died on December 26, 1980 in Marienwerder near Hanover. In: Art and Antiques. Journal for art lovers, collectors and museums , issue 4 from 1991, pp. 34–37
  • Art of the 20s and 30s
  • Andrea Germer (Ed.): Daughters of Time , Vol. 1: Hildesheim women from eight centuries , researched and presented by the history group in the Frauen-Labyrinth-Projekt Region Hildesheim eV, Hildesheim: Gerstenberg, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8067- 8719-1 , pp. 167-170.
  • The Hamelin pottery and the Gertrud Kraut pottery . In: sound studio. Exhibition newspaper for the exhibition “From applied arts to design” in Bielefeld 1998, Bielefeld, 1998.
  • Walter Kambartel : De-individualization and typification as ways to a ceramic-specific "shape without ornament": On the history of the Hamelin pottery and the Gertrud Kraut pottery between art, craft and industry. In: Ton-Studio: Exhibition newspaper for the exhibition “From Applied Arts to Design” in Bielefeld, Bielefeld, 1998.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ In contrast to this, the Leibniz Library mentions the year 1931; See above: Kraut, Gertrud in the database of Niedersächsische Personen (new entry required) of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library in processing on December 12, 2012, last accessed on June 7, 2018

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k o.V. : Kraut, Gertrud in the database of Niedersächsische Personen (new entry required) of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library in processing on December 12, 2012, last accessed on June 7, 2018
  2. ↑ a b c d e o. V .: Gertrud Kraut - from the beginnings in Duingen to the Hamelin pottery , short biography on the occasion of the exhibition in the Duingen Pottery Museum from January 9 to February 27, 2005 with works by the artist and her potters at the Page toepfermuseum-duingen.de [ undated ], last accessed on July 22, 2017
  3. ↑ Compare, for example, the address book of the royal capital and residence city of Hanover for the year 1856, Adress- und Wohnungsanzeiger , p. 195; Digitized on the GWLB website
  4. ↑ a b Reinhard Glaß: Tramm, Christian Heinrich in the database architects and artists with direct reference to Conrad Wilhelm Hase (1818–1902) on the page glass-portal.privat.t-online.de [ undated ], last accessed on July 22, 2017
  5. ↑ a b Compare Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 23-25 ​​(1969), pp. 208, 256; Preview over google books
  6. ↑ a b c Compare Eugen Leitherer , Hans Wichmann : Gertrud Kraut: Ceramic box for Bahlsen, approx. 1912/13 , in this: Charm and shell. Designed goods packaging of the 19th and 20th centuries , Basel; Boston; Stuttgart: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1987, ISBN 978-3-7643-1827-7 and ISBN 3-7643-1827-9 , p. 169; Preview with an image of the cookie jar from Google Books
  7. ↑ a b Wulf Herzogenrath (Ed.): The West German Impulse 1900 - 1914. Art and environmental design in the industrial area , part of the volume Die Deutsche Werkbund-Ausstellung, Cöln 1914 , publication on the occasion of the exhibition at the Kölner Kunstverein from March 24 to May 13, 1984, Düsseldorf: Art Museum [u. a.], 1984, p. 200 et al .; Preview over google books
  8. ^ Karl H. Bröhan (arrangement): Paintings, sculptures, handicrafts, industrial design (= Karl H. Bröhan Collection, Berlin , vol. 3), Berlin [West, Matterhornstrasse 42]: KH Bröhan, 1985, ISBN 978-3- 9800083-2-7 and ISBN 3-9800083-2-0 , p. 193; Preview over google books
  9. ↑ Peter Dörrie: Hedwig Bollhagen and das Pottland / Our man from Berlin: What Germany's best-known ceramicist had in common with Duingen ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in the magazine seven , issue 11/2007, on the page seven-region.de last accessed on July 22, 2017 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sieben-region.de
  10. ^ O. V .: Die GEDOK eV ... on the page gedok-niedersachsenhannover.de [ undated ], last accessed on July 22, 2017
  11. ↑ a b c Christine Kannenberg, Sabine Poppe (Red.): Important women in Hanover. Help for future naming of streets, paths, squares and bridges according to female personalities , brochure, ed. from the state capital Hanover, the Lord Mayor, Department for Women and Equal Opportunities as well as Planning and Urban Development, June 2013, p. 8
  12. ^ Helmut Zimmermann : Lister Straße , in ders .: The street names of the state capital Hanover . Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 162
personal data
SURNAME Kraut, Gertrud
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ceramist, artisan and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH January 23, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Strasbourg
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1980
Place of death Marienwerder before Hanover