Gertrud von Büchel

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Berlin manuscript, written by Gertrud von Büchel

Gertrud von Büchel (* 1467 in the Cologne - Bonn area, probably in Dottendorf ; † October 7, 1543 in Rolandswerth ) was a German abbess , calligrapher and book illustrator .

Life

Gertrud von Büchel (also simply: Gertrud Buchel) came from the Cologne knight and patrician family Büchel (also van dem Buchel, von Buchell, Buggele, Buchelius, etc.). She was a daughter of Johann von Buchell the Elder. Ä. (* around 1420/30; † after 1466), married to Agnes von Stromberg (* around 1420/30; † after 1466), daughter of Stadtschultheiß Johann (Henne) von Strombergh († around 1451) from Hachenburg and N. von Betzdorf . Her nephews included the Electorate of Cologne Councilor Dietrich von Büchel (around 1505/15; † 1552) and the Electorate of Trier , later Electorate of Cologne Councilor Heinrich von Büchel (around 1510/15; † 1597).

She learned to paint book illustrations in the Augustinian Choir Monastery of Engeltaler Kloster in Bonn, where she spent half a year. She soon became a valued calligrapher.

Gertrud von Büchel knew Latin and had a humanistic education:

“Finitus et completus est liber iste per me sororem girdrudym buchel professam monialem Insule rolandi anni domini Milesimo quadragintesimo nonagesimo septimo in vigilia mathie apostoli. Oretis dominum deum pro me. ”-“ This book was finished and completed by me, Sister Gertrudis Buchel, nun of Rolandswerth, in the year of the Lord 1497 on the feast of the apostle Matthias. Pray for me to the Lord God. "

- Colophon of Gertrud von Büchel in the Berlin manuscript, sheet 143 v

Gertrud von Büchel lived as a Benedictine in the monastery Rolandswerth (also: Nonnenwerth ) near Remagen , which had joined the Benedictine reform movement of the Bursfeld congregation in 1465 . Her sister Demudis von Buchel († 1507) was abbess of the monastery from 1490 to 1507. According to the Rolandswerth monastery chronicle, Gertrud wrote and illustrated two graduals and four antiphonals , among other things . According to Johannes Butzbach, she also illustrated choir books that had been written by the Laach monks Gerhard (Baldewin) von Vreden and Peter von Weiden.

In 1493 she wrote a Latin treatise by the Johannisberg abbot Conrad von Rodenberg († 1486) on the members of Mary; this manuscript is now in the Library of Congress . A breviar written by her is now in the Gotha Research Library.

Johannes Butzbach called Piemontanus (1478–1516), prior of the Maria Laach Abbey, dedicated his work Libellus de praeclaris picturae professoribus ad Gertrudem sanctimonialem, insignem pictricem in insula Rolandi to Gertrud von Büchel in 1505 as thanks for the paintings she had made by Thomas von Weiden († 1530) to Laach. In the letter he mentions her studies and above-average scientific knowledge ( tua lectione et studio (quum non mediocriter litteras calles) ) and her " intellectual strength ennobled by the study of the beautiful sciences and literature" ( ingenium tuum nobilissimum tam bonarum litterarum et scripturarum studiis ) . Just like in her learned fellow sister Aleidis Raiscop , he saw in Gertrud an exemplary religious.

Gertrud von Büchel succeeded her sister as abbess from 1507 to 1543. Emperor Maximilian I (1459–1519), who had already been to Rolandswerth once in 1486, visited the monastery in 1508 during her reign and took it under his protection. From around 1517 Rolandswerth was under the supervision of Groß St. Martin in Cologne.

In 1513, 1516 and 1528 Gertrud von Büchel was mentioned in a document as the abbess of the women's convent on the Werth near Rolandseck (Rolandswerth).

In 1535 Gertrud declared, her two deceased brothers - Heinrich von Büchel († before 1525) and Johann von Büchel the Elder. J. († before 1535) - to have borrowed 240 guilders from the monastery treasury, and left this debt to their nephews Dietrich (* around 1505/15; † 1552), Heinrich (* around 1510/15; † 1597), Konrad ( † after 1553) and Johann van Buchel († after 1536).

Gertrud von Büchel's successor as abbess was Apollonia von der Heiden († 1558), probably her niece or another relative of her brother-in-law Johann von der Heyden (* around 1475; † 1541/48).

The gravestone for Gertrud von Büchel was destroyed by the Swedes in 1632.

Gertrud von Büchel was an aunt of the canon Hubert van Buchell (1513–1599), donor of the city library (today: University Library) and the van Buchell Foundation in Utrecht , a son of her brother Edmund von Buchell (around 1463–1548), the Drosten von Büren and Beusichem in Gelderland, and a great-aunt of the Dutch humanist Arnoldus Buchelius (1565–1641).

swell

  • Latin manuscript of Gertrud von Büchel: Conrad von Rodenberg: Tractatu [lu] s de membris beatae et intemeratae Dei genitricis [et virginis] Mariae, Intitulatus vinea Domini Sabaoth , 1493 (Library of Congress Washington, DC, Otto Vollbehr Collection, MS 92)
  • Rhine-Franconian manuscript of Gertrud von Büchel: Office of the Dead, 2nd half of the 15th century (Gotha Research Library, Memb. II 158, formerly owned by Franz Heinrich von Büchel)
  • Lower Rhine manuscript of Gertrud von Büchel: Ordinarius et Caerimoniae ordinis s. Benedicti de observantia Bursfeldensi , 1497 ( Berlin State Library - Prussian Cultural Heritage, Ms. Germ. 4 o 555, formerly owned by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben , acquired by him in Bonn in 1819)
  • Johannes Butzbach: Johannis piemontani opusculum de claris pictricibus ad Gertrudem Sanctimonialem . In: Alwin Schultz : Johannes Butzbach's "Libellus de praeclaris picture professioribus" published from the Bonn manuscript . In: Jahrbücher für Kunstwissenschaft 2 (1869), pp. 60–72, esp. Pp. 62–72 ( Google Books )
    • (German translation after Otto Pelka) Margaret Daly Davis (Ed.): Johannes Butzbach: 'De praeclaris picturae professoribus' (From the famous painters) (1505) (Fontes sources and documents on art 1350–1750 30), Heidelberg 2009, P. 23–33 ( digitized version of Heidelberg University Library)

literature

  • Heinrich Joseph Floß: The Rolandswerth Monastery . In: Annals of the Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 19 (1868), pp. 76-219, especially pp. 93f., 143, 147, 149f. ( Google Books )
  • Maria Paula: History of the island of Nonnenwerth . Regensburg 1904, pp. 42-46 Internet Archive .
  • Hadamud Heinen: Contributions to the history of the Rolandswerth (Nonnenwerth) monastery . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 128 (1936), pp. 1–41, here pp. 35f.
  • Jeffrey F. Hamburger: Nuns As Artists. The Visual Culture of a Medieval Convent , University of California Press, Berkeley / Los Angeles / London 1997 [with an illustration (Fig. 117) from sheet 8r of the Berlin manuscript on p. 210] ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  • Cynthia J. Cyrus: The Scribes for Women's Convents in Late Medieval Germany , University of Toronto Press, Toronto / Buffalo / London 2009, especially pp. 85, 176–178, 230, 246, 256, 258 and 287 ( Google Books ; limited preview).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 161 Rolandswerth (nuns), Benedictine nunneries, certificate 17); on family relationships cf. also Marinus Paulus Smissaert: Genealogy van Buchell naar een onuitgegeven Hs. met gekleurde Wapens versiert . In: De Navorscher 45 (1895), pp. 524-529 ( digitized in the Internet Archive); Dietrich Hörold (edit.): The documents of the archives of Burg Rösberg (inventories of non-state archives 26), Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1981, pp. 39–41, and numerous trial files in the NRW regional archives, Rhineland Duisburg department (holdings of the Reich Chamber of Commerce); For details → Büchel (family) .
  2. ↑ Cf. JF Hamburger: Nuns , p. 284, note 146, based on a communication from Peter Jörg Becker; somewhat more precise August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben: Bibliotheca Hoffmanni Fallerslebensis , self-published, Leipzig 1846, p. 5f. ( Google Books ); see also the manuscript in Washington.
  3. ↑ Your grave inscription was written by the humanist Jakob Siberti (1485-1519) from Münstereifel, monk of Maria Laach Abbey; see Bertram Resmini: The Benedictine Abbey of Laach . Berlin / New York 1993, p. 421f. ( Digitized at Germania Sacra online); Delivered in the manuscript of the Bonn University Library Cod. S 0247, sheet 83r-v, printed by Floß p. 149f.
  4. ↑ Bertram Resmini: The Benedictine Abbey Laach . Berlin / New York 1993, p. 417f ( digitized from Germania Sacra online).
  5. ↑ Also Petrus de Wyda; from Weiden near Würselen , Benedictine monk, ordained priest in Maria Laach in 1498/99, novice master from 1500 to 1502, pastor (folk priest) in Kruft in 1502 . See Bertram Resmini: The Benedictine Abbey of Laach . Berlin / New York 1993, p. 456 ( digitized from Germania Sacra online).
  6. ↑ Also Konrad Barscerier (Barsierer), Benedictine, probably from the Netherlands, in 1468 Abbot of monastery Johannisberg; see. Sylvia Countess Brockdorff, Johannes Burckhart: Johannesberg / Rheingau . In: Friedheim Jürgensmeier, Franziskus Büll, Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger (eds.): The Benedictine monks and nuns in Hessen (Germania Benedictina 7), Klosterverlag, St. Ottilien 2004, pp. 666–697, esp. Pp. 672–674 .
  7. ^ Klaus Graf : Tilmann von Grünberg (not: Dulmaniensis), the first prior of the Windesheim reform in Ravengiersburg, as a clerical author . In: Order history of May 25, 2013 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Klaus Graf: Gertrud Büchel, Benedictine nun in Nonnenwerth . In: Archivalia of July 6, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Manuscript of the Bonn University Library Cod. S 0356, sheet 131.
  10. ↑ Confessor of the Rolandswerth Monastery, later abbot of Maria Laach from 1512 to 1529, see Bertram Resmini: The Benedictine Abbey of Laach . Berlin / New York 1993, pp. 378-380 ( digitized from Germania Sacra online).
  11. ^ Letter of protection issued in Boppard on July 2, 1508; Preliminary certificate of a certificate from Emperor Ferdinand II from 1630 in the main state archive in Koblenz (inventory 161 Rolandswerth (nuns), Benedictine monastery, certificate 25); Text of the certificate from Joachim Heinrich Hennes: The Nonnenwerth monastery . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 21/22 (1870), pp. 71–81, especially pp. 75–77 ( Google Books ).
  12. ↑ Historical Archives of the City of Cologne (Best. 228 Karmeliter, Document 1/166; see also Document 2/146).
  13. ↑ Document of November 18, 1516; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (3.1 bequests, party, club, family archives, holdings 1042 Groote, family von, old signatures 69a and 69b).
  14. ↑ Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (holdings 3 main document archives - supplements, document 2/424)
  15. ↑ Cf. also Regest of August 10, 1535 in Anonymus: Analyze critique de la Collection des Diplomes ... du cabinet de Mr. le comte CW de Renesse-Breidbach . (Collection de Diplomes). Ancelle, Antwerp 1836, p. 249 (No. 2186).
  16. ^ Author added from a manuscript (No. 15) from Schönau Monastery in the Wiesbaden State Library; see. Hermann Herbst: The Benedictine monastery Klus near Gandersheim and the Bursfeld reform . 1932, p. 67. Further parallel manuscripts are listed by Ferdinand Wilhelm Emil Roth: Abbot Konrad Rodenberg von Johannisberg . In: Nassovia 16 (1915), pp. 5-7, esp. P. 6f ( PDF ; 3.3 MB).
  17. ↑ Cf. August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben: Mein Leben , Vol. I, Carl Rümpler, Hannover 1868, p. 213 ( Google Books ). Entry in Manuscripta Mediaevalia: http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31251823,T .
personal data
SURNAME Büchel, Gertrud von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Buchel, Girdrudys; Buechel, Gertrude von; Buchell, Gertrudis von; Buchell, Gerdruydt von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German abbess, calligrapher and book illustrator
DATE OF BIRTH 1467
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne - Bonn area, uncertain: Dottendorf
DATE OF DEATH October 7, 1543
Place of death Rolandswerth