History of the prefabricated buildings in Cottbus

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The history of the prefabricated buildings in Cottbus describes the development of the prefabricated building method in the city of Cottbus , which after 1950 became a metropolis of the energy industry.

Development before 1990

Unrenovated prefabricated building in Sachsendorf

At the end of the Second World War, Cottbus was 60 percent destroyed; the reconstruction of the city took decades. The new residential construction began with individual buildings at various locations. Due to the decision of the SED to develop the Cottbus district into the coal and energy district of the GDR , the demand for living space for the required workers rose sharply. It was only possible to build quickly and inexpensively by using precast concrete parts with load-bearing elements of ceiling panels and wall panels. Industrial block construction began in 1965, before the installation of prefabricated structural elements was adopted. While the city of Cottbus had almost 70,000 inhabitants in 1962, the number of inhabitants increased to around 83,000 by 1970, and in September 1976 there were already 100,000 inhabitants. Cottbus was now considered a big city . In the area of ​​the city center up to the outskirts of Cottbus, several types of panel construction with different storey heights were built. The repertoire ranges from residential type Q3A to P2 to WBS 70 . Whole districts with the character of a new housing estate shape the image of the new city of Cottbus to this day.

General history of the development of prefabricated buildings

Blocks of flats on the Zusatzka

The Q3A type was the first type of construction in the GDR in the 1950s and 1960s. Three-, four- and five-story residential buildings were built in large series. In Cottbus, these were mainly built in the Spremberger suburb and the city center. Between 1976 and 1986 the large housing estate Sachsendorf / Madlow was built in prefabricated construction. There and in the Sandow district buildings of the apartment type P2 were built. P2 is a series of apartments that completely redefined living in the GDR at the beginning of the 1960s with open floor plans. Apartments could be built without load-bearing partition walls, for the first time by using wide-span ceilings six meters in length. An economical, resource-saving construction combined with increased living comfort was the declared goal of the development. The type P2 was developed by the Institute for Building Construction at the Bauakademie for area-wide use in the republic. In 1963, after a test run with over 32,000 visitors, who examined and rated 15 fully furnished model apartments, the Bauakademie carried out a housing construction competition. The first prize went to the P2 collective with Wilfried Stallknecht, Herbert Kuschy and Achim Felz. As a result, further model and experimental buildings were built in Berlin and Frankfurt (Oder) in 1964/1965 .

Modernized prefabricated building in Thiemstraße, near the train station

The so-called conception P2.12 by collective P2 was the basis. The stairwells and the bathroom / kitchen area moved from the facade to the interior of the building. The entire outer wall area could thus be used to light the living spaces. The wide window front is therefore characteristic of the P2 type. The functions of cooking, eating and living should be brought closer together in the apartment. The architects wanted to open up the space generously and at the same time save space. The bright living area provided plenty of light in the internal kitchens. The floor-to-ceiling display cabinet with hatch serves as a connecting element between the kitchen and living room. The hallway and bedroom were given floor-to-ceiling built-in wardrobes. The bathrooms were lifted into the shell in one piece as fully equipped sanitary rooms. Small and large apartments were created, mainly with a six-meter grid. The architects developed a so-called distribution corridor system for the ten-story building type. The elevators only stop on the fourth, seventh, and tenth floors. At the same time, the architects also developed the WBS 70 apartment type. Despite prefabrication, the P2 apartment building type could not achieve the desired savings; new solutions were sought.

Refurbished prefabricated building with condominiums Am Lug

In all parts of the GDR, the aim was to achieve maximum construction results with a few, standardized components and a reduced type catalog. From 1970 onwards, a “uniform construction system” was to be developed based on the resolution of the 5th construction conference of the Central Committee of the SED and the Council of Ministers of the GDR . The study, carried out by Wilfried Stallknecht and Achim Felz on behalf of the Ministry in 1969, formed the basis for an even more efficient mass production of components. This new residential series developed based on the building types P1, P2 and QP. WBS 70 became the most widespread panel building system in the GDR. In addition to residential construction, this type was also used in the construction of day-care centers. The architects did without the open floor plans developed ten years earlier. The concept of the spacious living room with an attached kitchen inside was abandoned, and two separate rooms were created again (living room and a kitchen with dining area). The stairwells were built back from the inside to the outside. Only the bathroom remained inside. The three-room apartment in the WBS 70 building type is significantly smaller than in the P2 type. The use of the rooms is now clearly specified by the graduated sizes. The residential building type WBS 70 was mainly created in the Neu-Schmellwitz district, but also sporadically in the districts of Sachsendorf / Madlow, Ströbitz and Sandow.

history

City center to Spremberger Vorstadt (from 1960)

At the beginning of 1964, the conceptual planning of the city center design began in order to underline the importance of the district town as the political, economic, scientific and cultural center of the district. In March 1965, the first demolition work began for the construction of the new city center west of the old town. In the city center, many old buildings, some of which are still in good condition, had to give way to the new buildings. In the 1970s, Cottbus was considered an industrial stronghold, and urban developers wanted to give the city center a new look. So a number of prefabricated buildings with pavilions in front of them were built . The ten-story residential slab in the city promenade 10-12 was built in 1969 and was designed by the architects G. Guder and W. Fichte. The residential floors were built in full reinforced concrete wall construction with one to five-room apartments. There were trading facilities on the ground floor. Steel-frame pavilions clad with glass and natural stone were also built on the city promenade. The buildings were used as a disco, bowling center, art gallery, café and tea room, among other things. The pavilions, the mocha milk ice cream bar and the pedestrian bridge have not been preserved.

Former Stadttor restaurant

Sttor.jpg
Currently vacant high-rise apartment building at Leipziger Strasse 12.

The bookstore in the city promenade, then known as "Jenny Marx", was built in 1969 based on a design by G. Baer. The two-storey building, an assembly building, has an outer wall coating made of chippings , colored glass and natural stone . Right next to it in the city promenade 8 is the restaurant "Frankys Rock Diner", then known under the name "Am Stadttor". In 1968 the building, designed by G. Baer and G. Berger, opened. The single-storey restaurant complex is built in reinforced concrete frame construction. At that time the restaurant and a self-service restaurant were on the ground floor, above that a roof terrace that is still in use today. In the entrance area, the wall was made from colored mosaic according to a design by Dieter Dressler and Heinrich Jungebloedt . In July 1984 the foundation stone for the Wendish quarter in the city center was laid. These houses were built on historic grounds between Berliner Platz and Oberkirchplatz. These are predominantly four and five-storey houses in prefabricated construction according to the INB 80 type (abbreviation for inner-city new building in the 80s). The houses were built with a fully assemblable mansard roof construction. What was particularly striking about these new houses were the colorful tile facades, which were designed by regional artists. But the distinctive gables with the mosaic pictures were also special features in the design. A fourteen-story high-rise residential building with 125 one-room apartments was built in 1966 at Leipziger Straße 12, built in full assembly using reinforced concrete wall construction. The outer wall cladding was clad with grit, the balcony parapets with ceramics and the base of the house with sandstone . There were shops on the first floor. The building type was a P2 panel building.

Sandow (from 1960)

At the beginning of the 1960s, the Sandow development area was built . Previously, areas that were undeveloped were used, but buildings had to be demolished for this urban area. Around 2,700 new apartments were built in the Sandow-Mitte area alone. Here houses between four and eleven storeys and variable building forms from apartment blocks, apartment blocks, central aisle and point houses were built. Four skyscrapers, so-called center aisle houses, were built on the Doll in the 1970s. In these houses, some apartments had two balconies. The first cube houses, designed by G. Guder, were built in 1970/1971 as five-storey residential buildings on a P2 basis with twenty residential units. A four-story corner building was built in 1974 at Jacques-Duclos-Platz 1–9. Shops were on the ground floor, while apartments were on the second to fourth floors. The new residential areas also included restaurants. For example, the restaurant "Mentana", designed by H. Kästner and M. Pietz, opened in 1971 as a supply facility. Here, too, it was a steel frame wall construction, the outer walls being designed with steel-aluminum windows and structured exposed concrete panels.

The "Sandower-Eck" restaurant, built in 1978 at Franz-Mehring-Straße 30, was designed by H. Losansky. The building, a single-storey ensemble, was a connecting structure with a library, built in reinforced concrete frame construction with masonry. The outer wall surfaces are set off with clinker bricks , colored chippings and exposed concrete . In April 1977 the HO restaurant “Kleines Spreewehr” opened directly on the Spree, also a modern, low-rise building of the WBS 70 type.

Ströbitz (1972)

The Ströbitz district is predominantly characterized by a building structure that has evolved over time. At the beginning of the 1970s, new WBS 70 buildings were built based on designs by W. Kühnel in Berliner Strasse and Brunschwigpark . The majority of the prefabricated apartment buildings were built in the P2 type. The construction of the education center was of great importance for the urban development. A complex with a wide variety of educational institutions.

Sachsendorf / Madlow (1975)

Green areas and renovated residential buildings in Gelsenkirchener Allee.

On February 1, 1975, the Jänschwalde power plant went into operation. In this context, living space was required for the employees. On September 17, 1975 the foundation stone was laid for a completely new residential area in the Sachsendorf / Madlow area. This district developed into the largest in Cottbus. The first 32 apartments were completed in January 1976. Around 12,500 apartments were built on an area of ​​around 130 hectares. Here, too, an area with the modern plate types, predominantly of the P2 type, was built in a varied manner. In 1980, an eleven-storey building was built at Hagenwerder Strasse 1–1b, consisting of three individual segments in a P2 construction. The facade was designed from white marble chippings with interspersed Meißen ceramic surfaces in geometric shapes. In Leninallee, today Gelsenkirchener Allee, eight and eleven-storey residential buildings of type P2 with shops and restaurants on the ground floor were built.

Schmellwitz / Neu-Schmellwitz (1983)

Refurbished apartment blocks on Hutungstrasse. In the foreground the Ernst-Mucke-Platz.

Until the end of 1971, the entire area was used for agriculture. Since lignite and energy production in the Cottbus district rose steadily, more and more jobs were created. Workers moved in and Cottbus developed into a modern city. In 1983 the Neu-Schmellwitz district started planning. Just one year later, mainly young families moved into the coveted five- to six-storey new apartments of the P2 and WBS 70 types. The district is located to the east and west of tram line 4, the center of the district is the Zusatzka. Many new Cottbusers had found their jobs in the neighboring Cottbus textile combine . A special feature of the development of this district are the houses built on stilts. To prevent the houses from sinking into the boggy subsoil, hundreds of concrete piles were driven deep into the earth using heavy technology through the existing peat layer.

Social and medical institutions

After 1960, the need for schools, kindergartens, department stores and cultural halls rose sharply. With the increasing number of inhabitants and the expansion of the city, the need for health and care facilities also increased. 1960 began z. B. the architect Heinz Kästner together with other architects, structural engineers and engineers in the VEB building project planning with the preliminary planning for an extensive construction of these objects. Despite the lack of technology and building materials, construction should be carried out quickly and economically. The building planners had the contract to find repeatable individual solutions for seven facilities. Objects of which in Cottbus were: the administration of the Reichsbahndirektion , the storage and utility building of the city ​​theater (since 1992 state theater) and an office building of the water management. A high point in construction activity was the extension of the polyclinic in Leipziger Strasse in 1978 . Twelve specialist departments were created on four floors. In contrast to the residential building in prefabricated construction and the public buildings of this type, a lower load level was necessary. As a prototype in the development phase of the “light storey construction”, the day care center “Friendship” was built in Hufelandstrasse in 1963/64. The kindergarten and crèche combination with 64 or 144 places was designed by the architect Dipl.-Ing. Drogan planned, the interiors were designed by students from the University of Fine Arts. On October 10, 1968, the Office for Invention and Patents granted the business patent for a “prefabricated house system, especially for company buildings” to the structural engineer Richard Thiele, Dipl.-Ing. Hermann Fröchtenigt and the architects Lothar Graper, Leo Kutz and Dipl.-Ing. Heinz Kästner.

BTU Cottbus canteen
BTU residential complex
Mochabar cosmos

H. Kästner then designed the two-tier Polytechnische Oberschule in Boxberg , which was built between 1968 and 1970 as an experimental building for the “Cottbus School Series”. Here, artistic designs were integrated into the facades. But other school building types such as the “Erfurt” type were also used. This type of school is a typical double location in which two buildings are connected along the specialist room building. In 1968 in the Sandow district alone, six new schools in four different variants were built. The GDR education center close to the city center, construction of which began in 1969, was unique of its kind: dormitories, cafeteria and teaching buildings were built in the panel construction style. The large lecture hall of the education center was single-storey and was built according to designs by E. Kühn in a reinforced concrete frame construction. The hall had no windows and the outer wall surfaces were coated in strips with red and white grit. According to designs by H.Hammer, M. Woitzik and W.Pradel, the associated cafeteria was built in 1973 using a reinforced concrete mixed construction. A plan for a new city center was also drawn up in 1965 parallel to the peripheral new residential areas, which was implemented by the mid-1970s. The “Konsument Warenhaus” (today Galeria Kaufhof) opened in October 1968. This was a three-story prefabricated building. The outer wall was designed with steel-aluminum windows and structured exposed concrete panels. In October 1969, on the 20th birthday of the Republic, the mocha milk ice cream bar "Kosmos", also known as "Sternchen", opened. Designed by J. Streitparth and G. Wessel, it was a single-storey building with a star-shaped floor plan. On July 18, 1970, the Hotel Lausitz opened its doors. It had 214 rooms with 345 beds, a restaurant with 200 seats and a conference room.

Station building side view to the right of the main entrance

The architect Eberhard Kühn won the Cottbus district competition for the construction of the Cottbus town hall . The town hall was inaugurated in October 1975. During the renovation in early 2000, the typical architectural style of the 1970s was retained. Construction of the Cottbus Textile Combine (TKC) began in the north of the city at the end of 1968. After only nine months of construction, production began in September 1969. After 1990 there was a drastic reduction in the workforce. Today a shopping center, a medical center and various companies are located on the former factory site.

In 1978, the station reception building was inaugurated, based on plans by L. Kelemen. The hall was a steel construction with a three-storey building wing in prefabricated reinforced concrete. The former station building was destroyed in an air raid in February 1945. In 1982 the new hospital building was completed. The new building has a functional and structural connection to the old building. This was a building complex with three and five-story functional buildings. In the years 1976/1978 the editorial and publishing building of the Lausitzer Rundschau was built in the street of the youth. Designed by F. Dubrau, it is a seven-storey reinforced concrete skeleton assembly building with a flat roof and curtain wall in lightweight metal construction and Theraflex glazing.

Development after 1990

Gelsenkirchener Platz, redesigned district center in Sachsendorf

Due to the decline in the birth rate and population emigration to the old federal states, the city of Cottbus recorded a high population decline after 1990. The economic reorientation of Cottbus also played an important role. Here the industrial monostructure developed further into a more differentiated industrial, service and scientific structure. With the settlement of new medium-sized companies, administrations and the Vattenfall corporate headquarters , the re-establishment of the BTU Cottbus and FH Lausitz , the demand for suitable living space increased in the city center. In 2001/2002, the urban redevelopment concept of the city of Cottbus (STUK) was drawn up together with the city administration of Cottbus, the building department and the office for urban development and urban planning as well as in coordination with the non-profit housing cooperatives. On the basis of the urban redevelopment concept, the focus from 2003/2004 was first directed to Sachsendorf / Madlow, with the main focus: preservation and upgrading as well as dismantling and reorganization. In 2004/2005 the partial spatial concept for the urban redevelopment of Cottbus Neu Schmellwitz was added, which provided for the extensive demolition of prefabricated buildings and modernization . The inner-city area was also upgraded with the focus on the redevelopment of the "model city of Cottbus downtown" and the modernization and upgrading work of the Spremberger suburb. Conversion and modernization measures followed on a smaller scale in Sandow and Ströbitz. Due to falling demand for housing, Neu Schmellwitz had to bear the main burden of the demolition program in Cottbus from 2006 onwards. In addition, existing and potential urban redevelopment scenarios were continuously observed by means of urban monitoring in order to be able to adapt cuts and goals to the actual requirements. In the urban planning in the nineties, growth was targeted.

City center

Street of Youth 33

Street of Youth 33.jpg

In 1992/1993 the high-rise building, Straße der Jugend 33, was extensively renovated by the GWC . The building was first built in 1962 as a residential building, later it became a dormitory. After the renovation, it will serve as an office building. The ten-storey building is handicapped accessible and has two elevators.

The Hotel Lausitz was demolished in 1993 for the construction of the Spreegalerie shopping arcade. In May 1995 the passage was opened. In 2001, extensive modernization and reconstruction work was carried out on the town hall . The construction of the Blechen Carré resulted in the demolition of the ice bar “Kosmos” in the city promenade in 2006. The pavilions and the pedestrian bridge were also demolished. In September 2008 the “Blechen Carré” shopping center opened in the city center. In 2009, the city promenade 10-11 (Rossmann branch) was rebuilt. The original sales area of ​​730 square meters tripled. Old interior walls were torn down and new ceilings were installed. Floors were renewed as well as the ventilation and electrical systems. In the point building on Stadtpromenade 6, the commercial space was converted. The rooms got an environmentally friendly heat recovery system. The lighting and the floor were renewed. In 2010, the Wendish Quarter in Klosterstrasse was redeveloped. There was an exterior and interior renovation of the houses.

Opposite the Cottbus main station, in Görlitzer Straße, the prefabricated buildings erected in 1983 were demolished. Apartments, shops, offices and other commercial facilities were housed there. The GWC was forced to demolish it in 2006 due to the high maintenance backlog and the associated vacancy for economic reasons. The Knappschaft Bahn-See built an office complex at this point. With this demolition, a mosaic mural with the city coat of arms of Cottbus also disappeared. The crab was a well-known design element on the dreary gray prefabricated building. The two residential disks enlivened the area around the station.

Spremberger suburb

This quarter was largely spared from the functional prefabricated building of the 1970s and 1980s. This district was particularly popular with the elderly due to its convenient location. Apartment blocks in Ottilienstraße and Gartenstraße, which were built in the early 1960s, were renovated in 2004. The work included interior and exterior renovations. Houses in Dresdener Strasse, Leuthener Strasse and Fontaneplatz were demolished. Around 90 apartments in the vicinity of the Carl-Thiem-Klinikum were modernized in 2007. The residential area Finsterwalder Strasse 50/51, Räschener Strasse 34–39 and Calauer Strasse 22 to 23 were modernized from 2008 to 2010. Condominiums and modern cooperative rental apartments were built there. Some apartments have also been converted to accommodate the disabled. The high-rise building at Thiemstrasse 71 was completely renovated through the purchase of a private investor. The 117 apartments were rebuilt in an age-appropriate manner. The apartments at Dresdener Strasse and the corner of Hermann-Löns-Strasse were extensively modernized in 2009. Guest and student apartments were built.

Sachsendorf / Madlow

City villa on Theodor-Storm-Straße

Due to the social and economic problems as well as high vacancy rates, the large housing estate Sachsendorf-Madlow , which developed around the old village centers of Sachsendorf and Madlow , was included in the federal-state program “Socially Integrative City” in 1999. The tasks consisted of upgrading the living environment, reducing the availability of living space and adapting the social infrastructure to the districts.

Modernized prefabricated buildings in Gelsenkirchener Allee.

At the transition from the large estate to an adjoining single-family housing estate, which is extremely critical in terms of urban development, two of three high-rise slab buildings were renovated and upgraded. The third prefabricated building was dismantled. Step by step, the individual modules became five “city villas” with two to three storeys. A third of the components of the prefabricated building could be recycled. The city villas on Theodor-Storm-Straße meet highly innovative, ecological requirements. These buildings were designed by the Cottbus architects Zimmermann & Partner in close cooperation with the landscape architects Geskes & Hack from Berlin. The fabric of the former prefabricated buildings was deliberately intended to remain recognizable, which gave the new apartment buildings their own character. 13 different floor and maisonette apartments were created . These are provided with roof terraces, balconies and gardens. In Turower Strasse, the district was redesigned with modernization, partial demolition and the improvement of the living environment.

Most of the apartments in the Hegelstrasse area were demolished due to the high vacancy rates, high density of buildings and the location on the outskirts of the city. In the Gelsenkirchener Allee district center, apartments were modernized and the floor plans changed. Interior and exterior renovations were carried out, for example a new color scheme and modernization of the balconies. Buildings that were already 30 years old were demolished in Lauchhammer Strasse.

Thierbacher Straße 13 - The Blue Wonder

The building industry Cottbus (GWC) demolished around 4,000 apartments between 2000 and 2010. Three high-rise buildings with eleven floors were demolished in Schopenhauer Strasse. The three-wing high-rise building at Thierbacher Straße 13 / 13a / 13b was built in 1976 as a panel construction. Before German reunification, the high-rise served as workers' accommodation. During the renovation, the floor plans of the apartments were changed. The building was completely gutted for this purpose. The elevator systems were renewed. Plastic windows with insulated heat glass were installed. Each apartment received underfloor heating. All existing apartment walls, public corridors and elevator shafts received additional sound and heat insulation. Some of the house entrances have been redesigned to be handicapped accessible. In the northwest of Sachsendorf / Madlow is the Jänschwalder Straße area. The building structure is uniform and monostructured. The degree of renovation of the buildings is different. The average vacancy rate in 2001 was around 30 percent. Since the quarter was close to the core city, the area should be preserved through demolition and upgrading and a new, positive perspective should be developed in the long term. The planned measures could only be implemented in some areas. As a result of the continuing decline in population, the housing companies were forced to reduce more housing stocks than planned.

Sandow

Sandow was one of the first districts in Cottbus to have new apartments, predominantly in P2 construction. Due to its location directly on the Spree, this district has always been very popular. Due to the demolition of prefabricated buildings in other parts of the city, the population in Sandow increased. Instead of clearing large areas, as in other parts of the city, usually only one or two houses were demolished. A new shopping center was built in Hermannstrasse. A third of the population is over 65 years old. A lot of the apartments were converted to make them age-appropriate during the renovation. This included barrier-free access in the entrance area and the installation of elevators. In some cases, elevators were also attached to the outer facade. The floor plans of the apartments did not have to be changed as a result. Inside the apartments, the steps to the bathroom and balcony have been removed. A new gas boiler system was installed on Doll 3, which is operated with environmentally friendly natural gas. The Cottbus building management began in 2005 with the renovation in Franz-Mehring-Straße, Thomas-Müntzer-Straße and with the demolition of a residential building on Lindenplatz.

Stroebitz

The Ströbitz district is framed by the city center and extensive allotment gardens. The central location and the good transport connections are among the advantages. Due to its proximity to the BTU (Brandenburg Technical University), the district also attracts more and more young people. After 1990, the renovation of the prefabricated buildings began. The majority of the apartments were partially renovated, completely renovated apartments became owner-occupied apartments. The buildings were renovated both inside and out.

Neu-Schmellwitz

Former department store, renovated prefabricated buildings in the background

Neu-Schmellwitz is the youngest industrial area to be built. In the eastern part of the urban area, the vacancy rate was highest and the residential area upgrades were the fewest. Between 1995 and 2006, the number of residents decreased by 47 percent. Every third apartment was unoccupied. Around half of Neu-Schmellwitz was to be dismantled in the coming years. There were concepts for the re-use of the newly gained open spaces such as renaturation (restoration of near-natural habitats) or agricultural use, but these could not yet be implemented. From 1994 to 2004 extensive modernizations took place in the east of this district. The demolition of the first apartments began in autumn 2006/07 in the Gotthold-Schwela-Straße area. At that time, two blocks were dismantled in the courtyard of the Sechka. The Rudniki Strasse quarter and partial demolition of Willy-Budich-Strasse and Hutungstrasse followed in 2007 and 2008. Large parts of Kauperstrasse were demolished in 2008/2009. The social infrastructure facilities were linked to the demolition of the apartments. In 2011 two schools were demolished. The associated gyms were also originally intended to be demolished. These demolition plans were prevented by the commitment of the open network Schmellwitz and the citizens' association, as they were able to show the city administration that there is still a need for use for these locations. The development of the population in the outskirts of the district will be monitored until 2013 in order to decide on any further structural measures.

Panel building in Schmellwitzer Strasse

Alt Schmellwitz

The district is in the north of Cottbus, close to the BTU and the city center. Apartments from the 1970s on Siedlungsstrasse and Friedensstrasse and Löbensweg have been completely renovated. In the Bodo-Uhse-Straße, houses from the sixties were modernized by the Cottbus building management company. The apartments got new balconies and thermal insulation. In 2012, GWC began modernizing the apartments on Bonnaskenstrasse and Sielower Strasse. Interior and exterior renovations were carried out on the buildings.

Public, social and medical institutions

Carl Thiem Clinic

Comprehensive new building programs took place in the Carl Thiem Clinic as early as 1975–1983 . Ten years later, the need for medical care arose again, due to the medical progress made in the period after reunification. In addition to the goal of integrating more modern medical technology, the second phase saw the undertaking of further conversions, extensions and modernizations. For example, a 90-bed building has been in operation since 1997. In 1998 a modern recovery room was handed over. The clinic is in constant change of adaptation, modernization and expansion.

Retirement and nursing homes

Care center Cottbus-Sachsendorf

Care center Sachsendorf

The Cottbus-Sachsendorf Care Center was built in 1978 and was under municipal sponsorship of the Cottbus City Administration for 14 years. In 1992, a tender procedure resulted in the outsourcing of some nursing homes in Cottbus from municipal responsibility. This also included the Cottbus-Sachsendorf care center. MED Cottbus began operating the facility on October 1, 1992 (the day the GmbH was founded) after the contract was awarded. As the first nursing home in the city of Cottbus, the facility was completely renovated from 1994–1996. With the appearance and loving care of the outdoor facilities, the facility beautified the cityscape of Sachsendorf.

Senior Citizens' Residential Park Cottbus

The Cottbus senior citizens' residential park is located directly on the Spree, which runs through the entire Sandow district. The house was built in 1975 and was completely renovated in 2004.

Paulinen residential complex

The skyscraper at Thiemstrasse 71 was built in 1966. In the meantime it was empty. In 2010, the conversion to the age-appropriate "Paulinen residential complex" began. The following renovation measures were carried out:

  • Cultivation of a thermal insulation composite system
  • Floor plan changes, amalgamation of small one-room apartments to two-room apartments, a loggia was added to the living rooms
  • Creation of 100 apartments in the high-rise
  • New construction of a single-storey low-rise building with 17 apartments and tenants' gardens
  • Creation of service offers (doctor's practice, laundrette, wellness area, assisted living, concierge)

Schools and daycare centers

Model buildings of schools in the GDR

Type Cottbus 1962

This type of building consisted of a three-storey classroom building with full basement and two closed stairwells. The building was symmetrically structured and there were extended corridor areas on all floors. This type of building had short distances between the classrooms and subject classrooms.

Type Cottbus 1977

This type of building also consisted of a three-storey classroom building with full basement and two closed staircases. A multi-purpose building was connected via a two-storey connecting structure.

Schools, daycare centers and other public institutions were also affected by the urban redevelopment plans. Depending on the location of the district, the prefabricated buildings that were built in the sixties were torn down, modernized or converted. In most cases, the need for childcare facilities rose or fell in line with the demographic development of the individual city districts. From the school development plan 2007–2012 of the city of Cottbus it emerged that between 1991 and 2002 the focus was more on expanding the capacities of primary schools and grammar schools. In 2002–2007, however, the demand changed due to demographic developments and the focus was now on reducing capacities. As a result, a total of 28 panels were closed. Three were demolished, some could be used after school, were renovated and some are still empty today. Gyms were also torn down and occasionally rebuilt in a modern version. Some day-care centers were also demolished or converted if they were not privately owned.

Sachsendorfer High School

Sachsendorfer High School

The school in Schwarzheider Strasse 7 was part of the Turower Strasse district development concept. Houses 1 and 2 of the school building were renovated. The auditorium and the connecting passage were demolished. The sports hall did not meet the requirements of DIN 18032 and was dilapidated. That is why the hall was dismantled in 2004. At the same level, three new components were added in the area between the houses.

The neighborhood-related conversion of the daycare center in the Turower Straße quarter, which has been vacant since August 1997, was selected as the start-up project of the “Socially Integrative City” program. The plan was to support the stabilization of the neighborhood through the renovation. The house was converted to make it suitable for the disabled and since 2001 it has been offering clubs and citizens rooms for open meetings, further training, leisure activities, art and culture as well as family reunions. The demolition of 160 apartments by removing entire house segments, the upgrading of the remaining apartments and the residential area, as well as the modernization of the school location.

In 2007, the IBA (international building exhibition), together with the Spree-Neisse district, organized an international architecture competition for the renovation of the Fürst-Pückler Gymnasium on Hegelstrasse. The Hamburg office pmp Architekten Padberg & Partner won. After merging three schools, the Fürst-Pückler Gymnasium is now the largest gymnasium in the state of Brandenburg.

Regine Hildebrandt Primary School House B

Regine Hildebrandt Primary School House B

The school building with an intermediate structure and an auditorium of the Regine Hildebrandt primary school was built in 1980/81 using the light, multi-storey construction. It connects the auditorium with a single-storey intermediate building. The spatial program was confirmed on November 21, 2005 by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the State of Brandenburg.

The following points of the spatial concept were implemented: Creation of usage units on the ground floor so that the corridor areas can be flexibly and completely integrated into the usage; in addition, creation of a spacious entrance, waiting and information area on the ground floor; an additional sanitary area in the daycare center; for the teachers establishment of common rooms and work rooms redesign of the auditorium; Improvement of the basement for the distribution of food for daycare and school children.

During the renovation, the following were important: In accordance with the latest technology, renovation of the building and the technical systems, complete renovation of the facade including the replacement of the windows with sun protection. Reconstruction of the roofs and lightning protection, fire protection upgrading of the school building, integration of the basement into the school, daycare and all-day care, as well as play facilities for all age groups, redesign of the outdoor facilities. 25 construction companies were involved in the renovation. After 17 months of construction, the school was put back into operation on September 1, 2008.

Education center Cottbus

BTU Cottbus teaching building 2A / B
BTU residential complex

In 1948, the state high-rise school was founded here, which was renamed the technical college for construction in 1951. The University of Civil Engineering emerged from it in 1954. In 1969 the engineering college for civil engineering was founded on the current site of the BTU Cottbus. In October 1989 the engineering college became the college of construction. This eventually resulted in the BTU, which was founded in 1991 as the only technical university in the state of Brandenburg. The main building was erected in 1972 on today's BTU campus using element construction. The building complex has basically been completely preserved to this day. By using the BTU, individual buildings were repeatedly added. A complete renovation of the student residence began in 2005. The renovation was necessary because of the desolate condition of the old facades as well as leaky joints and insufficient thermal insulation. The five-story buildings received three new staircases and an elevator. The facade was completely renewed. The parapets and closed parts of the facade were clad with frosted glass plates and thus represent a contemporary architectural element. In 2008, renovated student apartments were handed over at Universitätsstrasse 2-5. The apartments were furnished one- and two-room apartments.

Energy saving school Max-Steenbeck-Gymnasium Cottbus

Max-Steenbeck-Gymnasium main entrance

The Max-Steenbeck-Gymnasium is a type school with an auditorium. It was built in a wall-skeleton construction. It stands out from the older type schools through the energetically advantageous middle-floor construction. The school consists of a two-wing building. The two three-story wing buildings with cellars are connected to the auditorium via a two-story connecting structure. The renovation of the school began in 2011. The main focus was on the thermal insulation of the building and optimized lighting throughout the building. The electronics and heating systems were also renewed. Thermally activated component systems were used. With the installation of elevators, this building is barrier-free after the renovation. On October 18, 2012 the new Max-Steenbeck-Gymnasium was inaugurated in Cottbus. Various funding programs enabled the renovation and energetic renovation of the school building, including the redesign of the outdoor facilities from the 1970s. Around 5.8 million euros were made available for this. J. Vogelsänger also handed over funding notices for urban redevelopment in Cottbus and the Socially Integrative City program in the Sandow and Neu-Schmellwitz residential areas. The new Max-Steenbeck-Gymnasium could be opened after more than two years of renovation. The energetic renovation of the school building was a model project in experimental housing and urban development (ExWoSt). The annual heating requirement will probably only be a maximum of 15 kilowatt hours per square meter, thanks to the use of district heating via combined heat and power. This corresponds to the passive house standard . CO 2 emissions should be reduced by around 60 percent . The total costs amounted to around 13.8 million euros. The program for the energetic renewal of the social infrastructure (investment package) approved 3.1 million euros. In addition, around 2.7 million euros came from urban redevelopment, the energy-efficient school building program of the Federal Ministry of Economics and the European Regional Development Fund from the Ministry of Education.

Wilhelm Nevoigt Primary School

The renovation of the entire building complex began in 2010. The school received a highly efficient, energetic upgrade. The roofs of the school and the auditorium were renewed. The facade was insulated and equipped in the window areas with new structural elements, triple-glazed windows, sun protection devices and substructures for the external cladding. By installing an elevator, the school was converted to make it accessible for the disabled. The school also received a newly built sports hall.

Wilhelm Nevoigt Sports Hall

Ludwig-Leichhardt-Gymnasium Hallenser Straße 10-11

At the start of construction in January 2012, components of the building were dismantled and gutted. The rooms have been restructured and assigned according to their use. The sports hall is energetically upgraded. As with the primary school, attention was paid to barrier-free access during the renovation. The technical building equipment was completely renewed. The building should be completed in February 2013.

Multifunctional hall Ludwig-Leichhardt-Gymnasium

The technical building equipment was completely renewed. The roof and outer walls received additional thermal insulation. The window areas were triple-glazed and made smaller in a highly efficient manner. The floor substructure in the sanitary area was renewed. The sports hall has been energetically upgraded.

"Pfiffikus" day care center

The renovation was financed from the city of Cottbus' own funds and the "Childcare Financing" funding program of the Brandenburg State Investment Bank.

The sanitary and group rooms for children of the age group up to three years were completely renovated and modernized as part of the funding. Demolition, dry construction, tiling, painting and electrical work were carried out, as well as the relocation of all pipeline systems and the age-appropriate equipment with sanitary objects and the addition of shading. Completion was scheduled for August 2011.

Primary school with a focus on sports

The completely renovated, sports-oriented elementary school was opened by Holger Rupprecht . In 2007 the school received around 770,000 euros as debt servicing aid from the federal all-day program, the “Federal Investment Program Future, Education and Care” for the all-day-specific renovation of the school building, the gymnasium and the outdoor area. In the construction period from May 26, 2008 to September 25, 2009, the former upper school center was rebuilt and expanded. The old school building of the 18th primary school was dismantled and new outdoor facilities were designed with a sports field.

The modernized school building was opened for use after the 2009 Easter break. That was a requirement to be able to dismantle the former building of the 18th elementary school. Then the design of the outdoor facilities with school yard, playground and sports field could begin. The renovation was financed through a loan as part of the federal investment program Future, Education and Care, as well as with the city's own funds. The renovation was also supported by the Brandenburg Ministry of Education. Funds from the urban development of the country, funding urban renewal and recycling social infrastructure were asked for the necessary demolition of the old school building available. Funds from the “ Urban Redevelopment East ” program for liveable cities and attractive living were used for the renewal of the building envelope of the gym . Companies have received over thirty orders for the school building and the outdoor facilities. More than 90 percent of the construction work was carried out by regional companies.

Christopher Columbus Primary School

The building of the Christopher Columbus Primary School was built in 1967 using prefabricated panels. Renovation work only started in 2010. Fire protection measures were renewed, the technical building equipment was expanded. The facade was given energetic thermal insulation and its color was upgraded. Stairs and canopies were renovated. The basement with the classification of the district library Sandow eV and the special educational counseling center was renewed and expanded.

"Spatzennest" day care center

The renovation work in the “Spatzennest” daycare center was completed after a year of construction. It was built in 1975 in the typical assembly building of the GDR. The work was carried out in sections while operations continued. Construction began in June 2011. The renovation included measures for thermal insulation and to reduce energy costs, the complete renovation of heating and sanitary systems, the roof, the windows, the facade, floors and doors, the creation of a sports room and the creation of barrier-free access throughout Ground floor. 60 percent of the costs were borne by funds from the state of Brandenburg as part of the Urban Redevelopment East program. The city of Cottbus financed the remaining 40 percent from its own resources. The total cost is around 1.65 million euros.

literature

  • Hübner, Roberto: Socialist building and urban planning principles of the GDR (Cottbuser Blätter booklet 2017). Cottbus 2017.
  • Kläber, Thomas; Kohlschmidt, Arielle; Kohlschmidt, Siegfried :: 850 years of Cottbus. CGA-Verlag, Cottbus 2006, ISBN 3-937503-12-9 .
  • Krestin, Steffen: Chronicle of the history of the city of Cottbus. (Cottbuser Blätter special issue). BVB-Verlagsgesellschaft, Nordhorn 2003, ISBN 3-936092-98-2 .

Web links

Commons : Plattenbauten in Cottbus  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ About the plate: P 2. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 2, 2015 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jeder-qm-du.de
  2. ↑ About the plate: WBS 70.Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Wendish Quarter - City of Cottbus. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Photo of the “Friendship” day care center ( Memento from April 2, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  5. ↑ Site plan. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  6. ^ R. Gebert - Reportage - Brandenburg. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  7. ↑ 50 years of the textile industry in Cottbus. (PDF; 1.7 MB) Archived from the original on June 12, 2009 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Urban redevelopment concept update 2005 (PDF; 1.6 MB) Accessed on June 11, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Model town Cottbus. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 18, 2012 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.modellstadt-cottbus.de
  10. ↑ Partial spatial concept for the urban redevelopment of Cottbus Neu-Schmellwitz. (PDF; 236 kB) Accessed June 11, 2013 .
  11. ^ 10 years of urban redevelopment in the east - reports from practice. (PDF; 10.2 MB) Archived from the original on May 14, 2012 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  12. ↑ Pension office leaves the skyscraper in Straße der Jugend. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . May 26, 2005, accessed June 11, 2013 .
  13. ↑ a b GWC panorama October 2006. (PDF; 740 kB) Archived from the original on September 28, 2013 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  14. ↑ Pilot project new balconies for the Wendish quarter. Building Management Cottbus, November 15, 2011, accessed on June 11, 2013 .
  15. ↑ a b c GWC panorama September 2007. (PDF; 748 kB) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gwc-cottbus.de  
  16. ↑ Görlitzer Strasse residential slab dismantled - 94,000 tons of building rubble removed. Building Management Cottbus, August 7, 2007, accessed on June 11, 2013 .
  17. ↑ Cottbus, Spremberger Vorstadt - short portrait. In: Immobilienscout24 . Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  18. ↑ a b Urban redevelopment in GDR settlements - Projects - Elderly friendly living - Cottbus - Thiemstrasse 71. Retrieved on June 11, 2013 .
  19. ↑ Peggy Kompalla: Concept for urban redevelopment focuses on adjacent quarters. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. November 26, 2010, accessed June 11, 2013 .
  20. ↑ Cottbus-Sachsendorf-Madlow "City Villas". Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  21. ↑ Partial dismantling in Sachsendorf-Madlow. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  22. ↑ a b c Project 21: Sachsendorf-Madlow housing estate - New life in old slabs. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 31, 2012 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iba-see2010.de
  23. ↑ Cottbus Sachsendorf-Madlow. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 12, 2016 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.staedtebaufoerderung.info
  24. ↑ The excavators are coming - inevitable dismantling in Sachsendorf and Schmellwitz. Building Management Cottbus, August 23, 2008, accessed on June 11, 2013 .
  25. ^ Sven Hering: Demolition as a Cottbus success story. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. June 8, 2012, accessed June 11, 2013 .
  26. ↑ "Good examples" project database. Archived from the original on April 12, 2013 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  27. ↑ Urban redevelopment in the residential area Sachsendorf-Madlow, City of Cottbus. (PDF; 4.2 MB) Archived from the original on January 31, 2012 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  28. ↑ Barrier-free living at Warmbad in Cottbus-Sandow. Building Management Cottbus, July 15, 2011, accessed on June 11, 2013 .
  29. ↑ Schmellwitz district shop
  30. ↑ Rapid modernization of apartments near the university. Building Management Cottbus, April 13, 2012, accessed on June 11, 2013 .
  31. ↑ On the history of the house (old). Archived from the original on February 10, 2013 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  32. ↑ project. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 2, 2013 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.frankearchitektenbda.de
  33. ^ Care Center Cottbus-Sachsendorf. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  34. ^ Care Center Cottbus-Sachsendorf. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  35. ↑ Jürgen Becker: Spremberger wants to revive dead plates in Cottbus. (No longer available online.) In: Lausitzer Rundschau. January 3, 2009, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lr-online.de
  36. ↑ Floor plans of the apartments in the Paulinen residential complex ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.paulinen-wohnanlage.de
  37. ↑ a b building catalog. (PDF; 11.8 MB) Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  38. ↑ January Gloßmann: Urban Redevelopment: For the first time Cottbus school will be demolished. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 20, 2004, accessed June 11, 2013 .
  39. ↑ School development plan 2007–2012 ( Memento from September 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), City of Cottbus, Youth, Culture and Social Affairs division (PDF; 2.2 MB)
  40. ^ Project Sachsendorfer Oberschule. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.frankearchitektenbda.de
  41. ↑ Conversion and renovation of House B of the Regine-Hildebrand-Grundschule Cottbus, Theodor-Storm-Straße 21. Accessed on June 11, 2013 .
  42. ↑ 05 Lenau. (PDF; 3.5 MB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 22, 2016 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.architektur-vermittlung.de
  43. ↑ Energy saving school Max-Steenbeck-Gymnasium Cottbus. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  44. ↑ Refurbishment of a type school in prefabricated construction. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012 ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  45. ↑ a b c d Building investments and building maintenance in the educational infrastructure. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  46. ^ Building project at the Wilhelm Nevoigt Primary School in Cottbus-Ströbitz. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  47. ↑ Kita in Cottbus receives around 67,000 euros. (No longer available online.) Department of Education, Youth and Sport, December 8, 2011, archived from the original on April 19, 2012 ; accessed on June 11, 2013 (press release). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mbjs.brandenburg.de
  48. ↑ Education Minister Rupprecht opens renovated school. Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, October 1, 2009, archived from the original on April 12, 2013 ; accessed on June 11, 2013 (press release).
  49. ↑ October 2nd, 2009, 11.30 a.m .: Handover of the “primary school with a focus on sports” after complex renovation. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .
  50. ↑ Completion of the renovation work in and at the “Spatzennest” day care center. Retrieved June 11, 2013 .