Jänschwalde power plant
| Jänschwalde power plant | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 50 '3 " N , 14 ° 27' 26" E | ||
| country | Germany | ||
| Waters | Surrounding waters and groundwater from the nearby opencast mines | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | Thermal power plant | ||
| Primary energy | Fossil energy | ||
| fuel | Brown coal ( Lusatian district ) | ||
| power | 3000 MW , of which 2000 MW in operation and 1000 MW in security standby (2018/2019) |
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| operator | Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG ( LEAG ) | ||
| Project start | 1970s | ||
| Start of operations | 1976-1988 | ||
| turbine | four-casing condensing turbine | ||
| boiler | 2 × 815 t / h (per block) | ||
| Firing | Lignite dust | ||
| Energy fed in 2018 | 19,500 GWh | ||
| Website | Jänschwalde power plant | ||
| was standing | 1st October 2019 | ||
The Jänschwalde power plant is a thermal power plant in the southeast of Brandenburg , which is mainly fired with lignite from the Lower Lusatian opencast mines Jänschwalde and Welzow-Süd . The power plant operator is Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG ( LEAG ).
The power plant site is located in the district of the municipality Teichland belonging hamlet Neuendorf , about five kilometers southeast of the center of town Peitz and east of Peitz ponds . The eponymous place Jänschwalde is around four kilometers northeast of the power plant.
In terms of installed capacity, the Jänschwalde power plant with 3,000 megawatts is the third largest power plant in Germany after the Neurath and Niederaussem power plants . In Lusatia, only the Boxberg power plant was larger with 3,520 MW, until its outdated power plant blocks (2,520 MW) were shut down.
According to LEAG, the power plant generates around 19,500 GWh of electrical energy annually (as of 2018). With CO 2 emissions of 22.8 million tons, the power plant caused the fourth highest greenhouse gas emissions of all European power plants in 2018 (ahead of Weisweiler with 16.8 million tons in 5th place and Boxberg Plant IV with 10.2 million tons 8th place).
Structure and technical data
The lignite power plant was built between 1976 and 1988 under the leadership of VEB BMK Coal and Energy . The power plant consists of six 500 MW blocks, each with two steam boilers , with two blocks each forming a unit. Each of the three units originally had a 300 meter high chimney for smoke emissions. In the period from 1991 to 1996, all power plant units at the site were upgraded with modern environmental technology. Since then, gypsum has been produced from the sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gases by adding lime, which is processed in the neighboring Lafarge plant or temporarily stored in the spoil dump of the Jänschwalde open-cast mine. Since then, the cleaned flue gases have been released into the environment via six of the nine cooling towers (three per unit). A modernization program was completed by 2014 that upgraded all steam turbines.
At the Jänschwalde power plant, raw lignite from the nearby Jänschwalde open-cast mine (approx. 14 million t / a, in future approx. 11 million t / a) is converted into electricity. An increasing proportion (8–11 million t / a) is also fed in via the coal connection line from the Welzow-Süd opencast mine . The power plant needs around 80,000 tons of lignite per day at full load . One kilowatt hour of electricity is generated from one kilogram of lignite. In 2004, the co-incineration of waste up to an amount of 400,000 tons per year was approved by planning approval.
According to the operator, the Jänschwalde power plant achieved a net efficiency of 35–36 percent in 2012. With an annual emission of 24 million tons of CO 2 (2017) it is in 7th place in the world ranking list of power plants with the most emissions, and in 3rd place within the European Union . The output per kWh is 1.2 kg CO 2 ( after the Niederaußem power plant ) in 4th place. Although the Jänschwalde power plant is the youngest of the three remaining power plant locations in Lusatia, despite being upgraded, it has the oldest technology on average.
The grid connection is made via the Preilack switchgear at the 380 kV maximum voltage level in the power grid of the transmission system operator 50Hertz Transmission .
Power plant unit F was decommissioned on October 1, 2018, and Unit E followed on October 1, 2019. Both units will only be held for four years each for supply bottlenecks. After that, they should be finally shut down.
Power plant indicators
- Installed capacity: 3 power plant blocks A / B, C / D, E / F with 2 × 500 MW each, (block F / E since October 2018 and 2019 on standby)
- Steam output per steam generator: 2 × 815 t / h (per power plant unit)
- Mills per steam generator: 6
- Live steam pressure: 169 bar
- Live steam temperature: 535 ° C
- Intermediate vapor pressure: 43 bar
- Intermediate steam temperature: 540 ° C
- District heating extraction: 6 × 58.2 MW / th (since October 1, 2019, 4 × 58.2 MW / th)
Source: LEAG Flyer Jänschwalde Power Plant (PDF)
District heating supply
The Jänschwalde power plant continuously supplies the city of Cottbus with district heating , with around half of the required amount coming from the Jänschwalde power plant. On October 9, 2019, LEAG announced that it had extended the existing heat supply contract with "Heizkraftwerksgesellschaft mbH" and the city of Cottbus until the end of 2032. The extension of this contract is intended to ensure a stable supply of district heating even during a shutdown of the "Cottbus heating power station" and the construction of the new gas-fired heating power station in the city of Cottbus.
Dismantling the chimneys
Since a demolition was not possible due to lack of space, from the end of 2002 the three 300 m high chimneys, which were no longer necessary due to the renovation work in the 1990s, were demolished in a complex process . The last chimney was demolished in November 2007. A procedure that is unique in the world was used: the chimneys were removed up to a height of 50 m by a special demolition device equipped with excavators. The remaining 50 m were demolished conventionally.
Sewage treatment plant for mine water (1981)
Power plant in summer 2004, the first chimney already demolished
View of a chimney (2006)
Boiler house of blocks A and B with two associated cooling towers (2011)
_2011-06-10.jpg)
Planning on site
Vattenfall originally planned a further, fourth power plant block at the site, with the energy of which the carbon dioxide produced when the lignite was burned would be separated and injected underground (CCS). These plans were discontinued in December 2011. In its “Energy Strategy 2030” published in February 2012, the state of Brandenburg still considered a successor brown coal power plant in Jänschwalde to be necessary in order to secure the location beyond the life of the old units. The new building should have a maximum output of 2000 megawatts, be equipped with CCS technology and be connected to the power grid by 2030 at the latest. In the strategic paper of 2012, the state government saw the completion of the planning procedures for opening up new open-cast mines to secure the supply of raw materials to the power plant as an essential basis for an investment decision. How long the power plant will continue to supply energy is open. In order to meet the political climate protection goals, a coal phase-out is necessary in the medium term . As a comparatively old lignite power station in eastern Germany, Jänschwalde has higher emissions than other newer lignite power stations, which is why climate protection plans provide that it should be shut down first. The coal supply is also uncertain in the medium term. As of 2018, around seven million tons of lignite came from the Jänschwalde open-cast mine , which can only deliver coal until 2023 and is currently not allowed to mine coal due to a court order. The remainder of the total of approx. 24 to 26 million tons of lignite is supplied from the Welzow opencast mine, which is further away.
The planned expansion of the Jänschwalde opencast mine, known as Jänschwalde-Nord, was abandoned by the operator in 2017. Should the power plant continue to be operated for a longer period of time, the Welzow-Süd open-cast mine would probably have to be expanded as technically planned and the Welzow district of Proschim, among other things , would have to be excavated. Around 800 people would have to be relocated to Proschim and Welzow for this. The operator LEAG intends to make the decision in 2020 whether the expansion of the Welzow-Süd opencast mine, which was approved in 2014, will be implemented.
emission
Kraftwerk Critics high emissions at the power plant Jänschwalde nitrogen oxides , sulfur oxides , mercury and particulate matter on which cancer producing substances ( lead , cadmium , nickel , PAHs , dioxins and furans ) could be liable. A controversial study commissioned by Greenpeace at the University of Stuttgart in 2013 came to the conclusion that the fine dusts emitted by the Jänschwalde power plant and the secondary fine dusts formed from sulfur dioxide , nitrogen oxide and NMVOC emissions from the power plant statistically lead to 3,986 years of life lost per year to lead. Greenpeace has derived 373 premature deaths from this, without mentioning it in the study. The Jänschwalde power plant ranks first on the list of “Germany's most unhealthy coal-fired power plants”.
In addition, stand in the face of climate change , the CO 2 emissions in the criticism. Lignite power plants have the highest carbon dioxide emissions per generated kilowatt hour, which is why environmental and climate protectionists criticize them as particularly inefficient and harmful to the climate.
The Jänschwalde power plant reported the following emissions in the European pollutant register " PRTR ":
| Air pollutant | 2007 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) | 24,200,000,000 kg | 23,800,000,000 kg | 24,300,000,000 kg | 24,800,000,000 kg | 25,700,000,000 kg | 24,000,000,000 kg |
| Sulfur dioxide (as SO x / SO 2 ) | 21,700,000 kg | 21,400,000 kg | 22,300,000 kg | 23,400,000 kg | 23,100,000 kg | 15,100,000 kg |
| Nitrogen oxides ( NO x / NO 2 ) | 19,200,000 kg | 18,700,000 kg | 19,600,000 kg | 19,900,000 kg | 20,500,000 kg | 19,000,000 kg |
| Carbon monoxide ( CO ) | 11,300,000 kg | 14,000,000 kg | 14,400,000 kg | 15,300,000 kg | 14,800,000 kg | 10,800,000 kg |
| Particulate matter ( PM10 ) | 656,000 kg | 573,000 kg | 635,000 kg | 643,000 kg | 675,000 kg | 535,000 kg |
| Nitrous oxide ( N 2 O ) | 302,000 kg | 297,000 kg | 297,000 kg | 485,000 kg | 307,000 kg | 295,000 kg |
| Inorganic Chlorine Compounds (as HCl ) | 84,000 kg | 85,300 kg | 79,600 kg | 152,000 kg | 90,500 kg | 64,800 kg |
| Mercury and compounds (as Hg ) | 500 kg | 592 kg | 350 kg | 505 kg | 330 kg | 672 kg |
| Copper and compounds (as Cu ) | 256 kg | 154 kg | 368 kg | 639 kg | 493 kg | 658 kg |
| Lead and compounds (as Pb ) | 212 kg | 316 kg | 278 kg | 1,860 kg | 1,160 kg | 1,780 kg |
| Nickel and compounds (as Ni ) | 192 kg | 308 kg | 225 kg | 984 kg | 593 kg | 260 kg |
| Arsenic and Compounds (as As ) | 150 kg | 129 kg | 124 kg | 199 kg | 121 kg | 208 kg |
| Chromium and compounds (as Cr ) | not specified | not specified | not specified | 351 kg | 253 kg | 2195 kg |
| Dioxins and furans, toxic equivalents ( PCDD / PCDF ) | not specified | 0.000147 kg | 0.000171 kg | not specified | not specified | 0.000150 kg |
No other typical pollutant emissions were reported, as they are only required to be reported in the PRTR from an annual minimum amount, e.g. B. Dioxins and furans from 0.0001 kg, cadmium from 10 kg, chromium from 100 kg, zinc from 200 kg, fluorine and inorganic fluorine compounds from 5,000 kg, ammonia from 10,000 kg, NMVOC from 100,000 kg.
The European Environment Agency has estimated the cost of damage to the environment and health of the 28,000 largest industrial plants in Europe on the basis of the emission data reported in the PRTR using the scientific methods of the European Commission. According to this, the Jänschwalde power plant causes the third highest damage costs of all European industrial plants.
| cause | Damage costs in billions of euros | proportion of |
|---|---|---|
| Jänschwalde power plant | 1.232-2.002 | 1.2% |
| A total of 28,000 systems | 102-169 | 100% |
Incidents
On February 9, 2008, a fire broke out on a conveyor belt that is responsible for charging coal from the two blocks of Plant 1. The fire was started by working with a power cutter . Due to the flying sparks, the crushed raw lignite caught fire, and several plant fire departments from the region were in action. People were not harmed by the fire. The two affected power plant blocks, each with 500 MW, had to be switched off temporarily because no more fuel could be delivered.
On July 8, 2015, a transformer burned in Block B of the power plant. People were not harmed, but the power plant had to be shut down.
End of terrain 2019
On November 30, 2019, the Jänschwalde power plant was one of the points of attack for the end of the terrain in 2019 in the Lusatian lignite mining district . Activists from Endegebiet occupied the railroad tracks in front of the power station and stopped the coal supply. Since it had to be assumed that the tracks would be occupied for a longer period of time, the power plant throttled its output to the technical minimum in order to be able to guarantee the district heating supply of the cities of Peitz and Cottbus for as long as possible with the stored fuel . In the late afternoon of November 30, 2019, Endegebiet ended all actions and left the occupied tracks and opencast mines again. Actions announced for December 1, 2019 have been canceled.
Security readiness and shutdown
Security readiness is the created opportunity to shut down power plant units and keep them fully available for a period of four years. This is to ensure that reserve capacities can be used in the event of energy passes that may arise in the course of the energy transition. The power plant units that have been put on standby must be started up within ten days of being called by the network operator and then be able to feed their full capacity into the network after a further 24 hours .
In June 2018, Federal Minister of Economics Peter Altmaier said at the Lausitz dialogue with the Prime Ministers of the states of Brandenburg and Saxony in Spremberg : "We want to talk first about the jobs that are being created and then about the jobs that will be lost."
On September 30, 2018, at 4:54 p.m., the 500 MW unit F was taken off the grid and put on a four-year safety standby. Unit F was connected to the grid for the first time on November 17, 1988 and put into continuous operation on March 9, 1989. With the transition to security readiness, 600 jobs were lost at the Jänschwalde site with direct employees and service partners.
On October 1, 2019, the second Block E planned in the Jänschwalde power plant with a further 500 MW was transferred to safety standby. Unit E was connected to the grid for the first time on June 14, 1987 and went into continuous operation on October 6, 1987. Here, too, another 600 direct and indirect jobs were lost. Both shutdowns go back to an agreement between the federal government and the major electricity producers in Germany in October 2015. This measure is a purely political decision and therefore cannot be justified on the basis of calculations made by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, according to which the operation of the plant would be unprofitable due to stricter limit values for power plant exhaust gases in the future and thus compensation for the power plant operator would be questionable.
On January 16, 2020, the federal government decided to completely shut down the Jänschwalde power plant by 2028. Block A on December 31, 2025 and Block B on December 31, 2027 are to be put into a four-year safety standby and then finally shut down. Units C and D are scheduled to be closed for good on December 31, 2028.
See also
- List of power plants in Germany
- List of fossil fuel power plants in the European Union with the highest carbon dioxide emissions
- List of major carbon dioxide emitters
Individual evidence
- ↑ Verified Emissions for 2018. In: EU Emissions Trading System, April 1, 2019. Accessed April 5, 2019
- ↑ Left faction: On the future of Lusatian lignite
- ↑ Coal-fired power plants for co-incineration of RDF - plants, RDF quantities and qualities, operating experience, trends and forecasts - ( Memento from October 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Energy is made from lignite. Vattenfall Europe Mining & Generation / Vattenfall Europe Generation AG, November 2012 accessed on October 2, 2019
- ↑ Federal Network Agency power plant list (nationwide; all network and transformer levels) as of July 2nd, 2012. ( Microsoft Excel file, 1.6 MiB) Archived from the original on July 22, 2012 ; Retrieved July 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Network load in the control area. 50Hertz Transmission GmbH, accessed on August 28, 2018 .
- ↑ LEAG information on the Jänschwalde power plant accessed on November 24, 2019.
- ↑ Flyer Jänschwalde lignite power plant - LEAG accessed on October 3, 2019.
- ↑ Jänschwalde power plant will supply Cottbus with heat until 2032 In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. October 8, 2019.
- ↑ LEAG extends delivery contract for district heating to Cottbus In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. October 8, 2019.
- ↑ Vattenfall stops Jänschwalde. In: n-tv.de , December 5, 2011. Accessed December 6, 2011.
- ^ Ministry of Economy and European Affairs of the State of Brandenburg: Energy Strategy 2030 of the State of Brandenburg , February 2012. P. 36, 43. Accessed on December 16, 2014.
- ↑ WORLD: Environmental aid lawsuit: Jänschwalde open-cast lignite mine has to cease operations for the time being . August 30, 2019 ( welt.de [accessed August 31, 2019]).
- ↑ Jänschwalde - the beginning of the end. In: Klimareporter , October 1, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
- ↑ Proschimers protest against demolition. Retrieved December 27, 2018 .
- ↑ Fine dust sources and damage caused , Federal Environment Agency (Dessau)
- ↑ a b Greenpeace study on particulate matter: How dangerous is coal power actually? , Medscapemedizin, Retrieved May 19, 2014
- ↑ Assessment of Health Impacts of Coal Fired Power Stations in Germany - by Applying EcoSenseWeb (English, PDF 1.2 MB) Philipp Preis / Joachim Roos / Prof. Rainer Friedrich, Institute for Energy Economics and Rational Use of Energy, University of Stuttgart , March 28, 2013
- ↑ Death from the chimney - How coal-fired power plants ruin our health (PDF 3.3 MB). Retrieved August 28, 2018 . Greenpeace , Hamburg, 2013
- ↑ Greenpeace: The ten most unhealthy coal-fired power plants in Germany. (PDF 129 kB)
- ↑ Torsten Hampel: Promote and challenge. In: Der Tagesspiegel . January 29, 2014.
- ↑ Study by WWF on the CO 2 emissions of the 30 most climate-damaging coal-fired power plants in Europe 2014 (English)
- ↑ Entry on the Jänschwalde power plant
- ↑ PRTR regulation 166/2006 (PDF) on the creation of a European pollutant release and transfer register and on the amendment of the Council Directives 91/689 / EEC and 96/61 / EC
- ↑ Cost-benefit analysis of air quality policy , Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) program, European Commission
- ↑ a b Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe , European Environment Agency , Copenhagen, 2011
- ↑ Two heating blocks switched off for the time being. Major fire in the Jänschwalde power plant. Berliner Zeitung from February 9, 2008.
- ↑ Fire in the Jänschwalde power plant: Block B out of operation. focus.de, July 9, 2015.
- ↑ Fire in the Jänschwalde power plant: Block B out of operation. Freiepresse.de, July 9, 2015.
- ^ Fire in the Jänschwalde power station. Expected to be three weeks out of service. Lausitzer Rundschau, July 8, 2015.
- ↑ PoliceBrandenburg_E (@PolizeiBB_E) | Twitter. Retrieved December 8, 2019 .
- ↑ End of the area in Lausitz - activists invade the opencast mine Berliner Morgenpost November 30, 2019.
- ↑ Altmaier on structural change: First talk about new jobs Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 25, 2018.
- ↑ Altmaier promises Lausitz new jobs before old ones disappear Pro Lausitz, June 2018.
- ↑ Block F of the Jaenschwalde power plant in reserve driven Lausitzer Rundschau, September 30, 2018.
- ↑ Employees in Jänschwalde: vigil in front of the power station. Retrieved October 1, 2019 .
- ↑ Electricity customers compensate coal companies Berliner Zeitung October 25, 2015.
- ↑ Jänschwalde unprofitable by more stringent limits - MOZ.de . In: MOZ.de . ( moz.de [accessed on May 9, 2017]).
- ↑ Morgenpost.de: Jänschwalde power plant is to be shut down by the end of 2028 , accessed on January 17, 2020
- ↑ The timetable for the coal phase-out decided on rbb24, January 16, 2020.
