History of the Heilbronn theater life

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The history of the Heilbronn theater life goes back to the Middle Ages. Today the municipal theater in Heilbronn has its own theater division and regularly presents music theater in guest performances.

Origins

The theater tradition in Heilbronn goes back to the sacred and secular amateur plays of the Middle Ages. In the 16th century there were guild-based games of the wild ranks and bad boys . From the end of the Thirty Years' War and into the 18th century, there were many traveling actors. After the Aktien-Theater was built, the brothers-in-law Richard Steng and Konrad Krauss were appointed joint theater directors in 1887. A permanent ensemble was formed.

  • Building of the Stock Theater

  • The Page Pranks November 23, 1831 Aktien-Theater, Heilbronn

  • The Karlsschüler January 27, 1866 Aktien-Theater, Heilbronn

  • Käthchen von Heilbronn, January 15, 1865 Aktien-Theater, Heilbronn, title page

  • Käthchen von Heilbronn, January 15, 1865 Aktien-Theater, Heilbronn

  • Fidelio April 12, 1904 Aktien-Theater, Heilbronn

  • Rose and Röschen November 18, 1864 Aktien-Theater, Heilbronn

Fischer Theater (October 30, 1913 to June 24, 1944)

Fisherman Theater

In 1912/1913 the Fischer'sche theater building was built at the north end of the avenue. At the opening of the building, a consecration play written by Peter Bruckmann and the third act by Richard Wagner's Meistersinger were performed. This was a programmatic prelude to a program that offered both drama and music theater ( opera and operetta ). Works by Scandinavian and German dramatists have been shown in the first ten years since the inauguration . Furthermore all classical dramas were represented. The opera was represented in the repertoire except for the years 1914 to 1916, 1926 to 1928 and 1931 to 1933. The repertoire from 1913 to 1933 also showed all the essential classical and modern operettas . In 1924 there were 80 plays and 129 operas and operettas at the Heilbronn City Theater. In the 1930s, the repertoire of the drama and opera mainly featured folk works. On February 27, 1929, the state parliament visited the Heilbronn theater and examined financial aid to maintain the theater. In doing so, he came to the conclusion that the city theater “should be preserved as a cultural institution for the lowlands ”. On April 1, 1930, the state parliament granted the Heilbronn theater a financial injection of RM 25,000. The Heilbronn opera ensemble thanked them by giving guest performances in many cities in Württemberg. In the years 1923 and 1933 there was a "general desolate situation of the German theater" with "difficulties and obstacles, worries and hardships", whereby "many stages [...] had to be closed" and "thousands of artists [...] became unemployed" . This situation "was clearly reflected in the Heilbronn theater history", so that the theater management had to declare on February 15, 1933 that it was not possible to continue the theater business.

After the seizure of power , theater life in Heilbronn experienced a “decisive turn” when “the redesign of the German theater by Reich Minister Dr. Goebbels… had an immediate and decisive effect on the Heilbronn theater situation ”. Lord Mayor Valid now took over the management of the theater in “fulfillment of the National Socialist cultural policy” and turned “a private stage with a municipal subsidy” into a city theater. The Heilbronn theater had to subordinate itself to the cultural and political objectives of the Nazi regime, and increasingly showed (when it was completely taken over by the city) as a "light muse" during the war years. The directors were Richard Krauss (1933 to 1936), Hans Gerhard Bartels (1936) and Franz-Joseph Delius (from 1937). In 1940 there were 349 performances at the Heilbronn City Theater. In addition, the Heilbronn ensemble played in the theater in Bad Wildbad in the summer months . On June 24, 1944, the theater operation ended with the drafting of theater workers into the military or armaments factories. Delius came to Allenstein as artistic director , from where theatrical performances were organized for troops from the front. The Fischer'sche theater building became unusable for theater operations with the air raid on Heilbronn.

Heilbronner Künstler-Theater e. V. (1945–1946)

In the post-war period, the theater was run in various venues. On November 1, 1945, the theater began in the 350-seat ballroom of the Trappensee restaurant with Wirmachen Musik . Ernst Köneke was in charge of the Heilbronn Arts Theater. The next premiere was Ingeborg von Curt Goetz. An opera concert and other plays were shown. The Heilbronn artist theater also gave guest performances in Obereisesheim, Frankenbach, Großgartach, Weinsberg and Flein. When the Trappensee room was also used for school operations and for cinema events, new premises had to be found.

  • Trappensee

Heilbronn Theater V. and Neues Theater Heilbronn e. V. (1946–1949)

On February 6, 1946, Franz Lehár's operetta The Land of Smiles was opened under the musical direction of Robert Edler, the new venue in the Sonne restaurant in Sontheim. The motto was "And new life blooms from the ruins". Ernst Köneke headed the Heilbronner Künstler-Theater in Sontheim until August 1946, where spoken and musical theater was performed. The Heilbronn Artists' Theater in Sontheim was later renamed the Heilbronn Theater and was headed by Dr. Erich Weidner, then headed by Eberhard Schmohl until the end of 1947. Fritz Wilde became the theater director, and the Heilbronn Theater was renamed the New Theater Heilbronn, offering operettas and drama performances. Fritz Wilde (1902–1989) had previously organized concerts in the shooting house in Heilbronn. Wilde worked as an actor himself and played General Harras 50 times in Des Teufels General , a drama by Carl Zuckmayer, completed in 1945 . On April 2, 1949, the theater in Sontheim ended.

  • Old theater, Sontheim

  • The mask head comes from the Old Theater , was recovered and served as a tombstone for Anne and Fritz Wilde.

Kulturring Heilbronn e. V. (1949)

The Kulturring Heilbronn eV was founded in 1949 under the chairmanship of Carl Frühsorger and was responsible for the open-air performances as part of the Kätchen Festival , which took place for the first time from September 3 to 14, 1952 in the Deutschordenshof. The culture ring thus tied in with the tradition of the amateur play group who played Das Käthchen von Heilbronn for the first time in the Deutschhof in 1929 .

  • 3rd-15th September 1952: Käthchen von Heilbronn from Heinrich von Kleist with Dorothea Mayer from the Schauspielhaus Hamburg in the title role in place of the sick Ruth Niehaus , Waldemar Leitgeb from the Badisches Landestheater Karlsruhe, Count Wetter vom Strahl. A Merian magazine published in 1952 shows the actress Niehaus on the title page, who is standing in the large Deutschhof Heilbronn - a picture that repeatedly leads to the erroneous assumption that Ruth Niehaus played in the performance:

“In Heilbronn's Festival, the real Käthchen steps out of the walls of the Teutonic Order House… The title photo, a recording by Paul Swiridoff , Schwäbisch Hall, shows the actress Ruth Niehaus as Käthchen. She embodies this role in the open-air performances of Kleist's drama that took place in Heilbronn in autumn 1952. "

“Ruth Niehaus receives the honor and her portrait adorns the title page of Merian issue 3/1952, which is dedicated to the city of Heilbronn. With long blond hair and a lace-up dress, she stands in a Romanesque archway - so for many Heilbronn residents she becomes a kind of icon, the embodiment of Käthchen par excellence. "

“Theater in the ruins. The festival in the Deutschhof ruins in front of the scaffolded Kiliansturm has been very attractive since 1952. Dorothea Mayer (1953) and Ruth Niehaus change as "Käthchen". "

  • 1st - 12th July 1953: Käthchen von Heilbronn by Heinrich von Kleist with Dorothea Mayer from the Schauspielhaus Hamburg.
  • July 17 - August 7, 1954 Urfaust with Ruth Niehaus as Gretchen, Richard Lauffen as Faust, Alexander Golling as Mephisto. The performance formed the first part of the annual Deutschhof Festival with 8,500 visitors.
  • August 19 - September 3, 1954 Anna Susanna by Georg Weitbrecht. On August 28, 1954, Federal President Heuss and Interior Minister Fritz Ulrich attended the performance, the author Weitbrecht was also present.
  • 1st - 12th July 1955 Die Räuber von Schiller under the artistic direction of Wilhelm Speidel in the presence of Interior Minister Fritz Ulrich.
  • June 29 - August 19, 1956 Wilhelm Tell directed by Wilhelm Speidel. The event of the Kulturring enjoyed great popularity: "The influx is so great that additional performances have to be carried out."
  • Heilbronn, Kätchen, 1908.JPG

  • Deutschhof (July 2006)

Small Theater Heilbronn e. V. (1951–1968)

In the "theaterless time after 1948", the wish was expressed to found a new theater company. So in 1951 contact was sought with the local committee of the German Federation of Trade Unions. The reason was that the large hall of the union building was the only suitable room in Heilbronn for a theater. The DGB provided the funds and initially free of charge the large hall and the necessary rooms. On March 8, 1951, the premiere took place with A Game of Death and Love . The active director Hans Heinz Franckh staged the play by Romain Rolland . The second piece was a comedy by Paul Helwig : Honeymoon . Due to the high number of visitors, the Small Theater Heilbronn Association was founded in the summer of 1951, which "often showed significant achievements in all branches of drama and musicals, which the city and the country recognized through continuously increasing grants". 1st chairman was Hans Franke, 2nd chairman was Hermann Wente. The theater opened on October 12, 1951, with Alfred Henschke (Klabund) showing the chalk circle . The artistic director of the Small Theater Heilbronn was Hans Heinz Franckh. While only plays were shown in the 1951/1952 season, operettas were also performed in the second season. The Small Theater Heilbronn also gave guest performances, for example in Möckmühl, Weinsberg, Bietigheim, Ludwigsburg, Kornwestheim, Lauffen and Neckarsulm. At the end of the 1953/54 season, Hans Heinz Franckh ended his activity as artistic director and Walter Bison became the new senior director of the Small Theater Heilbronn, which now employed a permanent ensemble . At the beginning of the 1956/57 season, Walter Bison was appointed artistic director. A lot has changed musically: In addition to the plays, the major operettas were only performed until the 1958/59 season, after which, in addition to the drama, there were only musicals, singspiele and musical comedies. After Hans Franke died in 1964, Hermann Wente took over the position of 1st chairman. On April 1, 1968, Walter Brunken became administrative director of the Small Theater in Heilbronn.

  • Union house

Heilbronner Theater GmbH (from 1968)

At the beginning of the 1968/69 season, the legal form of the Small Theater Heilbronn was changed. The Heilbronn Theater was founded; a GmbH whose shareholders were the city of Heilbronn with 90% and otherwise the cultural association of the DGB Stuttgart. In August 1969 Ingrid Richter-Wendel joined the Heilbronn Ensemble, to which she still belonged on January 20, 2013, her 80th birthday.

In addition to the union building, a second venue was opened in the Harmonie in March 1970 with the studio stage of Heilbronner Theater GmbH ( small stage ) . At the premiere was bus 5 by Raymond Queneau shown. The predecessor of the Studiobühne was theater 68, which had been founded by the city councilor Klaus Dieter Noé and the actor Marc Luxemburger and showed an “ambitious contrast program to conventional, more audience-oriented schedules” over two seasons without public subsidies. Since 1971 this company has been continued as the studio stage of the Heilbronner Theaters. In addition to the program offer in the union building, the 83-seat studio stage showed five to eight, primarily experimental and avant-garde pieces per season. March 1977 the operation of the studio stage in Harmonie was ended. 49 studio productions had been shown by then.

At the beginning of the 1976 season, the 25th anniversary of the Heilbronner Theater was celebrated in the union building. The festival production was the comedy What You Want by William Shakespeare . In July 1980 Walter Bison ended his activity as artistic director and was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit by Mayor Hoffmann. The new director was Klaus Wagner from the 1980/81 season.

A second venue was opened on September 19, 1980 under the artistic director Klaus Wagner in the Alte Kelter in the Gymnasiumstraße in Heilbronn. Anatevka , a musical by Scholem Alejchem , was featured at the premiere . The theater in the wine press now offered the form of spatial theater .

  • The studio stage in harmony 1970/1977

City Theater Heilbronn (from 1982)

The Heilbronn City Theater was inaugurated on November 16, 1982 with the play My fair Lady.

Directors

  • 1919–1933 Steng & Krauss
  • 1933–1936 Richard Krauss
  • 1936 Hans Gerhard Bartels
  • 1937–1944 Franz-Joseph Delius
  • 1956–1980 Walter Bison
  • 1980–2003 Klaus Wagner
  • 2003–2008 Dr. Martin Roeder Zerndt
  • 2008 Axel first name

World premieres

Victim (March 30, 1920)

The Kammerspiele provided a stage for contemporary, time-critical drama. A generation that was shaped by the First World War was active at the Heilbronn City Theater in the "Golden Twenties". Socially critical and political problem plays were performed in the theater. The Heilbronn theater became known nationwide through the play Sacrifice, written by Hans Franke , which premiered on March 30, 1920 and triggered a scandal about the main actor Albert Johannes.

The Stuttgarter Neue Tagblatt wrote:

“The motif of the revolution as the redemption of humanity ... is more romanticized by Franke than expressionistically determined and concentrated. Franke's language often rose from rhythmic prose to beautifully lively verse. It is very rich in pictures ... but not actually colored ... The use of words is always stronger than the effect. The sound of the language doesn't hold up ... And this is probably the decisive question for Franke's further development. He is clearly an extremely receptive, cuddly talent. But he takes on too much from others. One often has the impression that this young poet actually experiences only indirectly. But he must experience directly, originally feel. Only then will the words really become an expression for him and not only have a meaning, but also gain a specific skill in the expression ... So this is the turning point in his work for the young Hans Franke ... "

In the Swabian Mercury from Stuttgart was to read.

“Franke is a representative of Expressionism. Like all followers of the same, he mainly wants to bring inner experience into an art form, but he lacks the strength to a certain extent for a gripping, dramatic design that connects the inner conflicts with external actions ... Language becomes, as Expressionism loves, often impaired by incoherently thrown words, but otherwise clear and to the point and in some of the interspersed lyrical passages of real beauty. In any case, the drama as a youth work is quite a remarkable achievement. "

In the Leipzig Latest News it says:

“It is an announcement that a newcomer has stepped among the young dramatists who, if he succeeds in the last economy of his wealth of ideas, seems to have what it takes to merge the forms of expression that have become in dramatic art from the classics to the most recent times into one to dare a new form of expression of drama full of beauty and a dramatic swing of thoughts. "

Downfall (February 16, 1925)

Hans Franke's drama Downfall, which was premiered in the theater on February 16, 1925, is described as follows:

“On the whole, the performance itself can be described as a very respectable achievement for Heilbronn. Scenes and representation filled the sense of the language, the style and the idea with color, blood and design. Senior director Grupp showed talent when he retained the symbolic in general and threw the tower, dungeon and capital into the room in simple lines. The construction of the tower, which was supposed to be the focus of the action, did not seem to be entirely successful. It was built too complicated, confused and differentiated the monotony demanded by the meaning and was more like a house than an oppressive sculpture from which all the screams of the soul should necessarily ricochet off. The dungeon scene and the Moloch part of the 3rd act had size, doom and gloom and idea in terms of lighting and structure. "

Other premieres were those of the novel Die Hippferdbude by Rudolf Utzinger, The City Behind the Stream by Hermann Kasack , Volpone by Ben Jonson , The Creature and Disease of Youth by Theodor Tagger (Ferdinand Bruckner) and the drama Chasing him a man! by Erwin Kolbenheyer, Lukardis by Jakob Wassermann and Otto Rombach .

Corpus Christi (1999)

The Heilbronn Theater became known worldwide through its European premiere of Corpus Christi by the American author Terrence McNally from September 1999 to February 2000. The title was officially given as the hometown of the American artist, others see it as a modern passion story: Jesus and his disciples are portrayed as a group of homosexual men, the figure of Mary is designed as a transvestite role and is portrayed as a prostitute .

The Schwäbisches Tagblatt from Stuttgart of March 26, 2000 says Heilbronn is not Oberammergau :

“Tonight, for example, it will take place on the Heilbronn stage, the fiercely controversial gay passion 'Corpus Christi' , [...] Of course, the Son of Man comes out as gay and is sometimes even too weak to heal. But he takes the often overused concept of love seriously and sometimes literally: Neither the text nor the (fairly harmless) theatrical performance represent an unchristian, emotional or even blasphemous work. And that the incarnation of Christ can also have a corpus, so not entirely without it Sin remains, must be allowed as an idea ... "

literature

  • Günther Emig (Ed.): The Käthchen Festival 1952 in the Deutschhof. A documentation . Heilbronn: Kleist Archive Sembdner 2005. (Käthchen in Heilbronn. 2). ISBN 3-931060-84-5
  • Helmut Schmolz: From the medieval mystery play to the modern city theater. In: Herbert Haldy (Ed.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 59–64.
  • Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Ed.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65-78.
  • Ziemann, Erich: "Twenty-five years of the Heilbronn City Theater (1913/1938)", in: Heilbronn City Theater (Festschrift for the 25th anniversary, published by the management of the Heilbronn City Theater, compiled by Dr. Erich Ziemann), Heilbronn 1938.
  • Hans Franke: theater city with tradition. Important world premieres drew attention to Heilbronn in the twenties. A review in 1962. In: Gerhard Schwinghammer (Ed.): Heilbronn and Hans Franke. Publicist, poet and critic 1893–1964 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn 1989, ISBN 3-921923-06-9 (Heilbronner Voice / Book Series, 3), pp. 64–66.
  • Hubert Weckbach: “Sacrifice” - a drama at the Heilbronn City Theater . In: Gerhard Schwinghammer (ed.): Heilbronn and Hans Franke. Publicist, poet and critic 1893–1964 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn 1989, ISBN 3-921923-06-9 (Heilbronner Voice / Book Series, 3), pp. 44–47.
  • Hans Ulrich Eberle: literature and theater. In: City and District of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart and Aalen 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0121-8 , pp. 164-172.
  • Heilbronn City Archives, ZS-9249.
  • Walter Bison (Ed.): Small Theater Heilbronn: Jubilee season 1960/1961 [10 years Small Theater Heilbronn ...] Small commemorative publication for the tenth anniversary of the Small Theater Heilbronn. With a chronicle by Hans Franke and a list of the items listed from 1951 onwards . Heilbronn 1961.
  • Walter Bison (Ed.): 25 years Heilbronn Theater: 1951 - 1976. Small commemorative publication for the 25th anniversary of the Small Theater Heilbronn. With a chronicle by Hans Franke until 1961 (already appeared in the commemorative publication for the tenth anniversary) and a list of the items listed ("Werkstatistik") from 1951 , Heilbronn 1976.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: Heilbronn as it was . Droste, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7700-0746-8
  2. ^ A b Hans Ulrich Eberle: Literature and Theater. In: City and District of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart and Aalen 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0121-8 , pp. 164-172, there pp. 169-172.
  3. ↑ a b c d Ziemann, Twenty-five Years of the Heilbronn City Theater (1913/1938) , p. 21f.
  4. ↑ a b Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Ed.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65–78, p. 63f.
  5. ^ Jacobi, That was the 20th century in Heilbronn , p. 33
  6. ^ Hans Ulrich Eberle: Literature and Theater. In: City and District of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart and Aalen 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0121-8 , pp. 164–172, on this p. 170.
  7. ↑ Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Hrsg.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: on the opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65–78, on p. 65.
  8. ↑ Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Hrsg.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: on the opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65–78, on p. 65.
  9. ↑ Heilbronn City Archives, signature ZS-3076.
  10. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn . Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2001, ISBN 3-86134-703-2 . P. 59 [Deutschhof Festival]
  11. ↑ Werner Föll, Stadtarchiv Heilbronn (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952-1957 , Heilbronn Stadtarchiv, 1995, pp. 17, 27, 52, 126, 128, 208, 212, 214, 216, 222, 255, 269 , 277, 299, 350, 360, 435 [Deutschhof Festival].
  12. ^ Brigitte Fritz-Kador and Johannes Altincioglu: Carlo - The art of living. With the eyes of friendship: Dr. Carl early caretaker. Verlag Balzek and Bergmann, ISBN 3-9806536-8-4 .
  13. ↑ Günther Emig (Ed.): The Käthchen Festival 1952 in the Deutschhof. A documentation , Kleist Archive Sembdner 2005, p. 89 [Dorothea Mayer (1927-2000) - Das Käthchen von 1952].
  14. ↑ Günther Emig (Ed.): The Käthchen Festival 1952 in the Deutschhof. A documentation , Kleist Archive Sembdner 2005, p. 37
  15. ^ Participants according to the Heilbronn City Archives, ZS: Dorothea Mayer; Wilhelm Speidel; Waldemar Leitgeb; Early carer, Weller; Edith Frölich; Kurt Conde
  16. ↑ Werner Föll, Heilbronn City Archives (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952–1957 , Heilbronn City Archives, 1995, p. 52 [Deutschhof Festival].
  17. ↑ Merian, The monthly issue from Hoffmann and Campe Verlag, edited by Heinrich Leippe, 1952, 5th year, issue 3: Heilbronn am Neckar , title photo and p. 98.
  18. ^ Uwe Degreif: Sculptures and Scandals: Art Conflicts in Baden-Württemberg , Tübinger Vereinigung für Volkskunde, 1997, p. 62
  19. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn . Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2001, ISBN 3-86134-703-2 . P. 57
  20. ↑ Werner Föll, Heilbronn City Archives (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952-1957 , Heilbronn City Archives, 1995, p. 126 [Deutschhof Festival].
  21. ↑ Werner Föll, Stadtarchiv Heilbronn (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952–1957, Heilbronn Stadtarchiv, 1995, p. 208
  22. ↑ Werner Föll, Heilbronn City Archives (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952-1957, Heilbronn City Archives, 1995, p. 212 [Deutschhof Festival].
  23. ↑ Werner Föll, Stadtarchiv Heilbronn (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952–1957 , Heilbronn Stadtarchiv, 1995, pp. 214, 216.
  24. ↑ Werner Föll, Stadtarchiv Heilbronn (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952-1957 , Heilbronn Stadtarchiv, 1995, p. 277.
  25. ↑ Werner Föll, Stadtarchiv Heilbronn (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952–1957 , Heilbronn Stadtarchiv, 1995, p. 360.
  26. ↑ Werner Föll, Stadtarchiv Heilbronn (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn: 1952-1957 , Heilbronn Stadtarchiv, 1995, p. 435.
  27. ↑ Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Hrsg.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65-78, on p. 66.
  28. ^ Hans Ulrich Eberle: Literature and Theater. In: City and District of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart and Aalen 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0121-8 , pp. 164–172, there p. 170.
  29. ↑ Claudia Ihlefeld: No matter where: The main thing is theater . In: Heilbronn voice . January 19, 2013 ( short version from Stimme.de [accessed January 19, 2013]).
  30. ^ A b Hans Ulrich Eberle: Literature and Theater. In: City and District of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart and Aalen 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0121-8 , pp. 164–172, on this p. 172.
  31. ↑ Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Hrsg.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65–78, on p. 68.
  32. ↑ Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Hrsg.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65–78.
  33. ^ According to Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, signature ZS-9249.
  34. ↑ Hubert Weckbach: Sacrifice - A drama by Hans Franke , in: Schwaben und Franken (local history supplement of the Heilbronner voice), 28th volume - number 11 / November 1982, page II
  35. ↑ Hubert Weckbach: "Sacrifice" - a drama at the Heilbronn City Theater . In: Gerhard Schwinghammer (ed.): Heilbronn and Hans Franke. Publicist, poet and critic 1893–1964 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn 1989, ISBN 3-921923-06-9 (Heilbronner Voice / Book Series, 3), pp. 44-47, there pp. 46-47.
  36. ↑ Hubert Weckbach: "Sacrifice" - a drama at the Heilbronn City Theater . In: Gerhard Schwinghammer (ed.): Heilbronn and Hans Franke. Publicist, poet and critic 1893–1964 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn 1989, ISBN 3-921923-06-9 (Heilbronner Voice / Book Series, 3), pp. 44-47, there p. 47.
  37. ↑ Hubert Weckbach: "Sacrifice" - a drama at the Heilbronn City Theater . In: Gerhard Schwinghammer (ed.): Heilbronn and Hans Franke. Publicist, poet and critic 1893–1964 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn 1989, ISBN 3-921923-06-9 (Heilbronner Voice / Book Series, 3), pp. 44-47, there p. 47.
  38. ↑ Ernst Müller: Theater modern: "Downfall" . In: Gerhard Schwinghammer (ed.): Heilbronn and Hans Franke. Publicist, poet and critic 1893–1964 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn 1989, ISBN 3-921923-06-9 (Heilbronner Voice / Book Series, 3), p. 48.
  39. ^ Hans Franke: Theater city with tradition. Important world premieres drew attention to Heilbronn in the twenties. A review in 1962. In: Gerhard Schwinghammer (Ed.): Heilbronn and Hans Franke. Publicist, poet and critic 1893–1964 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn 1989, ISBN 3-921923-06-9 (Heilbronner Voice / Book Series, 3), pp. 64–66.
  40. ↑ Jürgen Frahm: Streiflichter on Heilbronn theater history after 1945. In: Herbert Haldy (Hrsg.): Stadttheater Heilbronn: opening on November 16, 1982 , Heilbronn 1982, pp. 65–78, p. 62.