Gian Francesco Malipiero

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Gian Francesco Malipiero (born March 18, 1882 in Venice , † August 1, 1973 in Treviso ) was an Italian composer and musicologist .

Life

Malipiero came from a family of musicians of noble origin. His grandfather Francesco Malipiero (1824–1887) was an opera composer, his father Luigi was a pianist and conductor , and his nephew Riccardo Malipiero (1914–2003) was also a composer. After his parents separated in 1893, Gian Francesco traveled with his father to Trieste , Berlin and finally to Vienna , where he briefly studied at the local conservatory under Stefan Stocker . In 1899, after his return to Venice, he began teaching with Marco Enrico Bossi , whom he followed to Bologna in 1904 .

Without any external stimulus, Malipiero had been occupied with older Italian music since 1902. In the Biblioteca Marciana, he discovered the works of Claudio Monteverdi , Girolamo Frescobaldi , Claudio Merulo and others. A short study visit to Berlin with Max Bruch in 1908 brought him little ; The decisive factor for him was his visit to Paris in 1913 , where he attended the premiere of Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps and the friendship with his compatriot Alfredo Casella began. He then discarded almost all of his earlier compositions.

From 1910, Malipiero lived in a house in Asolo near Venice, but had to flee with his family to Rome in 1917 due to the hostilities , where he stayed until 1921. He then became a composition teacher at the Conservatory in Parma for three years and in 1922 bought the house in Asolo, where he lived until his death. From 1926 to 1942 he published an edition of all of Monteverdi's works and had them printed at his own expense. From 1947 he participated in the publication of Antonio Vivaldi's instrumental works . From 1932 he taught composition at the Liceo Musicale in Venice, which he directed from 1939 to 1952. During his teaching there, he initially conformed to the cultural aesthetics of the fascist Mussolini regime, which colleagues (e.g. Alfredo Casella ) and critics continued to accuse him for a long time. Malipiero composed incessantly into his old age, although most of his later works are controversial in terms of quality.

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Malipiero's early works, some of which have survived as manuscripts , are still heavily influenced by Debussy's impressionism and late Romantic musical language. But in his works after the First World War , his preoccupation with old Italian music became more and more audible. A clear break with the verism prevailing at the time can be felt in his stage works in particular . Malipiero developed a new dramaturgy ; In his often short stage works, text and plot are pushed back and simplified, the music is the focus, pantomime and ballet often replace the opera singers. In the time between the two world wars, he achieved his most convincing compositions. Later he turned to literary opera again, with less success .

Malipiero transferred the dramaturgy of his operas to his instrumental works. Both his eight string quartets and his eleven numbered and six unnumbered symphonies , the titles of which have no particular programmatic significance, dispense with the classic principles of developing themes and building contrasts. Rather, the individual movements are lined up like a suite, the musical weight lies in their perfect contrapuntal elaboration. However, the musical language of the works is changeable, fluctuating between a simple diatonic and an individual use of sometimes bulky chromaticism .

Honors

In 1949, Malipiero was elected an honorary foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters . 1951 honorary member of the International Society for Contemporary Music ISCM ( International Society for New Music ). In 1968 he was awarded an Antonio Feltrinelli Prize .

Works

  • Operas
    • Schiavona (possibly destroyed)
    • Elen e Fuldano (1907-1909)
    • Canossa (1911-12; premier 1914)
    • Sogno d'un tramonto d'autunno (1913; premiere 1963)
    • Lancelotto de lago (1914-1915)
    • L'orfeide (triptych: La morte delle maschere (1921–1922), Sette canzoni (1918–19), Orfeo, ovvero L'ottava canzone (1919–1920); WP 1925)
    • S Francesco d'Assisi (1920–1921; premiere 1922 (concert version), 1949)
    • Tre commedie goldoniane (Tritychon: La bottega da caffè (1922), Sior Todero Brontolon (1922), Le baruffe chiozzotte (1920); WP 1926)
    • Filomela e l'infatuato (1925; WP 1928)
    • Merlino mastro d'organi (1926–1927; WP 1934 (broadcast), 1972)
    • Il mistero di Venezia (Triptych: Le aquile di Aquilea (1928), Il finto Arlecchino (1925), I corvi di S Marco (1928); WP 1932)
    • Torneo notturno (1929; WP 1931)
    • I trionfi d'amore (1930–1931, triptych: Castel smeraldo , Mascherate , Giochi olimpici ; premier of No. 2 1937)
    • La bella e il mostro (1930; possibly lost)
    • La favola del figlio cambiato (1932–1933; WP 1934)
    • Giulio Cesare (1934–1935; Premiere 1936)
    • Antonio e Cleopatra (1936–1937; Premiere 1938)
    • Ecuba (1940; premiere 1941)
    • La vita è sogno (1940–1941; premiere 1943)
    • I capricci di Callot (1941–1942; WP 1942)
    • L'allegra brigata (1943; premiere 1950)
    • Virgilii Aeneid . Sinfonia eroica (1943–1944; premiered 1946 (radio), 1958)
    • Mondi celesti e infernali (1948–1949; premiered 1950 (broadcast), 1961)
    • Il figliuol prodigo (1952; premiered 1953 (radio), 1957)
    • Donna Urraca (1953–1954; Premiere 1954)
    • Il capitan Spavento (1954–1955; premiere 1963)
    • Venere prigioniera (1955; premiere 1957)
    • Rappresentazione e festa di Carnasciale e della Quaresima (1961; WP 1962 (concert), 1970)
    • Don Giovanni (1962; premiered 1963)
    • Le metamorfosi di Bonaventura (1963–1965; Premiere 1966)
    • Don Tartufo Bacchettone (1966; premiere 1970)
    • Il marescalco (1960–1968; WP 1969)
    • Gli eroi di Bonaventura (excerpts from older works, 1968; premiere 1969)
    • Uno dei dieci (1970; premiere 1971)
    • L'Iscariota (1970; 1971)
  • Ballets
    • I selvaggi (1918)
    • Pantea (1917-1919)
    • La mascherata delle principesse prigionere (1919)
    • Oriente immaginario (1920)
    • Stradivario (1947-1948)
    • El mondo novo (1950–1951)
  • Symphonies
    • Sinfonia degli eroi (1905)
    • Sinfonia del mare (1906)
    • Symphony del silenzio e de la morte (1909–1910)
    • Symphony No. 1 in quattro tempi, come le quattro stagioni (1933)
    • Symphony No. 2 elegiaca (1936)
    • Symphony No. 3 delle campane (1944–1945)
    • Symphony No. 4 in memoriam (1946)
    • Symphony No. 5 concertante, in eco (1947)
    • Symphony No. 6 for strings (1947; also version for string quintet), a commission for Paul Sacher
    • Symphony No. 7 delle canzoni (1948)
    • Sinfonia in un tempo (1950)
    • Sinfonia dello zodiaco (1951)
    • Sinfonia per Antegenida (1962)
    • Symphony No. 8 Symphonia brevis (1964)
    • Symphony No. 9 dell'ahimè (1966)
    • Symphony No. 10 atropo (1967)
    • Symphony No. 11 delle cornamuse (1969)
  • Further orchestral works
    • Dai "Sepolcri" . Symphonic poem (1904)
    • Dalle Alpi . Suite (1904–1905)
    • Impressioni dal vero (I, 1910–11; II, 1914–1915; III, 1921–1922)
    • Danze e canzoni (1911–1912)
    • Vendemmiale (La fine d'una festa) (before 1914)
    • Armenia (1917)
    • Ditirambo tragico (1917)
    • Pause del silenzio (I, 1917; II ( Sul fiume del tempo, L'esilio dell'eroe, Il grillo cantarino ), 1925–1926)
    • Per una favola cavalleresca (from the opera Lancelotto del lago , 1921)
    • Grottesco (based on the ballet I selvaggi , 1923)
    • Sette invenzioni (1933)
    • Quattro invenzioni (La festa degli indolenti) (1933)
    • Inni (1932-1934)
    • Passacaglie (1952)
    • Elegia-capriccio (1953)
    • Fantasy di ogni giorno (1953)
    • La lanterna magica (based on the ballet El mondo novo , 1955)
    • Dialogo no. 1 "con Manuel de Falla, in memoria" (1955–1956)
    • Notturno di canti e balli (1957)
    • Cinque studi (1960)
    • Variazioni su un tema di G. Simone Mayr (1963)
    • Omaggio a Belmonte (Arnold Schönberg) (1971)
    • S Zanipolo (1971)
  • Concerts
    • Arione for violoncello and orchestra (1912)
    • Variazioni senza tema for piano and orchestra (1923)
    • Concerti (1931)
    • Violin Concerto No. 1 (1932)
    • Piano Concerto No. 1 (1934)
    • Piano Concerto No. 2 (1937)
    • Cello Concerto (1937)
    • Concerto a tre for piano trio and orchestra (1938)
    • Piano Concerto No. 3 (1948)
    • Piano Concerto No. 4 (1950)
    • Concerto for strings (1952)
    • Fantasie concertanti for piano trio and orchestra (1954)
    • Dialogo no.5 quasi concerto for viola and orchestra (1956)
    • Dialogo no.6 quasi concerto for harpsichord and orchestra (1956)
    • Dialogo no.7 for 2 pianos and orchestra (1956)
    • Piano Concerto No. 5 (1958)
    • Violin Concerto No. 2 (1963)
    • Piano Concerto No. 6 delle macchine (1964)
    • Flute Concerto (1967–1968)
  • Vocal works with orchestra
    • Canto notturno di un pastore errante dell'Asia for baritone, choir and orchestra (1909–1910)
    • La principessa Ulalia for tenor, baritone, choir and orchestra (1924)
    • La cena for male voices, choir and orchestra (1927)
    • Il commiato for baritone and orchestra (1934)
    • La Passione for soprano, 2 tenors, baritone, choir and orchestra (1935)
    • Missa pro mortuis for baritone, choir and orchestra (1938)
    • S Eufrosina for soprano, 2 baritones, choir and orchestra (1942)
    • Le sette peccati mortali for choir and orchestra (1946)
    • La terra for choir and orchestra (1946)
    • La festa della Sensa for baritone, choir and orchestra (1949–1950)
    • Cinque favole for soprano or tenor and small orchestra (1950)
    • L'ottavo dialogo: la morte de Socrate for baritone and small orchestra (1957)
    • Magister Josephus for soprano, alto, tenor, baritone and orchestra (1957)
    • Preludio e morte di Macbeth for baritone and orchestra (1958)
    • L'asino d'oro for baritone and orchestra (1959)
    • Concerto di concerti, ovvero Dell'uom malcontento for baritone, violin and orchestra (1959–1960)
    • Abracadabra for baritone and orchestra (1962)
    • L'aredodese for speaker, choir and orchestra (1967)
  • String quartets
    • String Quartet (1907-10)
    • String Quartet No. 1 Rispetti e strambotti (1920)
    • String Quartet No. 2 Stornelli e ballate (1923)
    • String Quartet No. 3 Cantàri alla madrigalesca (1931)
    • String Quartet No. 4 (1934)
    • String Quartet No. 5 dei capricci (1950)
    • String Quartet No. 6 L'arca di Noè (1947)
    • String Quartet No. 7 (1950)
    • String Quartet No. 8 per Elizabetta (1963–1964)
  • More chamber music
    • Cello Sonata in D minor (1907–1908)
    • Canto crepuscolare e canto notturno for violin and piano (1914)
    • Il canto della lontananza for violin and piano (1919)
    • Ricercari for 11 instruments (1925)
    • Ritrovari for 11 instruments (1926)
    • Sonata a 3 for piano trio (1927)
    • Canto nell'infinito for violin and piano (1930)
    • Epodi e giambe for oboe, bassoon, violin and viola (1932)
    • Sonata a 5 for flute, string trio and harp (1934)
    • Sonatina for cello and piano (1942)
    • Sonata a 4 for flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon (1954)
    • Dialogo no.4 per 5 strumenti a perdifiato for wind quintet (1956)
    • Impromptu pastorale for oboe and piano (1957)
    • Le fanfaron de la fanfare for trumpet and piano (1958)
    • Serenata mattutina for 10 instruments (1959)
    • Serenata for bassoon and 10 instruments (1961)
    • Preludio for guitar (1961)
    • Macchine for 14 instruments (1963; incorporated into Piano Concerto No. 6)
    • End code for 14 instruments and percussion (1966)
  • Piano music
    • 6 morceaux (6 pezzi) (1905)
    • Bizzarrie luminose dell'alba, del meriggio, della notte (1908)
    • 3 danze antiche (1910)
    • Poemetti lunari (1909-1910)
    • Tre improvisi per pianola
    • Impressioni (before 1914)
    • Preludi autunnali (1914)
    • Poemi asolani (1916)
    • Barlumi (1917)
    • Maschere che passano (1918)
    • Risonanze (1918)
    • La siesta (1920)
    • A Claude Debussy (1920)
    • Omaggi: a un pappagallo, a un elefante, a un idiota (1920)
    • Cavalcate (1921)
    • Il tarlo (1922)
    • Pasqua di resurrezione (1924)
    • 3 preludi e una fuga (1926)
    • Epitaffio (1931)
    • Prelude à une fugue imaginaire (1932)
    • I minuetti di Ca'Tiepolo (1932)
    • Preludio, ritmi e canti gregoriani (1937)
    • Preludio e fuga (1940)
    • Hortus conclusus (1946)
    • Stradivario for 2 pianos (1955)
    • Dialogo no.2 for 2 pianos (1955)
    • 5 studi per domani (1959)
    • Variazione sulla pantomima dell ' amor brujo di Manuel de Falla (1959)
    • Bianchi e neri (1964)

reception

In 1985 the German director Georg Brintrup shot the musical film Poemi Asolani about the life and work of Gian Francesco Malipiero .

literature

  • Marcello Sorce Keller: A Bent for Aphorisms. Some Remarks about Music and about His Own Music by Gian Francesco Malipiero. In: The Music Review. Vol. XXXIX No. 3/4, 1978, ISSN  0027-4445 , pp. 231-239.
  • Beate Thiemann: The symphonies of Gian Francesco Malipieros , Bosse, Kassel 2001 (Cologne contributions to music research 210), ISBN 3-7649-2642-2
  • John CG Waterhouse: Gian Francesco Malipiero (1882–1973). The Life, Times and Music of a Wayward Genius. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam 1999, ISBN 90-5702-210-9 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Reinhard Brembeck: jubilation and smell of tones. Two new books about Claudio Monteverdi, who was baptized 450 years ago . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of May 15, 2017, p. 12.
  2. ^ Honorary Members: G. Francesco Malipiero. American Academy of Arts and Letters, accessed March 15, 2019 .
  3. ^ ISCM Honorary Members
  4. Poemi Asolani in the Internet Movie Database (English)