Gian Giorgio Trissino
Gian Giorgio Trissino ['tri: s: ino] (born July 8, 1478 in Vicenza , † 1550 in Rome ) was an Italian poet and linguist .
Life
Gian Giorgio Trissino was born in Vicenza to a patrician family, but was soon expelled from his hometown and expropriated because he had supported the candidacy of the Roman-German Emperor Charles V in Vicenza. He studied Greek with Demetrios Chalkokondyles in Milan and philosophy with Niccolò Leoniceno in Ferrara and then traveled all over Italy. Trissino was supported above all by Pope Leo X , who sent him to Germany as ambassador and had his conviction lifted, as well as by his successor Clement VII , whom he accompanied to the church congress in Bologna . In 1536 he met the architect Palladio , whom he financed a trip to Rome in 1541 to study Roman architecture. Trissino spent the rest of his life in Padua , Milan and Rome.
Works
Trissino's most famous work is the tragedy Sofonisba (Rome 1524, German 1888), which he wrote in Rome between 1514 and 1515, but was only performed for the first time in 1556. Trissino wrote the work in rhyming five-footed iambi ( versi sciolti ), which he is said to have been the first to introduce into Italian literature, but in individual episodes he also falls back into rhyming stanzas. Here, too, Trissino follows the technique of the Greek theater by introducing a choir to comment on the plot and by strictly observing the unity of plot and time.
In the comedy I Simillimi (1548) Trissino tries to introduce types of Latin comedy according to Plautus into Italian literature, again combined with the techniques of Greek theater.
With Italia liberata dai Goti ( Italy liberated from the Goths ), on which he worked for over twenty years, Trissino attempted to create a national heroic epic based on historical events. The background to the plot is the war between the Goths and the Byzantines for the conquest of Italy in the 6th century; the hero is Belisarius , the Byzantine general. Trissino Prokop served as the source ; he took the poetic basis from Ars poetica by Aristotle , the model is Homer . However, the attempt to combine mythology and Christian religion fails, and the Italian elf silver used by Trissino based on ancient patterns also looks clumsy . The epic comprises a total of 27 books and was finished in 1547.
Following the example of the Greek language as an Attic Koine , Trissino developed his conception of Italian in Castellano , in which his alter ego Giovanni Rucellai developed his theories on language planning . On the basis of different dialects, by omitting the respective special forms, a common language should arise that is spoken by everyone and can therefore be called the Italian language. In his Italian translation of Dante Alighieri's Latin language treatise De vulgari eloquentia ( On the vernacular ) (1529), Trissino put his ideas into practice, including the use of a strictly phonetic orthography, for which he used characters borrowed from Greek , e.g. B. to distinguish the open and closed / e / and / o / as well as the voiced and unvoiced / s /. Trissino first used this new orthography in the Sofonisba and explained the principles in a letter to Clement VII. As he was then sharply criticized by Claudio Tolomei , Martelli and Agnolo Firenzuola , he defended his conception in the Dubbi grammaticali the following year .
Trissino's linguistic model of Italian is based on use, particularly in aristocratic and educated circles, and stands in the Questione della lingua (language question) of the 16th century against the conceptions of Pietro Bembo , Baldassare Castiglione and Niccolò Machiavelli .
Furthermore Trissino wrote a poetics ( Le sei divisioni delle poetica , 1529), in which he dealt with problems of poetry, among other things, he took the view that in art technology is more important than inspiration and feeling. Overall, this theory of poetry anticipates the conception of the Counter Reformation. Trissino also wrote the Epistola della vita che dee tenere una donna vedova (writing about the life a widowed woman has to lead) and the Ritratti , poems dedicated to Isabella d'Este .
Work editions
- Tutte le opere di Gian Giorgio Trissino non più raccoltate , Verona 1729 (2 full).
literature
- F. Ciampioli: La prima tragedia regolare della letteratura italiana. Florence 1896.
- F. Ermini: L'Italia liberata di Gian Giorgio Trissino. Rome 1895.
- M. Lieber: Language Culture in the Age of the Italian Renaissance - Gian Giorgio Trissino and the Italian Language (1478-1550). in: Romance Studies in Past and Present 2/1 (1996), 15–44.
- B. Morsolin: Gian Giorgio Trissino o monografia di un letterato del sec. XVI. Vicenza 1878.
- M. Beer: Idea del ritratto femminile e retorica del classicismo: i 'Ritratti' di Isabella d'Este di Gian Giorgio Trissino , in: Woods-Marsden, Joanna (ed.): Art, patronage and ideology at fifteenth-century Italian courts (Schifanoia 10, 1990), Modena 1991, 161-173.
Web links
- Literature by and about Gian Giorgio Trissino in the catalog of the German National Library
- Publications by and about Gian Giorgio Trissino in the Opac des Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Trissino, Gian Giorgio |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian poet and linguist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 8, 1478 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vicenza |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1550 |
| Place of death | Rome |