Bell Endon Bible
The so-called Glockendon Bible is an illustrated manuscript of the New Testament in early New High German . It is kept in the Herzog-August-Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel and bears the signature Cod. Guelf there. 25. 13 and 14 extravagant items .
Text basis and client
It is a copy of Martin Luther's first edition of the New Testament ( September Testament ). The Nuremberg Glockendon workshop copied the printed text by hand between 1522 and 1524. The client was the future Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen , who with this precious version of Luther's text emphasized the importance the translation of the New Testament into German had for him. This edition of the Bible was less suitable and not intended for practical use.
The Glockendon Bible consists of two volumes with 2270 numbered pages made of parchment in the format 32 × 32 centimeters.
cover
The relatively bulky bindings were made by Johann Schomacker in Bremen . They are wooden lids, covered with green velvet, with bronze clasps and engraved brass plates on the front lids and brass corners . The books are kept in book-shaped, leather-covered wooden boxes.
The work of the calligrapher
The Glockendon workshop copied the text in large calligraphic German chancellery script (19 lines per page). Headings and initials were highlighted in red ink .
The illuminator's work
According to the signature on pp. 2100 and 2257, the Bible text was illuminated by Nikolaus Glockendon . Occasionally he used pictures by Albrecht Dürer as a template. The varied theme of the delivery of a letter to a messenger relates to the transmission of biblical texts up to the present day and thus indirectly to the translation by Martin Luther. In addition to marginal strips with rural scenes, hunting and fighting scenes, he created the following full-page images, most of them in the second volume, which begins with the Acts of the Apostles:
- P. 1: The Evangelist Matthew writing in a room.
- P. 253: Mark the Evangelist at the desk, putting down a finished sheet.
- P. 417: The Evangelist Luke in a book room at the desk.
- P. 709: John the Evangelist on the island of Patmos , writing in a book that he is holding on his knee. In the background an island landscape.
- P. 939: Acts of the Apostles . Mary on the day of Pentecost in the circle of the disciples.
- P. 1233: Letter to the Romans . (No illustration).
- P. 1409: 1st letter to the Corinthians . Paul steps out the door and hands the letter to a messenger.
- P. 1529: 2nd letter to the Corinthians . Paul turns around in the doorway and gives instructions to the messenger who is leaving.
- P. 1599: Letter to the Galatians . Paul takes another look at his letter while the messenger waits.
- P. 1603: Letter to the Galatians. Paul in a hall at the lectern. The messenger puts the letter in his pocket.
- P. 1644: Letter to the Ephesians . The delivery of letters takes place in a vestibule.
- P. 1685: Letter to the Philippians . Paul in the office. The model is Dürer's copperplate Hieronymus in the case .
- P. 1715: Letter to the Colossians . The delivery of letters takes place on an outside staircase .
- P. 1744: First Letter to Thessalonians . Another scene with a flight of stairs; the messenger is surrounded by armed men, in the background a courtyard.
- S. 1772: Second Letter to Thessalonians . Letter delivery with a view through a courtyard gate onto a street.
- P. 1789: First Timothy . Letter delivery at the table.
- P. 1821: Second Timothy . Letter delivery at the door.
- S. 1846: Titus letter: delivery of letters in a hall.
- S. 1862: Philemon letter . Letter delivery in front of a city panorama.
- S. 1873: First Epistle of Peter . Peter's vision of the slaughter of unclean animals (Acts 10).
- S. 1908: Second Epistle of Peter . Peter in prison, the messenger enters.
- S. 1966: First letter of John . John on Patmos. Christ apparition in heaven.
- S. 1967: Second Letter of John . Johannes reading at the table, the messenger leaves him.
- S. 1977: Letter to the Hebrews . Letter delivery in front of a house.
- P. 2070: Epistle of James . James delivers the letter to the messenger from an alcove .
- P. 2079: Letter from Jude . Letter delivery at a table. Through the gallery view of a mountain landscape.
- P. 2112: Revelation . John looks up from a book and sees seven candlesticks in the distance.
- P. 2116: Revelation 1,12ff. Christ between the seven candlesticks.
- P. 2139: Revelation 4,2ff. God enthroned on the rainbow.
- P. 2149: Revelation 6: 1ff. The apocalyptic horsemen .
- P. 2153: Revelation 6: 9ff. The martyrs.
- P. 2155: Revelation 6,12ff. The stars are falling from the sky.
- P. 2158: Revelation 7. The 144,000 sealed. (Handwritten note by Ferdinand Albrecht below the picture, approx. 1682: The three drawn on their foreheads are supposed to mean the three right-wing evangelical teachers of our pure Lutheran churches, D. Martinus Lutherus, Philippus Melanchthon, and D. Justus Jonas , the fourth but as the angel still draws, D. Johannes Bugenhagen , nobilis from Pomerania, communiter D. Pomeranus called . The representation of the sealed by Glockendon does not suggest this identification.)
- P. 2165: Revelation 8. The angels with the trumpets.
- P. 2170: Revelation 9. The plagues from the abyss.
- P. 2175: Revelation 9: 13ff. The four punishment angels.
- P. 2179: Revelation 10. The angel with the little book.
- P. 2184. Revelation 11. The two witnesses.
- P. 2190. Revelation 12. The woman and the dragon.
- P. 2202: Revelation 13. The two animals.
- P. 2209: Revelation 14. The Lamb and His Own.
- P. 2214: Revelation 14.17ff. The press of anger.
- P. 2218: Revelation 15. The Song of the Overcomers.
- P. 2219: Martin Luther and the Apostle Paul are chasing the Pope portrayed as a wolf.
- P. 2225: Revelation 16. The bowls of anger.
- P. 2232: Revelation 17. The Whore Babylon .
- P. 2245: Revelation 19: 11ff. The rider on the white horse.
- P. 2250: Revelation 20. The Millennial Kingdom.
- P. 2256: Revelation 21. The New Jerusalem .
Among the illustrations on the side strips, p. 1963 with the depiction of a spinning room is particularly interesting because of the shape of the spinning wheel shown here .
Lore history
In 1682 Anton Günther Schwerdtfeger from Bremen acquired the Glockendon Bible from the Freiherr zu Erssken, on behalf of the book collector Duke Ferdinand Albrecht I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . The Bible was part of the original collection of his art and rarities cabinet . That is why it was shown in 2012 at Bevern Castle as part of the special exhibition "400 Years of the Weser Renaissance ".
literature
- Hans Butzmann : The medieval manuscripts of the group Extravagantes, Novi and Novissimi. Frankfurt / M. 1972, pp. 38-41. ( Digitized version )
- Herbert Schneidler: The September Bible Nikolaus Glockendons 1522-1524, (Diss.) Munich 1978.
- Karl-Heinz Ludwig: Spinning in the Middle Ages with special consideration of the work "cum rota". In: Technikgeschichte 57 (1990).
- Heimo Reinitzer : The September Testament (1522) - theology, language, art. In: Irene Dingel, Henning P. Jürgens (ed.): Milestones of the Reformation. Key documents of Martin Luther's early effectiveness. Gütersloh 2014, ISBN 978-3-579-08170-0 , pp. 160–170.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Shira Brisman: Albrecht Dürer and the Epistolary Mode of Address . University of Chicago Press, 2017, pp. 126 .
- ↑ Heimo Reinitzer: The September Testament . S. 170 .
- ↑ Heimo Reinitzer: The September Testament . S. 165 .
- ↑ Göttinger Tageblatt: 400 Years of the Weser Renaissance Castle Bevern. March 15, 2012, accessed December 14, 2017 .