Grünkopf Andean Hummingbird

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Grünkopf Andean Hummingbird
Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Coquettes (Lophornitini)
Genre : Mountain Nymphs ( Oreotrochilus )
Type : Grünkopf Andean Hummingbird
Scientific name
Oreotrochilus proudmanni
Salvin , 1895

The green-headed Andean hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus proudmanni ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The distribution area includes parts of the South American countries Peru and Ecuador . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The Grünkopf Andean Hummingbird reaches a body length of about 13 to 14.5 cm and a weight of about 7.9 to 8.4 g. The male has a slightly curved black bill. The top is green with a bronze tinge. The throat is emerald green. A black line separates the throat from the white lower part. A fine black line runs through the central part of the abdomen. The female is similar to the male, but the underside is pale white and there are grayish spots on the throat. The tail is greenish black, the outer control springs exhibit a white color. The inner flags are also white at the base and tip. Fledglings resemble females in appearance.

Behavior and nutrition

The green-headed Andean hummingbird gets its nectar and its pollen from flowering sunflowers of the genus Chuquiraga , nettle plants of the genus Caiophora , from Puya and from cacti . Usually it clings to the plant while ingesting food. He hunts insects in flight. Males and, to a lesser extent, females defend their territory against intruders.

Vocalizations

Little research has been carried out into his singing. But it contains short tsip tones. In addition, when he is hunting or courting, he gives off a quick, melodious, sparrow-like chirping.

Reproduction

Its breeding season is from February to June, occasionally until August. He builds a voluminous chalice-like nest out of moss and soft plant fibers. He builds these in stone caves near overhangs, on the roofs of houses or even in the barns. A clutch consists of two white eggs and is incubated by the female for 19 to 21 days. The dark chicks have two dark stiffeners at the end of their bodies. The nestlings fledge at around 36 to 40 days. The first brood takes place in the second year of life of the animals.

distribution and habitat

The Grünkopf Andean Hummingbird prefers alpine grasslands of the Altiplano with scattered Puya and Polylepis forests at altitudes between 3600 and 4200 meters. He fetches the food in the strata under 3 meters above the ground. Usually it rests relatively freely visible on puya branches or stones, occasionally on the ground in open terrain. At night, green-headed Andean hummingbirds seek shelter in rock holes or caves, where some birds crouch and cling to the rocky walls. The species occurs in the north and central area of ​​Peru in the region Cajamarca and region Huánuco , as well as in the extreme south of Ecuador in the southeast of the province Loja .

migration

The Grünkopf Andean hummingbird is presumably a resident bird that migrates seasonally at high altitudes.

Subspecies

Occasionally the species is considered a subspecies of the Estella Andean Hummingbird .

Etymology and history of research

Osbert Salvin described the Grünkopf Andean hummingbird under the name Oreotrochilus proudmanni . The type specimen was collected by Jan Sztolcman between Cota and San Gregorio . In 1847 John Gould introduced the genus Oreotrochilus u. a. for the Estella Andean Hummingbird. The name is derived from the Greek words "oros ὄρος " for "mountain" and "trochilus τρόχιλος " for "hummingbird". The term »Trochilus«, which Carl von Linné used for a new genre in 1758, is historically somewhat problematic. This term was already used by Aristotle for a bird that visits the mouth of a crocodile without being injured or even eaten by it. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire suspected that Aristotle used it to describe the crocodile guardian ( Pluvianus aegyptius ). The specific epithet is dedicated to the collector of the Grünkopf Andean hummingbird. According to Salvin , the species Oreotrochilus leucopleurus described by Władysław Taczanowski is not the white-flanked Andean hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Gould , 1847), but the Grünkopf Andean hummingbird.

literature

  • Jon Fjeldså, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Green-headed Hillstar (Oreotrochilus proudmanni) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Osbert Salvin: On birds collected in Peru by Mr. OT Baron . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1895, p. 1-22 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Drafts for an arrangement of the Trochilidae, with descriptions of some species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 168 , 1847, pp. 7-11 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Władysław Taczanowski: Ornithologie du Pérou . tape 1 . Typography Oberthur, Rennes 1884 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire: Mémoire sur deux espèces d'animaux nommés Trochilus et Bdella par Hérodote, leur guerre, et la part qu'y prend le Crocodile . In: Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle . tape 15 , 1827, pp. 459-474 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Jon Fjeldså u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b Osbert Salvin, p. 17.
  4. ^ John Gould, p. 9.
  5. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 283
  6. ↑ Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, p. 466
  7. ^ Władysław Taczanowski, p. 278.

Remarks

  1. ↑ In addition to the Andean Hillstar he also ordered the white edge Andes Hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus leucopleurus ), the Ecuadorian Hillstar ( Oreotrochilus chimborazo ), the wedge-tailed hillstar ( Oreotrochilus adela ) and the Black-breasted Andes Hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus melanogaster ) to.