AMD Radeon HD 7000 series
The Radeon HD 7000 series is a series of desktop - graphics chip company AMD and successor to the Radeon HD 6000 series . With the Radeon HD 7000 series, which is also codenamed “Southern Island”, AMD introduced support for DirectX 11.1 for the first time . All graphics processors in this series support the Shader model 5.0 according to DirectX 11 and OpenGL 4.4, cards with the GCN cores Cape Verde, Pitcairn & Tahiti also support OpenGL 4.6, DirectX 11.1 as well as PCI Express 3.0 and Mantle as well as Vulkan 1.0 with new drivers . Bonaire with GCN 2 also supports Vulkan 1.1 and 1.2. The Direct Compute 11.1, OpenCL 1.2 and partly OpenCL 2.0, 2.1, as well as C ++ AMP interfaces can be used for universal calculations with DirectX 11.1-capable models. No driver has yet been developed for OpenCL 2.2, although this is possible with hardware that supports OpenCL 2.0 and 2.1, according to Khronos.
description
history
AMD presented the first graphics card of the Radeon HD 7000 series on December 22, 2011. It was the Radeon HD 7970, which was based for the first time on the Tahiti graphics processor. This, also known internally as R1000, was special in several ways: It was the first graphics chip to be manufactured using the 28 nm manufacturing process, which enabled the use of 4.31 billion transistors. At the end of 2011, the R1000 was the most complex GPU on the market until then. Since the Radeon HD 6900 cards , AMD has been using the "PowerTune" technology to limit the maximum power consumption by the card. The same technology is now also used in the Radeon HD-7000 series. Due to this limitation, the maximum performance values achieved in practice, such as GFLOPs of the GPU, are even further removed from the theoretical values than was the case with graphics cards without this cap on the maximum performance.
The official launch of the Radeon HD 7970 took place on January 9, 2012. The card showed about 20% higher performance compared to the Geforce GTX 580 (up to 35% in extremely high resolutions) and was initially the fastest single GPU card on the market. The energy efficiency of the card was positive in the trade press rated, also because AMD presented an improved power-saving mode with the "ZeroCore-Power" feature. The anisotropic texture filtering criticized in the Radeon HD 6900 cards was completely revised by AMD in the R1000, but the implementation of new image quality enhancing features was not implemented. The main point of criticism of the Radeon HD 7970 turned out to be the reference cooler, which reached over 4 sone in 3D applications .
On January 31, 2012, AMD presented the Radeon HD 7950, the second graphics card based on the R1000 graphics processor. In contrast to the Radeon HD 7970, the presentation day was also the start of sales. Four of the 32 shader clusters of the Tahiti GPU were partially deactivated on the Radeon HD 7950, which means that it achieved an approximately 5% higher performance than the previous Nvidia competitor, the Geforce GTX 580. As with the Radeon HD 7970, AMD raised the official retail price compared to the previous series: While the starting price for the Radeon HD 6950 was € 260, AMD put the price for the Radeon HD 7950 at € 420.
On March 5, 2012, AMD introduced the Radeon HD 7850 and 7870 cards, which replaced the Radeon HD 6800 series. The cards are based on the Pitcairn GPU, which comes with 2.8 billion transistors on 1280 shader processors and 80 texture units in 20 clusters. Four of these clusters are disabled on the Radeon HD 7850. Compared to their predecessors, the cards showed a performance jump of up to 40%, which, in combination with the lower power consumption, due to the 28 nm production, was rated positively in the trade press. However, AMD also raised the list price for these models (US $ 249 for the Radeon HD 7850 and US $ 349 for the Radeon HD 7870), which initially showed a poorer price-performance ratio. The official start of sales was planned for March 19, 2012.
On January 4, 2012, AMD introduced the Radeon HD 7350, 7450, 7470, 7570 and 7670 graphics cards. These are not really "new" cards, but actually graphics cards from the AMD Radeon HD 6000 series ("rebranding") that have been renamed for the OEM market and show only marginal changes.
architecture
The technical basis of the Southern Island series is the newly developed GCN architecture ("Graphics Core Next"), which replaced the previous VLIW architecture . The primary advantage of the new command architecture compared to the previous VLIW architecture is that the dependencies of the instructions within the code do not lead to some ALUs lying idle. With the previous VLIW architecture, four instructions were distributed to 16 VLIW shaders. If some of these four statements were interdependent, the dependent statements had to wait until the dependencies were resolved, so the corresponding ALUs of the VLIW shaders remained unused. The SIMD ALUs of the current architecture are each combined in groups of 16 (Vec16). However, each Vec16 SIMD block can execute an instruction independently of other SIMD blocks, so that the load on the ALUs is independent of the dependencies of the instructions. With 16 different input data streams, similar arithmetic operations can be carried out with one instruction within a SIMD-Vec16 unit. The basic structure of the SIMD units is also similar to the VPU from Larrabee , the VPUs there also consist of Vec16 SIMD units. Underutilized ALUs can also occur with the new architecture, but in a completely different scenario, namely when an instruction has to be applied to fewer than 16 data streams and the Vec16-SIMD block is not completely filled. The greatest advantage of the new architecture is that programming is easier, since the compiler does not have to try to pack the instructions in such a way that they can be distributed among the VLIW shaders with as few dependencies as possible. All other programming programs are accordingly simplified and flexibility, also with regard to GPGPU applications, increases.
A shader cluster, also Compute Unit (dt. Processing unit ) called, consists of four Vec16 SIMD units, each SIMD vector unit has its own register having a total size of 64 KB available. Each shader cluster also has a further 64 kB of local memory ("Local Data Store") available, which all SIMD blocks can access together. In addition, a shader cluster also has an independent scalar unit that is responsible for data management (address calculations, management of the data flow, etc.) and other simple, scalar calculations within the shader cluster. A scheduler distributes the instructions to the four Vec16-SIMD blocks within the shader cluster. Each shader cluster is also assigned a 16 kB L1 cache, which the respective texture units can access. In addition, several shader clusters share a 128 kB L2 cache to which a memory controller is connected.
Naming
The same designation system is used in the HD-7000 series as in the previous Radeon HD 6000 series . All graphics cards are labeled with "AMD Radeon HD" and an additional four-digit number that generally begins with a "7" (for the series). The second and third digits are used to subdivide into different models. The mobile graphics chips run under the model designation AMD Radeon M .
- division
- HD 7350 to HD 7670: simple ("low-end") and graphics cards for the OEM market
- HD 77xx: mass market ("mainstream")
- HD 78xx: with higher performance ("performance")
- HD 79xx: high-performance cards ("high-end")
Data overview
Graphics processors
Graphics chip |
architecture | production | units | L2 cache (in kB ) |
API support | Video processor |
cutting stelle |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
process | transis- interfere |
The - area |
ROPs | Unified shaders | Texture units | DirectX | OpenGL | OpenCL | Mantle | volcano | ||||||||
ALUs | Shader units |
Shader cluster |
TAUs | TMUs | ||||||||||||||
Cedar (RV810) | Terascale 2 | 40 nm | 290 million | 63 mm² | 4th | 80 | VLIW | 16 × 5D-2 | 8th | 8th | 11.0 | 4.4 (Linux Mesa 18+: 4.4+, 4.5 almost completely) |
1.2 (Linux Mesa: 1.1 almost complete, 1.2 in progress) |
No | No | UVD 2.2 | PCIe 2.0 | |
Caicos (RV910) | 370 million | 67 mm² | 4th | 160 | 32 × 5D-VLIW | 2 | 8th | 8th | UVD 3.0 | |||||||||
Turks (RV930) | 720 million | 118 mm² | 8th | 480 | 96 × 5D-VLIW | 6th | 24 | 24 | ||||||||||
Cape Verde | GCN 1 | 28 nm | 1500 million | 123 mm² | 16 | 640 | SIMD | 40 × Vec16-10 | 40 | 40 | 2 × 128 | 11.1 | 4.6+ | Yes | 1.0 | UVD 3.1 | PCIe 3.0 | |
Bonaire | GCN 2 | 2080 million | 160 mm² | 16 | 896 | 56 × Vec16-SIMD | 14th | 56 | 56 | 12.0 | 2.0+ | 1.2 | ||||||
Pitcairn | GCN 1 | 2,800 million | 212 mm² | 32 | 1280 | 80 × Vec16-SIMD | 20th | 80 | 80 | 4 × 128 | 11.1 | 1.2 (Linux Mesa: 1.1 almost complete, 1.2 in progress) |
1.0 | |||||
Tahiti (R1000) | GCN 1 | 4,310 million | 365 mm² | 32 | 2048 | 128 × Vec16-SIMD | 32 | 128 | 128 | 6 × 128 | 11.1 |
Model data
model | Official launch |
Graphics processor (GPU) | Graphics memory | Performance data | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Active units | Chip clock (in MHz) |
Size (in MB ) |
Clock rate (in MHz) |
Type | Storage interface |
Computing power (in GFlops ) |
Polygon throughput (in million triangles / s) |
Pixel fill rate (in GPixel / s) |
Texel fill rate (in GTexel / s) |
Memory bandwidth (in GB / s) |
|||||||
ROPs |
Shader - cluster |
ALUs |
Texture units |
default | Boost | SP (MAD) | DP (FMA) | |||||||||||
Radeon HD 7350 | Jan. 4, 2012 | Cedar | 4th | 2 | 80 | 8th | 400 | - | k. A. | 400 | DDR2 | 64 bit | 64-104 | - | 400-650 | 1.6-2.6 | 3.2-5.2 | 6.4 |
650 | 800 | DDR3 | 12.8 | |||||||||||||||
Radeon HD 7450 | Jan. 4, 2012 | Caicos | 4th | 2 | 160 | 8th | 625 | - | 512-1024 | 533-800 | DDR3 | 64 bit | 200 | - | 625 | 2.5 | 5 | 8.5-12.8 |
1600-1800 | GDDR5 | 25.6-28.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Radeon HD 7470 | Jan. 4, 2012 | Caicos | 4th | 2 | 160 | 8th | 750 | - | 512-1024 | 533-800 | DDR3 | 64 bit | 240 | - | 750 | 3 | 6th | 8.5-12.8 |
1600-1800 | GDDR5 | 25.6-28.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Radeon HD 7480D | Jun 1, 2012 | Cayman | 4th | ? | 128 | 8th | 723 | - | configurable (IGP) | 1600 | DDR3 | 128 bit | 185 | - | ? | 2.9 | 11.6 | 25.6 |
Radeon HD 7510 | k. A. | Turks | 4th | 4th | 320 | 16 | 650 | - | 1024 | 667 | DDR3 | 128 bit | 416 | - | 650 | 2.6 | 10.4 | 21.3 |
Radeon HD 7540D | Jun 1, 2012 | Cayman | 4th | ? | 192 | 12 | 760 | - | configurable (IGP) | 1866 | DDR3 | 128 bit | 292 | - | ? | ? | ? | 29.9 |
Radeon HD 7560D | Jun 1, 2012 | Cayman | 4th | ? | 256 | 16 | 760 | - | configurable (IGP) | 1866 | DDR3 | 128 bit | 389 | - | ? | ? | ? | 29.9 |
Radeon HD 7570 | Jan. 4, 2012 | Turks | 8th | 6th | 480 | 24 | 650 | - | 512-2048 | 900 | DDR3 | 128 bit | 624 | - | 650 | 2.6 | 15.6 | 28.8 |
512-1024 | 2000 (1000) | GDDR5 | 64 | |||||||||||||||
Radeon HD 7660D | Jun 1, 2012 | Cayman | 8th | ? | 384 | 24 | 760-800 | - | configurable (IGP) | 1866 | DDR3 | 128 bit | 584-614 | - | ? | 2.7 | 16.2 | 29.9 |
Radeon HD 7670 | Jan. 4, 2012 | Turks | 8th | 6th | 480 | 24 | 800 | - | 512-1024 | 2000 (1000) | GDDR5 | 128 bit | 768 | - | 800 | 3.2 | 19.2 | 64 |
Radeon HD 7730 | k. A. | Cape Verde | 16 | 6th | 384 | 24 | 800 | - | 1024 | 2250 (1125) | GDDR5 | 128 bit | 614.4 | 38.4 | 800 | 12.8 | 19.2 | 72 |
Radeon HD 7750 | Feb 15, 2012 | Cape Verde | 16 | 8th | 512 | 32 | 800 | - | 1024 | 2250 (1125) | GDDR5 | 128 bit | 819.2 | 51.2 | 800 | 12.8 | 25.6 | 72 |
Radeon HD 7750 900 MHz Edition | 4th Sep 2012 | Cape Verde | 16 | 8th | 512 | 32 | 900 | - | 1024 | 2250 (1125) | GDDR5 | 128 bit | 921.6 | 57.6 | 900 | 14.4 | 28.8 | 72 |
Radeon HD 7770 | Feb 15, 2012 | Cape Verde | 16 | 10 | 640 | 40 | 1000 | - | 1024 | 2250 (1125) | GDDR5 | 128 bit | 1280 | 80 | 1000 | 16 | 40 | 72 |
Radeon HD 7790 | March 22, 2013 | Bonaire | 16 | 14th | 896 | 56 | 1000 | - | 1024 | 3000 (1500) | GDDR5 | 128 bit | 1792 | k. A. | 2000 | 16 | 56 | 96 |
Radeon HD 7850 | March 5, 2012 | Pitcairn | 32 | 16 | 1024 | 64 | 860 | - | 1024-2048 | 2400 (1200) | GDDR5 | 256 bit | 1761 | 110 | 1720 | 27.5 | 55 | 153.6 |
Radeon HD 7870 | March 5, 2012 | Pitcairn | 32 | 20th | 1280 | 80 | 1000 | - | 2048 | 2400 (1200) | GDDR5 | 256 bit | 2560 | 160 | 2000 | 32 | 80 | 153.6 |
Radeon HD 7870 Boost Edition | Nov 20, 2012 | Tahiti | 32 | 24 | 1536 | 96 | 925 | 975 | 2048 | 3000 (1500) | GDDR5 | 256 bit | 2995 | 749 | 1950 | 31.2 | 93.6 | 192 |
Radeon HD 7950 | Jan. 31, 2012 | Tahiti | 32 | 28 | 1792 | 112 | 800 | - | 3072 | 2500 (1250) | GDDR5 | 384 bits | 2867 | 717 | 1600 | 25.6 | 89.6 | 240 |
Radeon HD 7950 Boost Edition | Aug 14, 2012 | Tahiti | 32 | 28 | 1792 | 112 | 850 | 925 | 3072 | 2500 (1250) | GDDR5 | 384 bits | 3046.4 | 761.6 | 1700 | 27.2 | 95.2 | 240 |
Radeon HD 7970 | Dec 22, 2011 | Tahiti | 32 | 32 | 2048 | 128 | 925 | - | 3072 | 2750 (1375) | GDDR5 | 384 bits | 3789 | 947 | 1850 | 29.6 | 118.4 | 264 |
Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition | Jun 22, 2012 | Tahiti | 32 | 32 | 2048 | 128 | 1000 | 1050 | 3072 | 3000 (1500) | GDDR5 | 384 bits | 4096 | 1024 | 2000 | 32 | 128 | 288 |
Radeon HD 7990 | 1st of May 2013 | 2 × Tahiti (Malta) |
2 × 32 | 2 × 32 | 2 × 2048 | 2 × 128 | 950 | 1000 | 2 × 3072 | 3000 (1500) | GDDR5 | 2 × 384 bits | 2 x 3891.2 | 2 x 972.8 | 2 × 1900 | 2 x 30.4 | 2 × 121.6 | 2 × 288 |
Power consumption data
model | Type | Consumption ( watt ) | additional power plug |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TDP |
Readings | |||||
Idle | 3D load |
Maximum load |
||||
Radeon HD 7350 | Cedar | |||||
Radeon HD 7450 | Caicos | |||||
Radeon HD 7470 | Caicos | |||||
Radeon HD 7510 | Turks | |||||
Radeon HD 7570 | Turks | |||||
Radeon HD 7670 | Turks | 66 | no | |||
Radeon HD 7730 | Cape Verde | |||||
Radeon HD 7750 | Cape Verde | 55 | 7th | 50 | 57 | no |
Radeon HD 7750 900 MHz Edition | Cape Verde | 75 | 8th | 67 | 80 | 1 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7770 | Cape Verde | 80 | 10 | 76 | 93 | 1 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7790 | Bonaire | 85 | 10 | 86 | 96 | 1 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7850 | Pitcairn | 130 | 11 | 88 | 144 | 1 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7870 | Pitcairn | 175 | 13 | 127 | 159 | 2 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7870 Boost Edition | Tahiti | 185 | 13 | 196 | 248 | 2 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7950 | Tahiti | 200 | 16 | 157 | 231 | 2 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7950 Boost Edition | Tahiti | 225 | 15th | 226 | 267 | 2 × 6-pin |
Radeon HD 7970 | Tahiti | 250 | 12 ... 14 | 185 ... 211 | 296 | 1 × 6-pin 1 × 8-pin |
Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition | Tahiti | 250 | 13 ... 15 | 247 ... 259 | 351 | 2 × 8-pin |
Radeon HD 7990 | Malta | 375 | 30th | 359 | 367 | 2 × 8-pin |
Remarks
- ↑ The date indicated is the date of the public presentation, not the date of availability of the models.
- ↑ The specified performance values for the computing power via the stream processors, the pixel and texel filling rate, as well as the memory bandwidth are theoretical maximum values (with standard clock rate) that cannot be directly compared with the performance values of other architectures. The overall performance of a graphics card depends, among other things, on how well the available resources can be used or fully utilized. There are also other factors that are not listed here that affect performance.
- ↑ a b The specified clock rates are the reference data recommended or specified by AMD, the I / O clock is specified for the memory clock. However, the exact clock rate can deviate by a few megahertz due to different clock generators, and the final definition of the clock rates is in the hands of the respective graphics card manufacturer. It is therefore entirely possible that there are or will be graphics card models that have different clock rates.
- ↑ a b c d e f OEM product. Card is not available in the retail market.
- ↑ The information is taken from the English Wikipedia, see Radeon HD 7000 series # IGP (HD 7xxx) .
- ↑ The TDP value specified by AMD does not necessarily correspond to the maximum power consumption. This value is not necessarily comparable with the “MGCP” value of the competitor Nvidia.
- ↑ The measured values listed in the table relate to the pure power consumption of graphics cards that correspond to the AMD reference design. A special measuring device is required to measure these values; Depending on the measurement technology used and the given measurement conditions, including the program used to generate the 3D load, the values can fluctuate between different devices. Therefore, measured value ranges are given here, each representing the lowest, typical and highest measured values from different sources.
- ↑ The value given under 3D load corresponds to the typical game usage of the card. However, this is different depending on the 3D application. As a rule, a modern 3D application is used to determine the value, which, however, limits the comparability over longer periods of time.
- ↑ The maximum load is usually determined with demanding benchmark programs, the loads of which are significantly higher than those of "normal" 3D applications.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Test: AMD Radeon HD 7970 - test results. ComputerBase, December 22, 2011, accessed January 17, 2012 .
- ↑ Test: AMD Radeon HD 7970 - image quality. ComputerBase, December 22, 2011, accessed January 17, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Test: Radeon HD 7970 - The first graphics card with DirectX 11.1, PCI-Express 3.0 and 28nm - loudness and power consumption. PC Games Hardware, December 22, 2011, accessed December 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Launch analysis: AMD Radeon HD 7950 (page 2). 3DCenter, January 31, 2012, accessed March 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Review: AMD Radeon HD 7870 and HD 7850 - Performance. ComputerBase, March 5, 2012, accessed March 6, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Launch analysis: AMD Radeon HD 7850 & 7870 (page 2). 3DCenter, March 5, 2012, accessed March 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Five AMD Radeon HD 7000s for the OEM market. ComputerBase, January 4, 2012, accessed January 23, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag 55 DirectX 11 graphics cards put to the test (page 36). HardTecs4U, July 14, 2013, accessed October 22, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Test Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition: Passing the Geforce GTX 680 with Turbo? - Loudness and power consumption. PC Games Hardware, June 22, 2012, accessed August 3, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Radeon HD 7990 (Malta) in the test: Can AMD's long-lost dual GPU card beat the Geforce GTX 690? PC Games Hardware, April 27, 2013, accessed October 22, 2013 .