AMD Radeon HD 7000 series

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pitcairn graphics processor on a Radeon HD 7870

The Radeon HD 7000 series is a series of desktop - graphics chip company AMD and successor to the Radeon HD 6000 series . With the Radeon HD 7000 series, which is also codenamed “Southern Island”, AMD introduced support for DirectX 11.1 for the first time . All graphics processors in this series support the Shader model 5.0 according to DirectX 11 and OpenGL 4.4, cards with the GCN cores Cape Verde, Pitcairn & Tahiti also support OpenGL 4.6, DirectX 11.1 as well as PCI Express 3.0 and Mantle as well as Vulkan 1.0 with new drivers . Bonaire with GCN 2 also supports Vulkan 1.1 and 1.2. The Direct Compute 11.1, OpenCL 1.2 and partly OpenCL 2.0, 2.1, as well as C ++ AMP interfaces can be used for universal calculations with DirectX 11.1-capable models. No driver has yet been developed for OpenCL 2.2, although this is possible with hardware that supports OpenCL 2.0 and 2.1, according to Khronos.

description

history

AMD presented the first graphics card of the Radeon HD 7000 series on December 22, 2011. It was the Radeon HD 7970, which was based for the first time on the Tahiti graphics processor. This, also known internally as R1000, was special in several ways: It was the first graphics chip to be manufactured using the 28 nm manufacturing process, which enabled the use of 4.31 billion transistors. At the end of 2011, the R1000 was the most complex GPU on the market until then. Since the Radeon HD 6900 cards , AMD has been using the "PowerTune" technology to limit the maximum power consumption by the card. The same technology is now also used in the Radeon HD-7000 series. Due to this limitation, the maximum performance values ​​achieved in practice, such as GFLOPs of the GPU, are even further removed from the theoretical values ​​than was the case with graphics cards without this cap on the maximum performance.

The official launch of the Radeon HD 7970 took place on January 9, 2012. The card showed about 20% higher performance compared to the Geforce GTX 580 (up to 35% in extremely high resolutions) and was initially the fastest single GPU card on the market. The energy efficiency of the card was positive in the trade press rated, also because AMD presented an improved power-saving mode with the "ZeroCore-Power" feature. The anisotropic texture filtering criticized in the Radeon HD 6900 cards was completely revised by AMD in the R1000, but the implementation of new image quality enhancing features was not implemented. The main point of criticism of the Radeon HD 7970 turned out to be the reference cooler, which reached over 4 sone in 3D applications .

On January 31, 2012, AMD presented the Radeon HD 7950, the second graphics card based on the R1000 graphics processor. In contrast to the Radeon HD 7970, the presentation day was also the start of sales. Four of the 32 shader clusters of the Tahiti GPU were partially deactivated on the Radeon HD 7950, which means that it achieved an approximately 5% higher performance than the previous Nvidia competitor, the Geforce GTX 580. As with the Radeon HD 7970, AMD raised the official retail price compared to the previous series: While the starting price for the Radeon HD 6950 was € 260, AMD put the price for the Radeon HD 7950 at € 420.

On March 5, 2012, AMD introduced the Radeon HD 7850 and 7870 cards, which replaced the Radeon HD 6800 series. The cards are based on the Pitcairn GPU, which comes with 2.8 billion transistors on 1280 shader processors and 80 texture units in 20 clusters. Four of these clusters are disabled on the Radeon HD 7850. Compared to their predecessors, the cards showed a performance jump of up to 40%, which, in combination with the lower power consumption, due to the 28 nm production, was rated positively in the trade press. However, AMD also raised the list price for these models (US $ 249 for the Radeon HD 7850 and US $ 349 for the Radeon HD 7870), which initially showed a poorer price-performance ratio. The official start of sales was planned for March 19, 2012.

On January 4, 2012, AMD introduced the Radeon HD 7350, 7450, 7470, 7570 and 7670 graphics cards. These are not really "new" cards, but actually graphics cards from the AMD Radeon HD 6000 series ("rebranding") that have been renamed for the OEM market and show only marginal changes.

architecture

The technical basis of the Southern Island series is the newly developed GCN architecture ("Graphics Core Next"), which replaced the previous VLIW architecture . The primary advantage of the new command architecture compared to the previous VLIW architecture is that the dependencies of the instructions within the code do not lead to some ALUs lying idle. With the previous VLIW architecture, four instructions were distributed to 16 VLIW shaders. If some of these four statements were interdependent, the dependent statements had to wait until the dependencies were resolved, so the corresponding ALUs of the VLIW shaders remained unused. The SIMD ALUs of the current architecture are each combined in groups of 16 (Vec16). However, each Vec16 SIMD block can execute an instruction independently of other SIMD blocks, so that the load on the ALUs is independent of the dependencies of the instructions. With 16 different input data streams, similar arithmetic operations can be carried out with one instruction within a SIMD-Vec16 unit. The basic structure of the SIMD units is also similar to the VPU from Larrabee , the VPUs there also consist of Vec16 SIMD units. Underutilized ALUs can also occur with the new architecture, but in a completely different scenario, namely when an instruction has to be applied to fewer than 16 data streams and the Vec16-SIMD block is not completely filled. The greatest advantage of the new architecture is that programming is easier, since the compiler does not have to try to pack the instructions in such a way that they can be distributed among the VLIW shaders with as few dependencies as possible. All other programming programs are accordingly simplified and flexibility, also with regard to GPGPU applications, increases.

A shader cluster, also Compute Unit (dt. Processing unit ) called, consists of four Vec16 SIMD units, each SIMD vector unit has its own register having a total size of 64 KB available. Each shader cluster also has a further 64 kB of local memory ("Local Data Store") available, which all SIMD blocks can access together. In addition, a shader cluster also has an independent scalar unit that is responsible for data management (address calculations, management of the data flow, etc.) and other simple, scalar calculations within the shader cluster. A scheduler distributes the instructions to the four Vec16-SIMD blocks within the shader cluster. Each shader cluster is also assigned a 16 kB L1 cache, which the respective texture units can access. In addition, several shader clusters share a 128 kB L2 cache to which a memory controller is connected.

Naming

The same designation system is used in the HD-7000 series as in the previous Radeon HD 6000 series . All graphics cards are labeled with "AMD Radeon HD" and an additional four-digit number that generally begins with a "7" (for the series). The second and third digits are used to subdivide into different models. The mobile graphics chips run under the model designation AMD Radeon M .

division
  • HD 7350 to HD 7670: simple ("low-end") and graphics cards for the OEM market
  • HD 77xx: mass market ("mainstream")
  • HD 78xx: with higher performance ("performance")
  • HD 79xx: high-performance cards ("high-end")

Data overview

Graphics processors

Graphics
chip
architecture production units L2 cache
(in kB )
API support Video
processor
cutting
stelle
process transis-
interfere
The -
area
ROPs Unified shaders Texture units DirectX OpenGL OpenCL Mantle volcano
ALUs Shader
units
Shader
cluster
TAUs TMUs
Cedar (RV810) Terascale 2 40 nm 0290 million 063 mm² 04th 0080 016 × 5D- VLIW 02 008th 008th 11.0 4.4
(Linux Mesa 18+: 4.4+,
4.5 almost completely)
1.2
(Linux Mesa:
1.1 almost complete,
1.2 in progress)
No No UVD 2.2 PCIe 2.0
Caicos (RV910) 0370 million 067 mm² 04th 0160 032 × 5D-VLIW 02 008th 008th UVD 3.0
Turks (RV930) 0720 million 118 mm² 08th 0480 096 × 5D-VLIW 06th 024 024
Cape Verde GCN 1 28 nm 1500 million 123 mm² 16 0640 040 × Vec16- SIMD 10 040 040 2 × 128 11.1 4.6+ Yes 1.0 UVD 3.1 PCIe 3.0
Bonaire GCN 2 2080 million 160 mm² 16 0896 056 × Vec16-SIMD 14th 056 056 12.0 2.0+ 1.2
Pitcairn GCN 1 2,800 million 212 mm² 32 1280 080 × Vec16-SIMD 20th 080 080 4 × 128 11.1 1.2
(Linux Mesa:
1.1 almost complete,
1.2 in progress)
1.0
Tahiti (R1000) GCN 1 4,310 million 365 mm² 32 2048 128 × Vec16-SIMD 32 128 128 6 × 128 11.1

Model data

model Official
launch
Graphics processor (GPU) Graphics memory Performance data
Type Active units Chip clock
(in MHz)
Size
(in MB )
Clock rate
(in MHz)
Type Storage
interface
Computing power
(in GFlops )
Polygon
throughput

(in million triangles / s)
Pixel fill rate
(in GPixel / s)
Texel fill rate
(in GTexel / s)
Memory
bandwidth

(in GB / s)
ROPs Shader -
cluster
ALUs Texture
units
default Boost SP (MAD) DP (FMA)
Radeon HD 7350 Jan. 4, 2012 Cedar 4th 2 80 8th 400 - k. A. 400 DDR2 64 bit 64-104 - 400-650 1.6-2.6 3.2-5.2 6.4
650 800 DDR3 12.8
Radeon HD 7450 Jan. 4, 2012 Caicos 4th 2 160 8th 625 - 512-1024 533-800 DDR3 64 bit 200 - 625 2.5 5 8.5-12.8
1600-1800 GDDR5 25.6-28.8
Radeon HD 7470 Jan. 4, 2012 Caicos 4th 2 160 8th 750 - 512-1024 533-800 DDR3 64 bit 240 - 750 3 6th 8.5-12.8
1600-1800 GDDR5 25.6-28.8
Radeon HD 7480D Jun 1, 2012 Cayman 4th ? 128 8th 723 - configurable (IGP) 1600 DDR3 128 bit 185 - ? 2.9 11.6 25.6
Radeon HD 7510 k. A. Turks 4th 4th 320 16 650 - 1024 667 DDR3 128 bit 416 - 650 2.6 10.4 21.3
Radeon HD 7540D Jun 1, 2012 Cayman 4th ? 192 12 760 - configurable (IGP) 1866 DDR3 128 bit 292 - ? ? ? 29.9
Radeon HD 7560D Jun 1, 2012 Cayman 4th ? 256 16 760 - configurable (IGP) 1866 DDR3 128 bit 389 - ? ? ? 29.9
Radeon HD 7570 Jan. 4, 2012 Turks 8th 6th 480 24 650 - 512-2048 900 DDR3 128 bit 624 - 650 2.6 15.6 28.8
512-1024 2000 (1000) GDDR5 64
Radeon HD 7660D Jun 1, 2012 Cayman 8th ? 384 24 760-800 - configurable (IGP) 1866 DDR3 128 bit 584-614 - ? 2.7 16.2 29.9
Radeon HD 7670 Jan. 4, 2012 Turks 8th 6th 480 24 800 - 512-1024 2000 (1000) GDDR5 128 bit 768 - 800 3.2 19.2 64
Radeon HD 7730 k. A. Cape Verde 16 6th 384 24 800 - 1024 2250 (1125) GDDR5 128 bit 614.4 38.4 800 12.8 19.2 72
Radeon HD 7750 Feb 15, 2012 Cape Verde 16 8th 512 32 800 - 1024 2250 (1125) GDDR5 128 bit 819.2 51.2 800 12.8 25.6 72
Radeon HD 7750 900 MHz Edition 4th Sep 2012 Cape Verde 16 8th 512 32 900 - 1024 2250 (1125) GDDR5 128 bit 921.6 57.6 900 14.4 28.8 72
Radeon HD 7770 Feb 15, 2012 Cape Verde 16 10 640 40 1000 - 1024 2250 (1125) GDDR5 128 bit 1280 80 1000 16 40 72
Radeon HD 7790 March 22, 2013 Bonaire 16 14th 896 56 1000 - 1024 3000 (1500) GDDR5 128 bit 1792 k. A. 2000 16 56 96
Radeon HD 7850 March 5, 2012 Pitcairn 32 16 1024 64 860 - 1024-2048 2400 (1200) GDDR5 256 bit 1761 110 1720 27.5 55 153.6
Radeon HD 7870 March 5, 2012 Pitcairn 32 20th 1280 80 1000 - 2048 2400 (1200) GDDR5 256 bit 2560 160 2000 32 80 153.6
Radeon HD 7870 Boost Edition Nov 20, 2012 Tahiti 32 24 1536 96 925 975 2048 3000 (1500) GDDR5 256 bit 2995 749 1950 31.2 93.6 192
Radeon HD 7950 Jan. 31, 2012 Tahiti 32 28 1792 112 800 - 3072 2500 (1250) GDDR5 384 bits 2867 717 1600 25.6 89.6 240
Radeon HD 7950 Boost Edition Aug 14, 2012 Tahiti 32 28 1792 112 850 925 3072 2500 (1250) GDDR5 384 bits 3046.4 761.6 1700 27.2 95.2 240
Radeon HD 7970 Dec 22, 2011 Tahiti 32 32 2048 128 925 - 3072 2750 (1375) GDDR5 384 bits 3789 947 1850 29.6 118.4 264
Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition Jun 22, 2012 Tahiti 32 32 2048 128 1000 1050 3072 3000 (1500) GDDR5 384 bits 4096 1024 2000 32 128 288
Radeon HD 7990 1st of May 2013 2 × Tahiti
(Malta)
2 × 32 2 × 32 2 × 2048 2 × 128 950 1000 2 × 3072 3000 (1500) GDDR5 2 × 384 bits 2 x 3891.2 2 x 972.8 2 × 1900 2 x 30.4 2 × 121.6 2 × 288

Power consumption data

model Type Consumption ( watt ) additional
power
plug
TDP
Readings
Idle 3D load
Maximum load
Radeon HD 7350 Cedar
Radeon HD 7450 Caicos
Radeon HD 7470 Caicos
Radeon HD 7510 Turks
Radeon HD 7570 Turks
Radeon HD 7670 Turks 066 no
Radeon HD 7730 Cape Verde
Radeon HD 7750 Cape Verde 055 07th 050 057 no
Radeon HD 7750 900 MHz Edition Cape Verde 075 08th 067 080 1 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7770 Cape Verde 080 10 076 093 1 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7790 Bonaire 085 10 086 096 1 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7850 Pitcairn 130 11 088 144 1 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7870 Pitcairn 175 13 127 159 2 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7870 Boost Edition Tahiti 185 13 196 248 2 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7950 Tahiti 200 16 157 231 2 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7950 Boost Edition Tahiti 225 15th 226 267 2 × 6-pin
Radeon HD 7970 Tahiti 250 12 ... 14 185 ... 211 296 1 × 6-pin
1 × 8-pin
Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition Tahiti 250 13 ... 15 247 ... 259 351 2 × 8-pin
Radeon HD 7990 Malta 375 30th 359 367 2 × 8-pin

Remarks

  1. The date indicated is the date of the public presentation, not the date of availability of the models.
  2. The specified performance values ​​for the computing power via the stream processors, the pixel and texel filling rate, as well as the memory bandwidth are theoretical maximum values ​​(with standard clock rate) that cannot be directly compared with the performance values ​​of other architectures. The overall performance of a graphics card depends, among other things, on how well the available resources can be used or fully utilized. There are also other factors that are not listed here that affect performance.
  3. a b The specified clock rates are the reference data recommended or specified by AMD, the I / O clock is specified for the memory clock. However, the exact clock rate can deviate by a few megahertz due to different clock generators, and the final definition of the clock rates is in the hands of the respective graphics card manufacturer. It is therefore entirely possible that there are or will be graphics card models that have different clock rates.
  4. a b c d e f OEM product. Card is not available in the retail market.
  5. The information is taken from the English Wikipedia, see Radeon HD 7000 series # IGP (HD 7xxx) .
  6. The TDP value specified by AMD does not necessarily correspond to the maximum power consumption. This value is not necessarily comparable with the “MGCP” value of the competitor Nvidia.
  7. The measured values ​​listed in the table relate to the pure power consumption of graphics cards that correspond to the AMD reference design. A special measuring device is required to measure these values; Depending on the measurement technology used and the given measurement conditions, including the program used to generate the 3D load, the values ​​can fluctuate between different devices. Therefore, measured value ranges are given here, each representing the lowest, typical and highest measured values ​​from different sources.
  8. The value given under 3D load corresponds to the typical game usage of the card. However, this is different depending on the 3D application. As a rule, a modern 3D application is used to determine the value, which, however, limits the comparability over longer periods of time.
  9. The maximum load is usually determined with demanding benchmark programs, the loads of which are significantly higher than those of "normal" 3D applications.

Web links

Commons : AMD-Radeon-HD-7000-Series  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Test: AMD Radeon HD 7970 - test results. ComputerBase, December 22, 2011, accessed January 17, 2012 .
  2. Test: AMD Radeon HD 7970 - image quality. ComputerBase, December 22, 2011, accessed January 17, 2012 .
  3. a b c Test: Radeon HD 7970 - The first graphics card with DirectX 11.1, PCI-Express 3.0 and 28nm - loudness and power consumption. PC Games Hardware, December 22, 2011, accessed December 22, 2011 .
  4. Launch analysis: AMD Radeon HD 7950 (page 2). 3DCenter, January 31, 2012, accessed March 6, 2012 .
  5. Review: AMD Radeon HD 7870 and HD 7850 - Performance. ComputerBase, March 5, 2012, accessed March 6, 2012 .
  6. a b c Launch analysis: AMD Radeon HD 7850 & 7870 (page 2). 3DCenter, March 5, 2012, accessed March 6, 2012 .
  7. Five AMD Radeon HD 7000s for the OEM market. ComputerBase, January 4, 2012, accessed January 23, 2012 .
  8. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag 55 DirectX 11 graphics cards put to the test (page 36). HardTecs4U, July 14, 2013, accessed October 22, 2013 .
  9. a b Test Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition: Passing the Geforce GTX 680 with Turbo? - Loudness and power consumption. PC Games Hardware, June 22, 2012, accessed August 3, 2012 .
  10. a b c Radeon HD 7990 (Malta) in the test: Can AMD's long-lost dual GPU card beat the Geforce GTX 690? PC Games Hardware, April 27, 2013, accessed October 22, 2013 .