Greizer Landtag

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The Greizer Landtag was the legislature of the Principality of Reuss older line (Reuss-Greiz).

prehistory

Land estates already existed in the Russian principalities before the 19th century . These consisted of the curiae of the knighthood and the representatives of the cities. Representation of the clergy was not planned. The stands met as planned every eight years.

Although Article 13 of the German. Federal Act stipulated that in all countries of the German Federal landständische constitutions and state parliament should be established, was in the Principality of Reuss-Greiz neither a constitution nor a parliament enacted convened. The princes were anti- constitutional .

In the German Revolution of 1848/49 , Prince Heinrich XX. the country voluntarily issued a constitution, but it was never implemented. For the consultation state parliament of this time see Revolution of 1848/1849 in Reuss older line . Implementation was initially delayed and then became obsolete after the reaction won .

History of origin

Only in 1866 did a new power situation arise. Traditionally oriented towards Prussia and towards Austria , the Reuss-Greizer position was a difficult one after Austria's defeat in the German War . The Reuss-Greizer diplomacy managed to preserve the independence of the principality. However, Reuss-Greiz had to pay 100,000 thalers to Prussia and join the North German Confederation .

Linked to this accession was the necessity to enact a constitution in Reuss-Greiz. This constitution of Reuss-Greiz came into force on March 28, 1867, the day of the majority and thus the accession of Prince Heinrich XXII .

In Section VII (§ 53-86) “of the Land estates” the regulations regarding the Landtag were laid down. The state parliament consisted of 12 members, each with a deputy. Three of the members were appointed by the prince, the rest elected in two curiae. Two of the members were directly elected by the manor and large landowners. 7 members were elected indirectly by the other citizens . The term of office was 6 years. Half of the MPs were elected every three years. The MPs received diets of 2 thalers . In addition, 15 silver groschen were paid if the foreign MP had to take up residence in Greiz during the parliamentary term. The Landtag President was elected by the Landtag. Theodor Zopf became the first president of the state parliament . The powers of the state parliament were not very far-reaching. He had no right of initiative .

The first state elections were held in June / July 1867 on the basis of the electoral law of April 24, 1867. The opening of the state parliament took place on August 6, 1867.

Presidents of Parliament

Members

Members of the first constitutional state parliament

Curia Surname place Representative place
Appointed by the prince Consistorial Councilor Franz Ludwig Hofmann Greiz Pastor Gottlieb Schwalbe Frober Green
Appointed by the prince Judge Eduard Knoll Greiz Counselor Carl Zopf Greiz
Appointed by the prince Cabinet Councilor Richard von Geldern-Crispendorf Greiz Criminal court assessor Theodor Dietl Greiz
Manor owner Legation councilor Heinrich von Kommerstädt Oberfeld and Unterschönfeld Landowner Carl Friedrich Petzold Schönfeld
Manor owner Manor owner Hugo Wittich Dörflas Landowner Franz Ferdinand Hupfer God green
Elected (Greiz) Merchant Richard Leidholdt Greiz Merchant Heinrich Schilbach Greiz
Elected (Greiz) Theodor Zopf Greiz Manufacturer Ferdinand Büttner Greiz
Elected (Zeulenroda) City clerk, government advocate Carl Schmidt (Member of Parliament) Zeulenroda Merchant Gustav Birkner Zeulenroda
Elected (rural communities) Merchant Carl Friedrich Bauch Irchwitz Landowner Friedrich Wilhelm Hupfer God green
Elected (rural communities) Landowner Johann Friedrich Strauss Zoghaus Landowner Gottfried Heinrich Dietzel grove
Elected (rural communities) Merchant Lucian Hempel Greiz Mill owner Franz Julius Heller Dölau
Elected (rural communities) Attorney General Heinrich Weigelt Burgk Official mayor Paulus Grimm Sopot

Members of the last state parliament in 1918

Curia Surname place Representative place
Appointed by the prince Commerzienrat Paul Arnold Greiz Factory owner Gustav Reissmann Greiz
Appointed by the prince Lawyer, Counselor Franz Brösel Greiz Master builder Heinrich Hoffmann Greiz
Appointed by the prince Lord Mayor Paul Thomas Greiz City Councilor Franz Ludwig Zeulenroda
Manor owner Manor owner Artur von Geldern-Crispendorf Reudnitz Landowner Hugo Edmund Hupfer God green
Manor owner Manor owner Georg von Loeben Frotschau Landowner August Hermann Reudnitz
Elected (Greiz) Weber Albin Beer Greiz Weber Arno Seidel Greiz
Elected (Greiz) Attorney William Oberländer Greiz Manufacturer Hermann Reinhold Greiz
Elected (Zeulenroda) First Mayor Dr. Ernst Jahn Zeulenroda Factory owner Rudolf Schopper Zeulenroda
Elected (rural communities) Merchant Oswald Fischer (SPD) Greiz Warehouse keeper Gustav Dillner (SPD) Irchwitz
Elected (rural communities) Cigar manufacturer Hermann Herzog (SPD) Hohenölsen Weber Paul Jugold (SPD) Pohlitz
Elected (rural communities) Managing Director Paul Kiss (SPD) Greiz Landowner and community leader Hermann Fröbisch Schönbrunn
Elected (rural communities) Landowner and registrar Ferdinand Orlamünder Sopothen Landowner and mayor Karl Müller Grochwitz

Another story

Also due to the electoral law, very few Social Democrats had become members of parliament until the November Revolution, although the results of the Reichstag election show that the Social Democrats in the Reuss electoral district. received extensive support in the country. In May 1913 a new electoral law was passed by the state parliament. According to this law, the number of seats in the state parliament should be increased from 12 to 15. The two mayors of Greiz and Zeulenroda should receive mandates from office. The third seat should be determined by the mayors by election. However, due to the First World War , this suffrage was never voted.

After the November Revolution, there were free elections to the Greiz Landtag for the first time and for the last time. On February 2, 1919, the 15 seats in the state parliament were awarded to the following parties with a turnout of 74.7%:

Political party Result Seats
USPD 44.51% 7 seats
DDP 22.67% 4 seats
DNVP 16.95% 2 seats
SPD 15.97% 2 seats

On April 4, 1919, the united Russian Landtag (i.e. the Greizer Landtag together with the Landtag Reuss junior line ) passed the law on the unification of the two Russian Free States into one People's State of Reuss , as well as on the provisional constitution and administration . This ended the history of the Greiz Landtag.

swell

  • Werner Querfeld: Opening and course of the first constitutional state parliament of Reuss-Greiß in 1867; in: Writings on the history of parliamentarism in Thuringia, issue 7, ISBN 3-86160-507-4 , 996, pages 178–191
  • HGIS (PDF file; 38 kB)
  • Brockhaus 1837, keyword Reuss

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl-Ferdinand Lohe: The constitutional position of the state government and parliament in Reuss older line and the settlement of contradictions between the two (1867-1918), 1937, pp. 215-216