Great Hamburg Street

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Great Hamburg Street
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Great Hamburg Street
Jewish high school
Basic data
place Berlin
District center
Created 1707
Hist. Names Hamburger Street
Connecting roads Koppenplatz
Cross streets Sophienstrasse , Krausnickstrasse , Oranienburger Strasse
Numbering system Horseshoe numbering
Buildings see building
use
User groups Road traffic
Technical specifications
Street length 400 meters

The Große Hamburger Straße is a 400 meter long street in the Berlin district of Mitte between Auguststraße and Oranienburger Straße .

history

Plan of the Spandau suburb around 1723 (north below)

With the development of the Spandau suburb , Hamburger Strasse was created around 1700 with two sections between Oranienburger Strasse and Armesünder Gasse (today: Auguststrasse) and on to the Hamburger Tor. Already on the city map of Dusableau from 1723 it is listed as Hamburger Straße. In 1737 it was divided into Große Hamburger Straße and Kleine Hamburger Straße, which can be seen on the map from 1738. In 1740 it was paved. The house numbers follow the principle of the horseshoe numbering that was originally customary in Berlin , starting on Auguststrasse on the western side (1–21) and on the eastern side from Oranienburger Strasse (25–42).

Since there are buildings of Jewish, Protestant and Catholic life in a small space here, one also speaks of the "Toleranzgasse". In memory of the atrocities that took place here during the National Socialist era , there is also talk of the “road to tolerance and death”.

building

Western side

St. Hedwig Hospital with fountain, right side of the picture Marienkapelle
  • The apartment buildings No. 2 (around 1875) and No. 4 (around 1865) are listed architectural monuments.
  • The Catholic St. Hedwig Hospital , which was founded in 1846 and is the second oldest major hospital in Berlin after the Charité, is located at No. 5–11 . The building was erected from 1851 to 1854 together with the Marienkapelle integrated in the main building on Große Hamburger Straße according to designs by Vincenz Statz and is a listed building monument.
The resigned Chancellor Heinrich Brüning ( Center Party ) lived in the hospital from 1932 to 1934 , before he was forced into exile after the Enabling Act was passed. In between 1942 and 1945, the doctor helped Erhard Lux and the social worker Marianne Hapig with the support of nuns and employees of the hospital many of deportation threatened Jews.
  • The corner house No. 12 at the corner of Krausnickstraße from 1881 is a listed building monument.
  • The three-story corner house nos. 13 and 14 is one of the few surviving buildings from the first development of the 18th century. The house of butcher Carl Friedrich Hebener at Grosse Hamburger Strasse 14, mentioned in the files in 1755 , has not changed significantly since the new building in 1820. The four-storey wing on Krausnickstraße was built in 1862. Krausnickstraße was not opened until 1860 after two residential buildings had been demolished as far as Große Hamburger Straße.
Hamburger Strasse 15/16
  • Edmund Fuchs's house no. 15/16 from 1911 stands out due to its yellow color scheme, which is otherwise not found on this street. It is used gastronomically and is also a listed building monument. In the rear part of the property, the summer house was destroyed by bomb damage during the war. In this gap, the French artist Christian Boltanski created the memorial “The Missing House” in 1990 , with which he commemorates the disappeared residents of this house.
Hamburger Höfe
  • House No. 17 from 1828 marks the former, narrower street profile of Große Hamburger Straße with its building line. It is also a monument that houses the Hamburger Höfe today , a mixture of residential and commercial buildings. Here, the Berlin architects nps Tchoban Voss, in close coordination with the monument protection authorities of the district and the Senate, developed a conversion and expansion concept that enables a mix of uses of handicrafts, arts and crafts, cultural operations and apartments. The building complex was completed in summer 2010.
  • The house No. 18/19 from 1864 is also a monument. The house of Caritas is located at No. 18 , an institution of the German Caritas Association , which operates an addiction advice center, a street café and a supervised shared apartment. In 1934 the first Don Bosco Home of the Salesians was opened here.
No. 19a, the oldest house in the Spandau suburb
  • No. 19a, the oldest house in the Spandau suburb, probably dates from 1692, was divided in 1827 and rebuilt several times. Due to its historical importance, the structural repairs in 1996 left the floor plan of the house and the roof construction unchanged with all historical characteristics. A newly erected structure takes the load between the old roof trusses that are no longer stable.

Eastern side

  • The apartment buildings No. 24 from 1867 and 25 from 1864 are listed architectural monuments.
Memorial on the site of the former Jewish retirement home
  • The Jewish cemetery was built at the end of Oranienburger Strasse in 1672 and closed in 1827. The Jewish community center and the Jewish hospital ("Juden-Lazarett") founded in 1756 , which was moved to Auguststrasse in 1861, have been located here since the 18th century . From 1829 the first old people's home of the Jewish community was located in the immediate vicinity of the cemetery, which moved into the newly built building in 1844. It was destroyed during the Second World War and demolished after the war. A group of figures by Will Lammert has stood on the site of the old people's home since 1984 , originally (1957) intended for the Ravensbrück memorial and memorial , and commemorates the suffering of the 55,000 Jews who were abducted to their death from here.
  • No. 27: The Jewish High School Berlin was founded in 1861 at Große Hamburger Straße 27 and opened in 1862. A plaque and a portrait relief commemorate its founder, Moses Mendelssohn . As if by a miracle, despite the ordered deletion of all Jewish inscriptions and symbols above the school portal, the inscription "Boys' School of the Jewish Community" with sculptural decorations was preserved. (see photo in the info box)
  • No. 28: Kurt Berndt's house of the Sophiengemeinde was built in 1901 in connection with the reorganization of the area around the Sophienkirche. It now contains a toy store.
Sophienkirche
  • The Sophienkirche , built in 1712-1713 according to plans by Philipp Gerlach , is located on property no. 29–31 , the tower of which is considered an outstanding testimony to Berlin's baroque architecture. The building complex also includes the parish halls of the Sophiengemeinde, built between 1902–1905 as part of the reorganization of the area around the Sophienkirche, which now enabled a view of the church, which was hidden behind the houses on the street for 200 years. The churchyard of the Sophiengemeinde, which was closed in 1853, also belongs to the church. In the outer wall of the church is at the sacristy , the memorial plaque for the poet Karl Wilhelm Ramler and on the north wall of the poetess Anna Luise Karsch added. In addition to a number of graves from the last days of World War II on the adjacent Sophienstrasse, there are several graves of honor such as that of the founder of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin, Carl Friedrich Zelter, and that of the historian Leopold von Ranke .
Sophieneck
  • Houses no.32 from 1882, no.33 from 1882, no.34 from 1862, no.35 from 1840, no.36 from 1838, no.36a from 1838 and no.37 from 1892 are listed as part of the Spandauer Vorstadt Architectural monuments.

Large Hamburger Strasse assembly camp

On April 11, 1942, at the instigation of the Reich Main Security Office , the Jewish school was vacated and finally closed on June 30. The school and the neighboring retirement home were set up by the Gestapo as a collection camp on November 14, 1942 , from which tens of thousands of Berlin Jews were deported to the Theresienstadt and Auschwitz concentration camps and murdered. The retirement home was destroyed in 1943 and demolished after the war. This is where the entrance to the old Jewish cemetery is now located, which was then directly behind the home.

See also

literature

  • Berlin around 1723 , city map by Abraham Guibert Dusableau
  • Berlin around 1738 , city map by Reimer
  • Through Berlin on foot, hikes in the past and present . VEB Tourist Verlag Berlin Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-350-00240-4 .
  • Irina Liebmann : The Great Hamburger Strasse . Novel. Schöffling & Co. Frankfurt a. M. 2020. ISBN 978-3-89561-258-9 .

Web links

Commons : Große Hamburger Straße (Berlin-Mitte)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Apartment building Große Hamburger Strasse 2
  2. ↑ Apartment building Große Hamburger Strasse 4
  3. ↑ St. Hedwigs Hospital, main building & chapel
  4. ↑ Information about the welfare worker Marianne Hapig ( Memento from August 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 12
  6. ↑ Große Hamburger Strasse 13 and 14
  7. ↑ Apartment building Große Hamburger Strasse 15/16
  8. ^ University of Graphic and Book Art Leipzig Christian Boltanski The Missing House
  9. ↑ Community center and commercial building Große Hamburger Straße 17
  10. ^ Hamburger Hof in Berlin
  11. ↑ Große Hamburger Strasse 18 and 19
  12. ^ Friends of Don Bosco. e. V. Accessed February 22, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Grosse Hamburger Strasse 19a
  14. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 24
  15. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 25
  16. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 28
  17. ↑ Sophienkirche Grosse Hamburger Strasse 29–31
  18. ↑ Parish halls of the Sophiengemeinde Große Hamburger Straße 29–31
  19. ↑ Cemetery at the Sophienkirche, with entrance area, graves and memorials at Große Hamburger Straße 29–30
  20. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 32
  21. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 33
  22. ↑ Big Hamburger Strasse 34
  23. ↑ Grosse Hamburger Strasse 35
  24. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 36
  25. ↑ Grosse Hamburger Strasse 36a
  26. ↑ Great Hamburger Strasse 37
  27. ↑ Document VEJ 6/190 in: Susanne Heim (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (collection of sources) Volume 6: German Reich and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia October 1941 – March 1943. Berlin 2019 , ISBN 978-3-11-036496-5 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '32.1 "  N , 13 ° 23' 55.7"  E