Gulb

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Gulb
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Gulb (Poland)
Gulb
Gulb
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Iława
Geographic location : 53 ° 58 ′  N , 19 ° 42 ′  E Coordinates: 53 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 42 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents :
Postal code : 14-202 Iława
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NILE



Gulb (German Gulbien ) is a place in the district of Ilawski in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and belongs to the rural municipality of Iława .

Geographical location

The place is in the former West Prussia , about 9 kilometers southwest of Ilawa . To the northwest of Gulbien lies the Gulbier See.

botany

The botanist and pharmacist Rosenbohm researched the flora of Gulbien in 1873. He reports as follows: "At the request of Prof. Caspary, I made an excursion to Gulbien in the second half of July to research the distribution of the plants in this area. The owner of the estate, Mr. Wedding, came to me with the The greatest friendliness and supported me, as often as necessary, with his cart. The area around Gulbien can be called very pretty; it reminds of the Masurian landscape. Large deciduous forests, with particularly large and beautiful red beeches , birches , alders, etc., Many lakes, larger and smaller elevations (up to 250 feet) are visible to the hiker. In the vicinity of the lakes there are often significant peat cuttings which, however, were almost completely dried out this year because of the great drought, and therefore very few The large deciduous forests, such as the Herzogwald'er and Finkenstein'er forest, the latter located on the Geserich Lake , showed a lush vegetation and provided evidence of the fertility of the d it bottom. The great stretches of Urtica dioica , which often reached a height of six feet or more, were astonishing . Entire hop gardens , often connected to the trees in the form of arbors, run through the forests and are particularly extensive on the banks of the Geserich.

During my 18-day stay, I found around 600 species of plants, the rarer ones of which are: "

In Gulbien:

Galium silvaticum

Centaurea solstitiulis , southwest of the garden on a hill

Elymus arenarius, Sandberg, opposite the Kirchberg

Botrychium rutaceum, Willd., Spruce grove, southwest of Gulbien

Laserpitium prutencium , eastern edge of the spruce forest on the Wolka'er way

Hydrocotyle vulgaris , western edge of the Sharp Lake

Armeria vulgaris, spruce grove, southwest of Gulbien

Botrychium Matrieariae Spr., Spruce grove, southwest of Gulbien

Asperula odorata

Malva Alcca

Rubus saxatilis , spruce grove southwest of Gulbien

Chaerophyllum aromaticuma in the garden

Epipactus latitolia a) viridans Crntz., Spruce grove, southwest of Gulbien

history

Gulbien southeast of Marienwerder and northeast of Graudenz on a map from 1908.

After the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410, Poles moved through Gulbien and destroyed the village. In 1414 Gulbien was completely destroyed by the Poles. All the settlements were burned down. The Schulze escaped and remained alive, two people were killed, six kidnapped. After the fighting, the village was rebuilt. The Schulze asked for the renewal of the hand festivals (settlement document) and received it in 1447.

After the Peace of Thorner in 1466, Gulbien belonged to the later Duchy of Prussia until the first partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1772 and was located directly on the border with Prussia .

Gulbien was long owned by the Sudeck / S.-Wilczewski family, which also owned Golmen in Marienwerderscher. The Sudeck dynasty lived in Prussia between the 16th century and the 18th century.

In 1786/1787 a woman from Winterfeld led a legal dispute with the musketeer Dethuno on Gulbien.

In 1788 Friedrich Jacob von Stolterfoth was a lieutenant at Hus. Regiment v. Wolki, owner of Gulbien Stolterfoth, probably died childless in 1812. From the years 1789–1798 several legal disputes by Mrs. von Stolterfoth born. handed down from Auerswald to Gulbien. It can be assumed that Mrs. von Stolterfoth is Henriette von Stolterfoth, widowed von Winterfeld, née von Auerswald from Groß Plauth.

In 1789 Gulbien consisted of a village with an inn, a farm with land and the aristocratic estate (a total of 28 houses).

In 1822 Mrs. von Stolterfoth intended to sell the Gulbien estate with 46 categorized kulm hooves, lots of meadow wax and good soil.

In January 1829 it was noticeably cold in the region and in addition to flu and colds, smallpox broke out in Gulbien.

In the 19th century the anthropological section of the Natural Research Society in Gdańsk was very active in researching archaeological finds. Mr. Wedding from Gulbien reported to the Section on February 26, 1875 that some time ago he discovered an urn grave on his estate near Deutsch-Eylau, the contents of which he "sent to the association, which contained a piece of molten glass in addition to several bronzes. It draws In this find, a completely preserved bronze brooch is particularly distinguished by the extremely pleasing, simple shape that is characteristic of Etrurian-Italic fabrication and points to the first centuries of our era ". On October 27, 1875, Director Töppen from Marienwerder reported "in detail about the investigation of that grave near Gulbien near Deutsch Eylau, the contents of which a very nicely preserved fibula was presented at the previous meeting. He had succeeded in Parts of the urn and a piece of jewelry made of bone, on which a bronze rivet was still preserved. He gave these objects to the association ".

About the burial ground in Gulbien, Dr. M. Töppen 1876: "Mr. Landowner Wedding in Gulbien, from whom I received several antiquarian reports in the previous year, informed me in April of this year that he was near his house on a place that has been plowing since time immemorial, but still Marked by a low wall, I found an urn field when digging the ground for the construction of a new school. urn fragments were found in abundance, but they had nothing particularly strange, but then a very interesting find came to light. 'Three feet under On the surface of the earth stood (unfortunately somewhat damaged by the spade, but glued together again by me) with bones and remains of ashes from a shape that has not been observed until now, as far as I know, similar to a leather or leather-covered Austrian canteen or a Bocksbeutel bottle with four handles; the urn is black, unglazed, raw. " In the vicinity of that place there was also found the skeleton of a person in a five-foot-deep green, next to it some horse bones and coals, but, as our investigation has shown, all these things hardly got underground earlier than the nineteenth century, likewise a skull with a fragment of a modern broken knife stuck in it. The news prompted me to visit Gulbien again, where Mr. Wedding handed me the vessel along with some other clay items. In particular, he drew my attention to a resinous mass which was found in that four-handled urn. As I can now add, it has the shape of a flat but circular bottle. The two circular side surfaces, one of which is half destroyed, have a diameter of 15 centimeters, protrude 6 centimeters from each other and curve with the edges against each other. This narrow side is pressed wide at the bottom, so that an area of ​​8 to 9 centimeters in diameter is created on which the vessel can stand upright. Opposite this area is the neck opening, which is only 2½ centimeters wide. Only a very brief part of the neck has been preserved. On the narrow side there are two short handles on the one hand between the neck and the base, on the other hand only the upper one is preserved, the lower one with the abutting part of the side surface is lost. The handles look almost as if they were intended to be pulled through a ribbon so that the vessel could be carried. Its use as an ash urn is very striking. [...] A third time I found the opportunity to attend similar searches for death urns in Gulbien, a knight's estate about a mile and a half west of Dt. Eylau. Mr. Wedding, the owner of this property, had told me about a strange find that his people had made on his property a few years ago, but which until recently had remained hidden from him; People would have found all sorts of jewelry made of silver and bronze, bracelets, fibula, chains and the like, but some of them immediately negotiated with peddlers passing by, some gave them to their children to play with, and all research only led to the discovery of a few pieces, a completely preserved bronze fibula, one Piece of molten glass & like. led; He had presented these things to the natural research society in Danzig during his time. With my presence in Gulbien he was now kind enough to lead me to the field where the find was made; the workers who had been taken along remembered roughly the place where the things had been, but several deep trenches had to be dug in different directions through the light, almost stone-free soil before we found the right place. And there was nothing more than a few shards of a blackish unfired urn of not very considerable size because the lower part of the same could still be put together completely, a few small remains of bones, a little bit of the ashes, a few very small pieces of glass (if they are really pieces of glass otherwise) and - what strikes me the strangest - a bronze pencil in a bone-like mass. The workers seemed to recognize the spot exactly and assured them that the items described above had been found in this pot years ago. If, according to these statements, as well as the remains of the urn, to judge the ashes and bones, we are really talking about a grave find and not a treasure, then it must be noted that there is far and wide around the whole field no traces of a second grave have been found. - On my return from the field, Mr. Wedding drew my attention to two fairly close, still uncultivated areas in a different area, which, with fairly broad margins, extend over the neighboring fields for several feet, in different places 3, 4, 6 to 8 feet , raise. The steep edges were not explained by plowing over the unused pieces on the somewhat ... sluggish terrain. But why weren't they tilled as a habit? why had they been periodically overgrown with bushes? To this we found no other answer than this: They seem to be Heidenkirchhöfe. The thought came by itself, ... the first time we searched, we found a lot of urn shards on the surface, and after a short digging, also underground. But it was only crumbs, not a whole urn. "

In the summer of 1882, secondary school teacher Schultze traveled to the Rosenberg district on behalf of the section. He met the landowner Wedding von Gulbien, who was also very interested in the old inheritance. Mr. Schultze received "a more recent form of scrap metal and a spoon which was discovered there [Gulbien] under an alder from the manor in Wedding". At the Section meeting on November 1, 1882, Schultze reported that two gold-plated bronze head hoops, one of which is ornamented, and a large bronze needle with a spiral head end when plowing in Gulbien near Dt. Eylau was found and given to the local museum by the manor Mr. Wedding there. On January 10, 1883, Schultze reported on stone pictures (erroneously called monk stones in the district), which he visited in the summer of 1882. The manor owner Wedding showed him such a figure, which was carved out of a 1.43 m high red syenite. "It depicts a warrior who is holding an object in his right hand that is perhaps supposed to represent a small throwing club, with his left hand he is holding a bow, and a short sword hangs on the same side. This stone statue is in a field in Mosgau near Gulbien am Shore of a small lake, on the opposite bank of which there is a sand hill raised by people, presumably a burial mound ". On March 21, 1883, Schultze reported to the Section that he had been shown pagan burial sites in Gulbien.

In 1896 the Prussian Settlement Commission bought the Gulbien estate (768 hectares) from the landowner Wentscher and parceled out the estate for the settlement of colonists.

In 1921 Gulbien was connected to the power grid by the West Prussian overland plant in Rosenberg . From 1931 to 1934 the road from Traupel via Gulbien, Groß Herzogswalde, Seegenau to Sommerau was expanded. Thanks to the support of the sports and gymnastics club, a swimming pool at Gulbier See with a diving platform was opened in 1937.

On January 21, 1945, the residents of Gulbien fled from the advancing Red Army in freezing cold and snow . In and around Gulbien there must have been fighting in the hours and days that followed. Houses and stables burned down or were damaged. The 7th Panzer Division collided with the Red Army southwest of Deutsch-Eylau on January 23, "and there was a heavy battle tank against tanks. The leader of the Panzer Regiment 25, Major von Petersdorff- returned from this battle. Kampen, with a number of officers and tank crews, did not return. 13 tanks were - as it turned out later - locked in due to lack of fuel, after all their ammunition had been exhausted they blew up and the crews were overwhelmed by the enemy. A small number of the crews escaped unharmed get out and found himself back at the unit a few days later "

Demographics

The number of residents and residential buildings were in the following years:

  • 1817 - 53 people, 24 houses
  • 1831 - 116 people, 16 houses
  • 1864 - 186 people, 9 houses
  • 1871 - 176 people, 10 houses
  • 1885 - 150 people, 10 houses
  • 1905 - 341 people, 53 houses
  • 1933 - 477 people (including Bonin (Zazdrość) and Scharschau (Skarszew))

literature

in order of appearance

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Writings of the Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Königsberg . In Commission bei Gräfe and Unzer, 1873 ( google.de [accessed on July 1, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Writings of the Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Königsberg . In Commission bei Gräfe and Unzer, 1873 ( google.de [accessed on July 1, 2019]).
  3. ↑ Kurt Stuertz: Der Kreis Rosenberg - a West Prussian homeland book . Ed .: Alfred Müsse. Hermann Bösmann GmbH, Detmold 1963.
  4. ↑ George Adalbert von (1825-1914) Mülverstedt: The dead nobility of the province of Prussia . Nuremberg, 1874 ( edu.pl [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  5. ^ Archiwum Państwowe. Retrieved July 1, 2019 .
  6. ↑ George Adalbert von (1825-1914) Mülverstedt: The dead nobility of the province of Prussia . Nuremberg, 1874 ( edu.pl [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  7. ^ New general German nobility lexicon . Georg Olms Verlag, 1973, ISBN 978-3-487-40326-7 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  8. ↑ George Adalbert von (1825-1914) Mülverstedt: The dead nobility of the province of Prussia . Nuremberg, 1874 ( edu.pl [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  9. ^ Archiwum Państwowe. Retrieved July 1, 2019 .
  10. ^ Archiwum Państwowe. Retrieved July 1, 2019 .
  11. ^ Archiwum Państwowe. Retrieved July 1, 2019 .
  12. ^ Archiwum Państwowe. Retrieved July 1, 2019 .
  13. ^ Archiwum Państwowe. Retrieved July 1, 2019 .
  14. ^ Johannes Voigt: Contributions to the history of the Auerswald family from documented sources: Manuscript for the family published . Hartung, 1824 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  15. ↑ Gulb. Retrieved July 1, 2019 (Polish).
  16. ^ Official Journal for the Marienwerder administrative region . Government Official Gazette, 1822 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  17. ^ Prussian provincial sheets . 1829 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  18. ↑ Natural Research Society in Danzig: Writings of the Natural Research Society in Danzig . Kafemann, 1876 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  19. ↑ Natural Research Society in Danzig: Writings of the Natural Research Society in Danzig . Kafemann, 1876 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  20. ↑ Old Prussian Bibliography . Thomas & Oppermann, 1876 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2019]).
  21. ↑ a b c Meeting reports of the anthropological der Naturforschenden Sesellschaft der Section der DANZIG from the year 1880 to the end of 1888. Retrieved on July 1, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Globus, 59 / 60.1891. 1891, Retrieved July 1, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Kurt Stuertz: Der Kreis Rosenberg - a West Prussian homeland book . Ed .: Alfred Müsse. Hermann Bösmann GmbH, Detmold 1963.
  24. ↑ . Tradition federation former 7.Panzer Division comrades eV: The 7th Panzer Division in World War II. Use and fight of the "Ghost Division" 1939-1945 . Ed .: Traditionsverband former 7. Panzer-Division-Kameradenhilfe eV self-published, 1965.
  25. ↑ Gulb. Retrieved July 1, 2019 (Polish).