Gurina
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Gurina ( Scattered Houses ) locality |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Hermagor (HE), Carinthia | ||
| Judicial district | Hermagor | ||
| Pole. local community | Dellach ( KG Dellach) | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 40 '2 " N , 13 ° 5' 9" E | ||
| Residents of the village | 16 (January 1, 2020) | ||
| Building status | 4 (2001) | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Locality code | 00340 | ||
| Counting district / district | Dellach (20302 000) | ||
| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; KAGIS | |||
Gurina is a village in the Dellach community in Carinthia's Gail Valley . The Gurina represents a spacious terrace, which is in front of the Jauken in the south. It has been settled since the Neolithic . The village of Gurina has eight inhabitants (2001 census).
Geographical location
The Gurina is an approximately five hectare plateau on the south side of the Jauken and is located on the sunny side of the upper Gail valley at an altitude of 800 to 890 m above sea level. A. It is divided into two stages, the Upper and Lower Gurina. There are natural ditches on the east and west sides, while the north side is bounded by an artificially fortified ridge. Rocks bearing zinc ore are found on the Gurina .
history
The Gurina has been settled at least since the 9th century BC. A grave field, a sacrificial site and part of the settlement are known from the Hallstatt period. The burial ground is a group of small burial mounds and is interpreted as a gentlemen's burial place: in the mounds there were simple stone chambers or stone slab covers with cremations. The additions were very elaborate and passed. a. from bronze vessels. Only around 350 kg of ceramic shards have been preserved from the sacrificial site, as the site was leveled in Roman times. From the remains, a volume of the offerings of around 86 m³ and a weight of seven tons was calculated.
The most important find is a bronze statuette, which is addressed as the goddess Venus . Three houses were excavated from the settlement. Century to be dated. What is striking is the large amount of weaving weights that were found here. Zinc was already being mined here back then . From around 200 BC Bronze plaques with inscriptions in the Venetian language and script were found, which are interpreted as fittings for votive offerings. The texts name female and male persons who sacrifice something to gods. These are the oldest written documents in Austria. From approx. 200 BC The area belonged to the tribal area of the Ambilini , the "both sides of the Gail residents", a Roman name for the Noric population settling here , which arose from the resident Illyrians and the newly immigrated Celts . At that time the Gurina was a trading center and mediated between the Eastern Alpine and the Italian regions. Emporium built by the Romans on the Magdalensberg .
Celtic coinage of the Gurina is also documented by the discovery of stamps.
At the beginning of Roman rule in Noricum , a settlement was built that was surrounded by a massive city wall. A Gallo-Roman temple was built on the site of the sacrificial site. A building with an area of over 1000 m² is interpreted as an administration building. The number of finds also suggests the presence of Roman military. Furthermore five buildings were excavated, others are known from geophysical measurements.
The majority of the finds date from the time between the Roman occupation of Noricum in 16 BC. To date to the middle of the first century AD. Among them are quite a few early Roman and Imperial Hercules statuettes . For the time after that there are far fewer finds; it is assumed that the settlement will be abandoned as planned.
There are more and more finds from late antiquity. Around 600 the settlement was largely abandoned. Graves with additions from the Köttlach-Karantan culture, however, point to settlement in the early Middle Ages.
From October 2007 to October 2008 a replica of the Gallo-Roman temple was built. The statue in the interior is said to represent Hercules.
If the city wall of Aguntum is an early Augustan barrier wall on the Via Iulia Augusta, the latest excavation findings from the Gurina could be reinterpreted. Accordingly, walls on the Gurina and on the Magdalensberg summit would have formed Roman enclaves in the free Noricum and could only be assumed as such before the occupation (15 BC) (more on the discussion page).
It is also uncertain whether the Hadn wall , a dam near Rattendorf , was part of the Gurina fortification system.
literature
- Peter Jablonka : The Gurina near Dellach in the Gailtal. Settlement, trading center and sanctuary. History Association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85454-092-2 .
- Gernot Piccottini : The Romans in Carinthia. Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1989, ISBN 3-85378-333-3 , pp. 61-64.
- Otto H. Urban: The long way to history. The prehistory of Austria. Ueberreuter, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-8000-3969-9 .
Web links
- Excavation website , accessed May 24, 2008
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marienpilgerweg. In: marienpilgerweg.at. Retrieved October 19, 2016 .
- ↑ Jenig. In: jenig.at. Retrieved October 19, 2016 .