Gustaf Otto Stenbock
Gustaf Otto Gustafsson Stenbock or Gustav Otto Gustavsson Stenbock (born September 17, 1614 in Torpa, Västergötland , Sweden ; † September 24, 1685 in Stockholm ) was a Swedish officer and politician.
Life
Gustav Otto was a member of the Swedish noble family Stenbock . His parents were the Swedish Councilor Gustaf Stenbock (1575–1629) and Beata Margareta Brahe (1583–1645). Thus, on his father's side, he was related to the Swedish royal family through his great aunt, Queen Katharina Stenbock (1535–1621) , and on his mother's side he was descended from Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Harburg (1528–1603). The Swedish Major General Erik Stenbock (1612-1659) was his brother.
During the Thirty Years' War he fought in Germany from 1633, took part in the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634 and was promoted to major general in 1643 , lieutenant general in 1647 and infantry general in 1648 . In the Bremen-Swedish War he served in 1654 under Field Marshal Königsmarck .
During the war against Poland , Stenbock was promoted to field marshal in 1656 and fought united with Brandenburg troops in East Prussia and West Prussia before he was ordered against Denmark in 1657. After the Swedish-Danish Peace of Roskilde in 1658 he became governor-general of the newly won provinces of Scania , Halland and Blekinge .
As a member of the Reichsrat , in which the Swedish nobility divided the most important imperial offices among themselves, Stenbock hoped to be appointed Reichsmarschall . But instead of Stenbock, the previous Reichsadmiral Carl Gustav Wrangel was appointed to this influential office in 1664 , and Stenbock received the office of Reichsadmiral as compensation . Stenbock was considered an experienced general, but like the two admirals Niels Brahe (1633–1699) and Klas Stiernsköld (1617–1676) he had never served in the navy. All of them lacked nautical experience as well as the ability to lead naval units and they were therefore jointly responsible for the Swedish losses in the war against Denmark and Brandenburg .
The Swedish Navy suffered several serious defeats against the Danish fleet from 1676 onwards. For the Swedish King Charles XI. who basically wanted to evade the influence of the imperial council controlled by the powerful nobility, this was a welcome excuse to remove Stenbock from his office in 1676 and abolish the imperial admiralty. The Imperial Chancellor had also been deposed, and the new Imperial Councilors were henceforth loyal officials of the king. Stenbock was sentenced to a fine of 200,000 thalers for the losses incurred by the army and the navy. As early as 1677 he was rehabilitated by the king, only had to pay 100,000 thalers and was given command of a campaign against Norway. Initially, he was allowed to use the title of Reichsadmiral again, but without any authority or authority. Finally, in 1680, Stenbock finally had to renounce the title and until his death only officially carried the title of "Supreme Admiral" (öfverste amiral) .
Christina Catharina Stenbock (1649–1719), married to the Governor General of Estonia , Count Anders Torstenson (1641–1686), was a daughter of Gustav and his first wife, Baroness Brita Horn von Åminne . The Swedish general Magnus Stenbock (1665-1717) was Gustav's son with Countess Christina Catharine De la Gardie (1632-1704).
literature
- Gustaf Otto Stenbock . In: Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson (eds.): Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : L – Z, including supplement . Albert Bonniers Verlag, Stockholm 1906, p. 521-522 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- Gustaf Otto Gustafsson Stenbock . In: Theodor Westrin, Ruben Gustafsson Berg, Eugen Fahlstedt (eds.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 26 : Slöke – Stockholm . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1917, Sp. 1211-1213 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- Jan Glete: Swedish Naval Administration, 1521-1721, Resource Flows and Organizational Capabilities . Brill, Leiden 2010, p. 301 f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gustaf Stenbock on adelsvapen.com (= Gustaf Elgenstierna : Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor. Stockholm 1925–1936; Swedish).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Stenbock, Gustaf Otto |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Stenbock, Gustaf Otto Gustafsson (full name); Stenbock, Gustav Otto Gustavsson |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swedish officer and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 17th September 1614 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Torpa, Vastergotland , Sweden |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 24, 1685 |
| Place of death | Stockholm |