Gustave Paul Cluseret

Gustave Paul Cluseret (born June 13, 1823 in Paris , † August 21, 1900 near Toulon ) was a French officer and member of the Paris Commune .

Life

Cluseret became a Sous-lieutenant in 1843 , joined the Mobile Guard as captain during the revolution of 1848, and was captain in the 8 ^e bataillon de chasseurs à pied in 1855 . (8th Jäger Battalion). In 1858 he took his leave and then took part in the Italian battles in Sicily and Naples as a colonel under Garibaldi . In the same rank he joined the Army of the Northern States in 1861 during the American Civil War and was promoted to Brigadier General there in 1862 . By 1864 he also published the weekly New Nation in New York , which was to recommend, among other things, the election of John C. Frémont as President.

In 1867 he returned to France , where he wrote for socialist newspapers and also made contact with Bakunin . After the republic was declared in September 1870, Cluseret arrived in Lyon , where he was entrusted with the formation of a battalion of free riflemen . There he tried to set up a republic based on the principles of 1793 and a confederation of the southern provinces of France. On September 28, 1870, he entered the town hall with his battalion and declared that from now on the public authority should belong to the Committee of Public Welfare. He had himself appointed head of the national defense of Lyon. However, the National Guard put down the riot. Cluseret was able to escape and continued his activity in Marseille , where he also failed.

In January 1871 he went to Paris via Geneva . Cluseret was able to gain the upper hand again when the Commune started a successful revolution in Paris on March 18. The federal central committee appointed him on April 4th as head of the war administration. As such, he endeavored to improve the military usefulness of the insurgent National and Mobile Guard. He removed the incapable from the higher command posts and let them z. Some of them were also arrested and on April 6th introduced general compulsory service in the National Guard for all men between 19 and 40 years of age. He treated the Central Committee with contempt as "the selection of incompetent gossipers and cowardly screamers". He himself was arrested on April 30th and replaced by Louis Rossel after Fort Issy was shamefully evacuated by his crew. A few days before the government troops stormed Paris, he was released and fled to England and from there to Mexico .

After he had already been charged with bribery at the time of the Commune, the court-martial at Versailles sentenced him to death in absentia in the autumn of 1872 .

Cluseret returned to Paris in 1880 after an amnesty . From 1888 he was elected several times to the Chamber of Deputies .

Gustave Paul Cluseret died on August 21, 1900 near Toulon.

Works

Mémoires du général Cluseret . 3 vols. Paris (1887–88)

Web links

Commons : Gustave Paul Cluseret - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ Wilhelm Oncken : The Age of Emperor Wilhelm. (Individual edition: ISBN 978-3-8460-3638-9 ) in: Oncken, W. (ed.): General History in Individual Representations , Fourth Main Department, Sixth Part, Volume 2, Berlin: Grote, 1890 and more, p. 357/358.

personal data
SURNAME	Cluseret, Gustave Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	French officer and member of the Paris Commune
DATE OF BIRTH	June 13, 1823
PLACE OF BIRTH	Paris
DATE OF DEATH	August 21, 1900
Place of death	at Toulon

[1] Wilhelm Oncken : The Age of Emperor Wilhelm. (Individual edition: ISBN 978-3-8460-3638-9 ) in: Oncken, W. (ed.): General History in Individual Representations , Fourth Main Department, Sixth Part, Volume 2, Berlin: Grote, 1890 and more, p. 357/358.