György Ede Almásy Count of Zsadány and Törökszentmiklós

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György Ede Almásy Count of Zsadány and Törökszentmiklós (1867–1933)

György Ede Almásy Count of Zsadány and Törökszentmiklós (born August 11, 1867 at Oberlimbach Castle in Grad ; † September 23, 1933 in Graz ) often only György Almásy or Georg von Almásy was a Hungarian explorer , zoologist and ethnographer .

Live and act

His father was Ede Almásy von Zsadány (1836–1917), his mother Ilona nee. Teschenberg-Kluger (1839-1890). The father was a co-founder of the Hungarian Geographic Society . György Almásy married Ilona Pittoni on March 3, 1891. From this marriage the children Györgyike von Althaus (1892–1954), János Almásy (1893–1968) and Ladislaus Almásy (1895–1951) emerged.

György Almásy first studied law and then did his doctorate at the University of Graz , but his real interest was in the natural sciences. He completed his doctorate in Graz on March 24, 1893. Together with his friend and teacher Stefan von Chernel zu Chernelhaza (1865–1922) he made ornithological observations and put together a considerable collection of bird hides at Bernstein Castle . Together with Chernel he visited western Hungary, the area around Diósjenő in Nógrád county , as well as the area around Temeskubin . While Chernel was considered an introverted and diligent researcher, Almásy was preceded by the reputation of a rather unbalanced character with an erratic temperament. Nevertheless, Ottó Herman saw the future of the Royal Hungarian Ornithological Center in both of them . While Chernel Herman's successor, Almásy never met these expectations because of his character. Correspondence between Almásy, Herman and Chernel showed that there were tensions between Herman and Almásy about the direction of the headquarters. While Almásy had a zoological research institute in mind, Herman preferred to devote himself exclusively to bird research. For Almásy this was reason enough not to take a position at the headquarters.

After the death of his friend Chernel, it appeared in the trade journal Aquila in 1922 . A magyar madártan központi folyóirata an obituary by Almásy for this. In it he wrote:

“It was on hundreds of excursions in our beautiful homeland in the swamp wilderness of southern Hungary, in the bush and cane of Lake Neusiedl and the Hanyság , in the breeding colonies of Lake Velencze , in the alluvial forests of the Danube, in the mountains and hills of western and northern Hungary Granted to me, researching or hunting, to be Stephan von Chernel's companion and student. But I spent hundreds of enjoyable hours together with him in the service of theory at the work table, measuring, comparing, exchanging data. "

When the 2nd International Ornithological Congress took place in Budapest in 1891 , it was decided there to map all the remaining breeding colonies of birds in Europe. The Ministry of Culture and Education entrusted Almásy with the task. This began his work immediately and sent preparatory work to the headquarters, which was registered by Gaszton Béla Zénó Rezső Gaál de Gyulai (1868-1932). These notes were returned to Almásy with a request for completion and have not appeared since then.

On March 20, 1897, Almásy set out on his first major research trip. As early as June 2nd, he contacted Herman with a report about his two-month stay in Dobruja . In a short article in Aquila entitled Ornithological Thinning of the Dobruja , a brief outline of his results was first published. In 1898 a lengthy treatise on this journey followed with Ornithological Recognition of the Romanian Dobruja .

Together with Otmar Reiser he described 1898 Reed Bunting subspecies Emberiza schoeniclus tschusii .

This Dobruja trip made him want to explore further destinations. In 1900 he made his first trip to the Tian Shan . He chose this destination because many explorers set out for Central Asia, but all avoided these high mountains. Only a short time later did Gottfried Merzbacher follow his path.

Since the Russian authorities refused to allow him to cross the Chinese border on this trip, he set out on a second trip to this area in 1906. This time he managed to cross the border. Almásy presented himself as a shrewd diplomat who got along with the common Kyrgyz people as well as wrapping up Russian border authorities. So he learned the Kyrgyz language and spent the winter with this people in the high mountains during a serious illness.

He showed less diplomacy with his travel companions. In 1900 they parted ways with Rudolf Stummer Ritter von Traunfels (1866–1961) and in 1906 with Prince Gyula (1882–1973) and Herbert von Archer , who finally took different routes.

In addition to research trips, he also dealt with taxonomic issues. So he published u. a. in Addenda to the Ornis of Hungary II. On the forms of the subgenus Budytes for example about the yellow wagtail ( Motacilla flava ) and in Some Addenda to the Ornis of Hungary about the woodlark ( Lullula arborea ). Almásy criticized that Josef Prokop Pražák had only described Lullula arborea cherneli on the basis of one type specimen in 1895 , but he agreed with him that this was a new subspecies. Still having doubts, he sent several hides to Richard Bowdler Sharpe , who realized that all hides of the subspecies were collected in spring and summer, a time when the plumage is noticeably paler. Thus, Sharpe came to the conclusion that the subspecies was actually the nominate form . On such questions he was in constant correspondence with other influential ornithologists such as Victor von Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen (1847–1924), Ludwig von Lorenz-Liburnau (1856–1943), Otmar Reiser or Gyula Madarász (1858–1931).

Due to the normal course of things and the First World War , Almásy initially turned to other tasks. In his lecture Instinct and Intellect as adaptations and growth paths in the context of the 10th International Ornithological Congress in Budapest in 1927, he wrote in the preface:

"The subject, on which I am honored to speak to you today, comprises a short excerpt from an extensive work that I began many years ago, but which ended by all sorts of coincidences - not least through the War and post-war period - was postponed and delayed in an unpleasant way. "

Henrik Dorning (1880–1960) gave the lecture because Almásy was unable to attend the congress due to illness.

His main focus was now on machine construction, probably the reason why his son Ladislaus embarked on a similar career path. With the help of a Kyrgyz he had brought with him, he published his findings on the Kyrgyz epic The Farewell of the Hero Manas from his son Sémetéj and conducted Kyrgyz language studies.

His rich collections of bellows, with the exception of the bellows of the second Tian Shan trip, went to the Museum Mensch und Natur in Munich. The bellows of the second trip stayed at the Hungarian Natural Science Museum and were only seen late by András Keve .

Allegedly, Almásy enrolled at the University of Graz for the second time at a mature age and received his doctorate as Dr. phil. It could be that Almásy had planned the doctorate, but died before A vitalisztikus természetelméletnek metodologiája és megismerésbírálati tárgyalása új alapokon (methodology of a vitalistic natural theory and cognitive judgment based on new foundations) was completed . The topic would fit in with his contribution to the 10th International Congress of Ornithologists .

Dedication names

The subspecies Capra sibirica almasyi , described by Ludwig von Lorenz-Liburnau in 1907, is today a synonym for the nominate form of the Siberian ibex . In the described by Andreas Keve 1943 subspecies Alauda arvensis almasyi is the skylark subspecies ( Alauda arvensis dulcivox Hume , 1872). Géza von Horváth honored him in 1904 in the dwarf cicada species Rhytidodus almasyi , Desider Kuthy in 1905 in the grasshopper species Conophyma almasyi . In 1904, Eugen von Daday named a species of ostracode Potamocypris almasyi , a name that is now a synonym for Potamocypris arcuata ( Sars , 1903).

Publications (selection)

  • Some addenda to the Ornis of Hungary . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 3 , 1896, p. 209-216 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ornithological and taxidermy from the Millennium Exhibition . In: Ornithological Yearbook . tape 7 , no. 6 , 1896, pp. 205-227 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Some closing remarks on my Millennium Reports . In: Ornithological Yearbook . tape 8 , no. 2/3 , 1897, p. 103-108 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ornithological thinning of the Dobruja . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 4 , 1897, p. 173-176 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • with Otmar Reiser: Emberiza schoeniclus tschusii n. subsp. In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 5 , 1898, p. 122-125 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Betekintés a román Dobrudsába . In: Természettudományi közlöny . tape 30 , 1898, pp. 169–192 ( epa.oszk.hu [PDF; 1.9 MB ]).
  • Addenda to the Ornis of Hungary II. On the forms of the Budytes subgenus . In: Ornithological Yearbook . tape 9 , no. 3 , 1898, p. 83-112 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ornithological recognition of the Romanian Dobruja . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 8 , 1898, p. 1-207 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Review: Chernelházi Chernel István. Magyarország Madarai, Bülönös tekintettel gazdasági jelentöségricke . In: Ornithological Yearbook . tape 11 , no. 2/3 , 1900, p. 106-118 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Preliminary report on a zoological expedition undertaken in the summer of 1900 to the Szemirjetschensk Governorate (Russian Turkestan) . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 8 , 1901, pp. 181-187 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Utazásom orosz Turkesztánba . In: Természettudományi közlöny . tape 33 , 1901, pp. 537-555 .
  • Utazásom orosz Turkesztánba . Pesti Lloyd-Társulat Könyvnyomdája, Budapest 1901.
  • Travel to West Turkestan and the Central Tian Shan . In: Communications from the Imperial and Royal Geographic Society in Vienna . tape 44 , no. 9/10 , 1901, pp. 239-261 .
  • Linguistic Notes on Kara-Kyrgyz . In: Keleti Szemle . tape 2 , 1901, p. 108-122 .
  • Observations on the Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) in the Central Tien Shan . In: Communications of the Austrian Federation for Ornithology and Bird Protection in Vienna . tape 1 , no. 4 , 1901, pp. 22-23 .
  • Jelentés a tiensani turomânyos utazâsomrol . In: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Mathematikai és Természettudományi Értesítő . tape 19 , 1901, pp. 196-209 .
  • Utazasom orosz Turkesztaba . In: Természettudományi Közlöny . tape 33 , no. 385 , 1901, pp. 537–555 ( real-j.mtak.hu537 [PDF; 14.7 MB ]).
  • Travel to West Turkestan and the Central Tian Shan . In: Communications from the Imperial and Royal Geographic Society in Vienna . tape 44 , no. 9/10 , 1901, pp. 239-261 .
  • Kara-Kyrgyzstan nyelvészeti jegyzetek . In: Keleti Szemle . tape 2 , no. 9/10 , 1901, pp. 108-122 ( babel.hathitrust.org ).
  • Le Turkestan oriental et le massif central du Tien-Chan. Traduit de l'allemand by F. Grua . In: Le Mouvement geographique: journal populaire des sciences geographiques . tape 19 , 1902, pp. 142-144 .
  • Central Asia the original home of the Turkic peoples . In: Keleti Szemle . tape 3 , 1902, pp. 179-207 .
  • Vándor-utam Ázsia szívébe . In: Természettudományi Könyvkiadó-Vállalat AM Tud. Akadémia Segítkezésével Kiadjá AK .M Természettudományi Társulat . tape 72 , 1903 ( library.hungaricana.hu ).
  • Állati élet Ázsia szívében . In: Természettudományi közlöny . tape 35 , no. 412 , 1903, pp. 103-109 ( epa.oszk.hu [PDF; 18.3 MB ]).
  • A kara-kirgizek ornamentikája . In: A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Néprajzi Osztályának Értesítõje . tape 5 , 1904, pp. 165-185 .
  • A kara-kirgizek ornamentikája . In: A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Néprajzi Osztályának Értesítõje . tape 5 , 1904, pp. 213-233 .
  • A közép-ázsiai vasúton . In: Uránia - Népszerű tudományos folyóirat . tape 5 , no. 3 , 1904, pp. 103-109 ( adtplus.arcanum.hu ).
  • The farewell of the hero Manas to his son Sémetéj . In: Keleti Szemle . tape 12 , 1911, pp. 215-223 .
  • Chernelházi Chernel István . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 28 , 1922, pp. 7-21 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Stork procession over the high mountains . In: Ornithological monthly reports . tape 32 , no. 2 , 1924, p. 30-31 .
  • Schmidhoffeni Tschusi Viktor lovag, 1847–1923 . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 30/31 , 1924, pp. 363-366 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Viktor Ritter von Tschusi zu Schmidhofen, 1847–1923 . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 30/31 , 1924, pp. 367-370 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • in Ernö Csiki: Instinct and intellect as adaptations and as growth paths in Xe Congrès international de zoologie, tenu à Budapest du 4 au 10 septembre 1927 . Imprimerie Stephaneum, Budapest 1929, p. 510-529 .
  • Pickling in Central Asia . In: Deutscher Falkenorden . tape 4 , 1930, p. 5-9 .

literature

  • Andreas Keve, Gerth Freiherr von Rokitansky: The birds of the Almásy yield, 1901 and 1906 . In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna . tape 69 , 1966, pp. 225–283 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Andreas Keve: Some new bird breeds from Asia . In: Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Vienna (=  mathematical-scientific class ). tape 80 , no. 4/5 , 1943, pp. 16-20 .
  • Titusz Csörgey: Nekrologus Dr. Almásy György (1867-1933) . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 38-41 , 1934, pp. 472-473 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • József Csaba: Almásy György dr. (1867-1933) . In: Vasi szemle . tape 21 , no. 4 , 1967, p. 588-592 .
  • Jakab Vönöczky Schenk: Fifty years. Review of the 50th year history of the Royal Hungarian Ornithological Institute . In: Aquila. A magyar madártan központi folyóirata . tape 50 , 1845, pp. 75-141 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ludwig von Lorenz-Liburnau: To the knowledge of the ibex Inner Asia . In: Memoranda of the Imperial Academy of Sciences . tape 80 , 1907, pp. 83-105 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Géza von Horváth: Insecta Heptapotamica a DD. Almásy et Stummer-Traunfels collecta. I. Hemiptera . In: Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici . tape 2 , no. 2 , 1904, pp. 574-590 ( publication.nhmus.hu [PDF; 1.1 MB ]).
  • Desider Kuthy: Insecta Heptapotamica a DD. Almásy et Stummer-Traunfels collecta. II. Orthoptera . In: Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1905, pp. 215-218 ( publication.nhmus.hu [PDF; 254 kB ]).
  • Eugen von Daday: Microscopic freshwater animals from Turkestan . In: Zoological yearbooks Department for systematics, geography and biology of animals . tape 19 , no. 4 , 1904, pp. 469-553 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Richard Bowdler Sharpe: Dr. Sharpe exhibited a specimen of Chernel's Wood_lark (Lullula cherneli), which had been sent to him for examination by Mr. Georg von Almásy . In: The Ibis (=  7 ). tape 3 , 1897, p. 445-446 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : György Almásy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andreas Keve u. a., p. 226
  2. ↑ Jakab Vönöczky Schenk, p. 89
  3. ^ György Ede Almásy Graf von Zsadány and Törökszentmiklós (1922), p. 14f.
  4. ↑ Jakab Vönöczky Schenk, p. 88
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Andreas Keve u. a., p. 227
  6. ↑ Otmar Reiser u. a, p. 122.
  7. ^ Richard Bowdler Sharpe, p. 445
  8. ^ György Ede Almásy Graf von Zsadány and Törökszentmiklós (1929), p. 510
  9. ↑ a b Andreas Keve u. a., p. 228
  10. ↑ Andreas Keve u. a., p. 225
  11. ↑ Titusz Csörgey, p. 472.
  12. ↑ Titusz Csörgey, p. 473.
  13. ↑ Ludwig von Lorenz-Liburnau, pp. 89, 98–99, panel II, Figures 3–6).
  14. ↑ Andreas Keve (1943), pp. 16-20.
  15. ^ Géza von Horváth, p. 588.
  16. ^ Desider Kuthy, p. 218.
  17. ↑ Eugen von Daday, p. 519, plate 29, Figures 89-97.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to the university archives and research of all documents (rigor records, doctoral books, doctoral files, etc.), he did not obtain a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Graz.
personal data
SURNAME Almásy Count von Zsadány and Törökszentmiklós, György Ede von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Almásy, György; Almásy, Georg von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian explorer, zoologist and ethnographer
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberlimbach Castle, Grad
DATE OF DEATH September 23, 1933
Place of death Graz