Hamburg (ship, 1900)
 The Hamburg as the hospital ship Red Cross 1914
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The Reichspostdampfer Hamburg , the sixth ship of the Barbarossa class , was the first ship to be used by Hapag on the mail steamer line to East Asia.
After giving up participation in this service, the Hamburg remained with Hapag and was deployed on the North Atlantic.
Confiscated in the USA in 1917, the former Hamburg remained in service under several names under the American flag until 1928.
In the service of Hapag
The Hamburg was built by the Stettiner Vulcan and was launched in 1899. On her maiden voyage on March 21, 1900, she was the first Hapag imperial mail steamer to run from Hamburg through the Suez Canal to Yokohama . At the end of 1903, Hapag ended its cooperation with Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) on the East Asia postal route. The Hamburg remained with Hapag as a single ship, while the sister ship Kiautschou was handed over to the NDL.
The first voyage of Hamburg to New York took place on June 2, 1904. In winter 1904/1905 the Hamburg was rebuilt at the Reiherstieg shipyard and adapted to the changed shipping area. The ship was also used for cruises and served Kaiser Wilhelm II twice as a state yacht for state visits, for example from 23 March 1905 for a Mediterranean voyage from Hamburg. The emperor first visited the Portuguese King Charles I in Lisbon. In consultation with the Foreign Office, this was followed by a visit to Tangier on March 31 , where the emperor met an uncle of the Sultan of Morocco . Two French cruisers lying in the harbor shot "Kaisersalut". Nevertheless, this visit was the trigger for the First Moroccan Crisis (1905-1906), which initially led to the confirmation of Moroccan independence. The Kaiser was already in Gibraltar on April 1st , where the accompanying armored cruiser Friedrich Carl rammed the British liner Prince George . Via Port Mahon , Naples was reached on April 5th , where the monarch switched to the yacht Hohenzollern .
Subsequently, on April 13, 1905 , the Hamburg was used for the first time on the Genoa - New York route. In 1906 the Hamburg was used for the second time as an imperial yacht as far as the Mediterranean. In the winter of 1910/1911 the Hamburg operated between New York and Havana in Cuba . In 1914, Hamburg was launched in New York when the war began.
War and post-war use
The American Red Cross chartered Hamburg , lying in New York , which made a trip from New York to Rotterdam and back as Red Cross from September 13 to October 28, 1914 , in order to transport hospital material and auxiliary personnel to Europe and "stranded" in Europe. US citizens returned to the US.
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In 1917 the Hamburg was confiscated when the USA entered the war and on August 16, 1917, from September 5, it was put into service as a Powhatan (ID-3013) as a troop transport. The Powhatan transported 15,274 soldiers to France on twelve voyages between November 12, 1917 and December 9, 1918. On April 4, 1918, she was attacked in vain by a German submarine in the Bay of Biscay. After the armistice, it led 11,803 soldiers back to the US and was decommissioned by the US Navy on September 2, 1919. She then served the Army Transport Service as a hospital ship in New York.
As New Rochelle , the former Hamburg, chartered by the Baltic Steamship Co. of America, came back on the route New York via Le Havre to Gdansk on August 5, 1920 with a facility for 350 cabin passengers and 1500 seats in third class. On November 20, the third and last departure on this line took place, on which the sister ship Barbarossa was supposed to be used as a Mercury .
On February 12, 1921, the ship, now in service with the US Mail Steamship Co., ran from New York via Bremerhaven to Danzig. The passenger facilities had been changed. There were now 350 cabin seats and 900 seats in third class available. In May the ship was renamed Hudson . In the course of the year the ship came into service with the United States Lines and then only went to Bremerhaven. In 1922 the former Hamburg was renamed President Fillmore . On November 20, 1923, she ran from Bremerhaven to New York for the last time.
In 1924, President Fillmore joined the Dollar Line in San Francisco for its round the world service. In 1928 the former Hamburg in the USA was canceled.
literature
- Hans H. Hildebrand, Albert Röhr, Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships: Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1981, ISBN 3-7822-0211-2 .
- Arnold Kludas : The ships of the North German Lloyd 1857 to 1919 . Koehler, Herford 1991, ISBN 3-7822-0524-3 .
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping 1850 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel, Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-89350-821-X .
- Christine Reinke-Kunze: History of the Reichspostdampfer. Connection between the continents 1886–1914 . Koehler, Herford 1994, ISBN 3-7822-0618-5 .
