Harriet Boyd-Hawes

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Harriet Ann Boyd-Hawes (also Boyd Hawes ; born October 11, 1871 in Boston , Massachusetts , † March 31, 1945 in Washington DC ) was an American archaeologist . She was the first woman to lead archaeological digs and excavated the Minoan city of Gournia on the island of Crete from 1901 to 1904 .

Life

Harriet Ann Boyd was the daughter of the leather merchant Alexander Boyd and had four older brothers. Her mother, Harriet Fay Wheeler Boyd, died when she was a child. After graduating from Prospect Hill School in Greenfield (Massachusetts) in 1888 , she studied Classical Studies at Smith College in Northampton (Massachusetts) and achieved a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1892 .

In 1896 Harriet Ann Boyd went to Greece and attended the American School of Classical Studies at Athens . In 1897 she volunteered as a nurse during the Turkish-Greek War and worked in Thessaly and in Florida in 1898 during the Spanish-American War . In 1899 she received the Agnes Hoppin Memorial Fellowship grant from the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, which was endowed with 1000 US dollars.

As a woman, she was denied access to archaeological digs at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, and her professor recommended that she work as a librarian. However, Harriet did not accept this and decided to use the money from her scholarship to fund her excavation. So she went to Crete in 1900. Arthur Evans , who worked in Knossos , advised her to dig at Kavousi . Here she discovered houses and graves from the Geometric Period during her four-month dig . She described the excavation finds in her master's thesis and received a Master of Arts degree from Smith College for this in 1901 .

In 1901 Harriet Boyd returned to Crete and began digging at Gournia, where she discovered a Minoan city. In 1903 and 1904 she continued the excavations and discovered Minoan tombs on the nearby hill Sphoungaras .

Boyd met the English anthropologist Charles Henry Hawes in Crete , whom she married on March 3, 1906. Their son Alexander was born on December 3, 1906, and Mary Nesbit in August 1910, who later wrote a biography of her mother with her daughter under the name Mary Allsebrook. In February 1910 the family moved to Hanover , New Hampshire . In 1916 Harriet Boyd-Hawes served again as a volunteer nurse in a hospital for cholera and typhus patients on the island of Corfu . From 1919 to 1936 she lived with her husband in Boston and Cambridge until they moved into their retirement home, a small farm in Alexandria , Virginia . When Charles Hawes died in 1943, Harriet went to a nursing home in Washington DC where she died on March 31, 1945 of peritonitis .

Works

  • Excavations at Kavousi, Crete, 1900 , 1901
  • Excavations at Gournia, Crete , Government printing office, 1905
  • Pottery of the prehistoric settlement at Gournià and its neighborhood in Crete , University of Pennsylvania, 1905
  • Gournia, Vasiliki and other prehistoric cities on the Isthmus of Hierapetra, Crete; excavations of the Wells-Houston-Cramp expeditions 1901, 1903, 1904 , the American exploration Society, Free Museum of science and art, 1908
  • Crete: the forerunner of Greece , Harper & brothers, 1909
  • A Gift of Themistocles: Two famous Reliefs in Rome and Boston in American Journal of Archeology, Volume 28 (1922), pp. 81–82 ( online )
  • A Gift of Themistocles: The 'Ludovisi Throne' and the Boston Relief. in American Journal of Archeology, Volume 28 (1922), pp. 278-306 ( online )
  • Cabbages and Peanuts , Saalfield Publishing, 1929 (children's book with illustrations by Fern Bisel Peat)
  • Animal Crackers (Happy Time Stories) , Saalfield Publishing, 1930 (children's book with illustrations by Fern Bisel Peat)
  • Ready-guide: Boston, Cambridge, Brookline; tercentenary. , Marshall Jones Company, 1936
  • Smith college studies in history , Smith College, 1964
  • A land called Crete: Minoan and Mycenaean art from American and European public and private collections , Smith College Museum of Art, 1967

literature

  • Mary Allsebrook, Annie Allsebrook: Born to rebel: the life of Harriet Boyd Hawes . Oxbow, Oxford 2002, ISBN 1-84217-041-4 .
  • Vasso Fotou, Ann Brown: Harriet Boyd Hawes, 1871–1945 in Getzel M. Cohen, Martha Sharp Joukowsky: Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists . University of Michigan Press, 2006. ISBN 0-472-03174-0 , pp. 198-273
  • Mary Allsebrook, rebel with body and soul. The life of Harriet Boyd Hawes (German translation and notes by Ilse Eichler), ETEOKPHTIKA Supplement 1, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-85161-121-2

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eberhard Fohrer, Kreta , 18th edition, Michael Müller Verlag , 2009, p. 436.
  2. ^ Catalog of officers, graduates and non graduates of Smith college , Northampton, Mass. 1875–1910, p. 54 ( online )
  3. ^ American Journal of Archeology , Second Series, Volume III, 1899, p. 669 ( online ).
  4. ↑ American Journal of Archeology , Second Series, Volume V, 1901, pp. 14-15 ( online ).
  5. ↑ American Journal of Archeology , Second Series, Volume V, 1901, pp. 125-157 ( online ).
  6. ↑ Records of the Past III , 1904, pp. 92–94. ( Online )
  7. ↑ Transactions of the Department of archeology, Free museum of science and art , University of Pennsylvania, pp. 7–44. ( Online )
  8. ↑ Transactions of the Department of archeology, Free museum of science and art , University of Pennsylvania, pp. 177–190. ( Online )
  9. ^ Edward T. James, Janet Wilson Notable American women, 1607-1950: a biographical dictionary , Volume 2.
personal data
SURNAME Boyd-Hawes, Harriet
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Boyd-Hawes, Harriet Ann (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American archaeologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 11, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Boston , Massachusetts
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1945
Place of death Washington, DC