Holy Cross (Landau)
The Roman Catholic Heilig Kreuz cemetery church in the Lower Bavarian town of Landau an der Isar is a late Gothic cemetery church with the patronage of the Exaltation of the Cross (feast day: September 14th).
history
The Church of the Holy Cross can be traced back to a Romanesque building. The current church, a late Gothic building, dates from the second half of the 15th century. The church was probably once the pastoral church for the Hintersassen family, whose castle in the Landau district of Ahausen existed well into the 16th century. In the Baroque period , the church building was partially changed, for example by adding an onion dome to the church tower in 1711 and by converting the pointed arches of window openings and choir arches into round arches. The function of the Holy Cross Church as a cemetery church dates back to 1804 when the cemetery around the parish church of the Assumption of Mary was closed. There was already a cemetery near the church , but only for people of lower class. This has now been declared the only cemetery in the city of Landau. During the renovation between 1960 and 1964, late Gothic wall paintings, dated to the year 1529, were uncovered. The last major renovation was carried out between 1998 and 2006.
description
architecture
The small, east-facing hall building is kept simple on the outside. It comprises two nave bays and a choir with two bays , which is closed on three sides of the octagon. The high gable roof , under which the nave and choir are united, is only slightly overlooked by the slender onion dome. This is located in the southern corner between the nave and the choir and jumps into the interior of the church. An octagonal superstructure rises above the lower, square floors and is crowned by a baroque dome. The sacristy is also attached to the south of the choir . The interior of the church is entered via a small porch on the west side, which is closed on three sides and which also contains the gallery . While the nave is flat , the choir is spanned by a ribbed vault. It is unusual that the choir is clearly offset to the south compared to the central axis of the nave.
Furnishing
The church contains three remarkable late Gothic winged altars from the time the church was built. The high altar, which is believed to have been made around 1480, shows a figure in the shrine of the Hereditary Christ with his wounds , flanked by the Roman emperor Constantine and his mother Helena . The latter are responsible for the finding of the Holy Cross in 325 AD and thus refer to the patronage of the church. Each three high altar figures are embedded in a niche which is crowned by a keel-arch frieze with tracery . On each wing there are two reliefs with scenes from the legend of the finding of the cross: the capture and torture of the Levite Judas, the excavation of the three crosses and the proof of the true cross. The painted backs of the altar wings contain other paintings related to this legend.
The southern (right) side altar dates from around 1490 to 1500. In the main shrine it shows a relief of the adoration of the Three Kings . The painted insides of the wings show the Annunciation and the birth of Christ , the child murder in Bethlehem and the flight to Egypt . In the high predella zone there is another small winged shrine which contains the relief of a Pietà . The wings are painted with figures of St. Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea . The north (left) side altar was donated by the Landau guild of fishermen and boatmen and erected around 1510 to 1520. In the middle shrine a figure of the Mother of God can be seen with baby Jesus , flanked by Saints Peter (left) and Nicholas (right). On the wing reliefs above are the Annunciation and the birth of Christ, below the abundant fishing with the Apostle Peter and the taming of the sea storm and the rescue of two pilgrims by St. Nicholas.
- Sculptures on the late Gothic side altars
Relief of the Adoration of the Magi on the right side altar
Pietà in the predella of the right side altar
Figures on the left side altar
In addition, a four-part panel painting in the nave is important. It dates from around 1530 and shows the fourteen helpers in need . Another painting, dated 1698, shows the legend of the dormouse . The late Gothic choir arch crucifix, which was made in the early 16th century, is particularly valuable. On the flat ceiling of the nave, which was drawn in in the Baroque era, there is a painting that is embedded in a stucco frame in the form of a curly cross. In the center is the Holy Trinity - Christ crucified , above God the Father and the Holy Spirit dove. The apostles Peter (left) and Andreas (right) can be seen next to Jesus Christ, who have “their” cross as an attribute . Representations of the four evangelists can be found in the arms of the cross .
literature
- Monika Soffner-Loibl: Landau - City Parish St. Mariä Himmelfahrt. Peda art guide No. 808/2010. Art Publishing House Peda , Passau 2010. ISBN 978-3-89643-808-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c City of Landau an der Isar (ed.): Churches in Landau , leaflet of the cultural office of the city of Landau and the Lower Bavarian Archaeological Museum in the Kastenhof.
- ↑ a b c d e Soffner-Loibl, pp. 31–34.
Coordinates: 48 ° 40 ′ 23.2 " N , 12 ° 42 ′ 1.5" E