Heinrich Wilhelm Stieglitz

Heinrich Wilhelm August Stieglitz (born February 22, 1801 in Arolsen , Hesse , † August 23, 1849 in Venice ) was a German philologist and poet .

Life

Heinrich Wilhelm Stieglitz was born as the son of the wealthy Jewish businessman Jakob Stieglitz, baptized in 1819. He was a nephew of the Hanoverian doctor Johann Stieglitz and the St. Petersburg banker Ludwig von Stieglitz .

After baptism in 1814 and attending grammar school in Gotha in 1817, Stieglitz attended the University of Göttingen in spring 1820 . The enjoyment of unrestricted study was subsequently restricted by his father's loss of assets, which forced him to give his education a goal. He found this through his teacher Friedrich Bouterwek , who aroused his interest in the ancient languages. During his studies he became a member of the Pideritia Göttingen fraternity in 1821 and of the Old Göttingen fraternity in 1822 .

The publication of a patriotic poem, which cost the printer 50 thalers fine for censorship offense, reminded the authorities that Stieglitz had watched the Wartburg Festival as a 16-year-old high school student . They took this and Stieglitz 'poetry, which was harmless in itself, as an opportunity to make an example of the rebellious Göttingen fraternity and in April 1822 awarded him the Consilium abeundi .

Stieglitz continued his studies with Gottfried Hermann and Friedrich August Wilhelm Spohn in Leipzig , where he met his future wife Charlotte Willhöfft (1806–1834) and her family in October of the same year . From Easter 1824 he studied in Berlin and was influenced by August Boeckh and Friedrich von Raumer , but above all by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel as his teachers. In 1826 he received his doctorate summa cum laude .

At Easter 1827 Stieglitz became an assistant teacher at the Joachimsthaler Gymnasium . Since 1826 at the latest, he has been working as a "collaborator" for the Royal Library , and in 1828 he was given a permanent position there and was able to marry Charlotte Willhöfft in 1828. In September 1830, Stieglitz gave up his position as an assistant teacher in order to be able to devote more time to his poetry. In a relatively short time he advanced to the position of 1st curator at the library.

The initially happy marriage of Heinrich and Charlotte was increasingly marred by a chronic illness that began with an acute illness in both of them in autumn 1826. Repeated cures by Charlotte Stieglitz, a long vacation in St. Petersburg and a cure in Bad Kissingen could not change the fact that Charlotte Stieglitz's illness was progressing, while Heinrich Stieglitz's suffering soon assumed a physically and psychologically life-threatening form. Charlotte Stieglitz committed suicide on December 29, 1834 in the hope of being able to free him from his increasing "dulling of spirit" "through terrible pain, a tremendous shock".

After the death of his wife, Stieglitz lived for two years in Berlin , henceforth financially supported by the bankers Ludwig and Alexander von Stieglitz , from 1836 to 1838 in Munich and then in Venice , from where he made several extensive trips through northern Italy , Istria , Dalmatia and Montenegro undertook. He was released from his position as a Prussian civil servant at the Royal Library in December 1835 at his own request, which had been expressed several times since September 1834.

As a member of the guardia civica (the vigilante group) , Stieglitz took an active part in the revolt of the Venetians against the Austrian occupation in 1848/1849 . He died of cholera during the Venice blockade and was buried in 1850 at the side of his wife in Cemetery II of the Sophienkirche in Berlin. Both graves have not been preserved.

Appreciation

After the Greek songs (1823), the voices of the time (1832) and numerous poems in newspapers and almanacs, it was above all the images of the Orient (4 vols. 1831–1834) that established the poet's short-lived fame. What he created afterwards no longer came close to her. They combine several cyclical poems and dramas into a panorama that encompasses the entire Orient from Arabia to China.

Around 130 poems by Stieglitz were set to music by numerous composers of the 19th century, including Fanny Hensel , Felix Mendelssohn , Carl Loewe , Heinrich Marschner , Conradin Kreutzer , Carl Gottlieb Reissiger , Ludwig Berger and Bernhard Klein . So far there have been almost 300 songs.

The late work of the still ailing and severely traumatized man is mainly limited to two volumes of poetry, travelogues, a translation, a biography and a few poems. Stieglitz also collected the material that later became the basis of the biography of the painter Johann Christian Reinhart . He also worked as a foreign correspondent for the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung . Most recently he worked for the newspaper La fratellanza dei Popoli ("The Brotherhood of Nations"), which was founded by his friend Niccolò Tommaseo immediately after the start of the revolution in 1848 .

Heinrich Stieglitz's large-scale and previously announced verse epic Venice's rise and fall is considered lost.

Works (after autopsy)

• Poems. Edited for the best of the Greeks by Heinrich Stieglitz and Ernst Große. Commissioned by JG Mittler, Leipzig 1823.
• De M. Pacuvii Duloreste. Scripsit Henricus Goldfinch Phil. Lipsiae Apud Carolum Cnobloch MDCCCXXVI. (Dissertation.)
• Anonymous: Voices of the time. Songs of a German. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1832.
• Pictures of the Orient by Heinrich Stieglitz. 4 volumes. C. Cnobloch. Leipzig 1831-1833.
• Voices of the time in songs by Heinrich Stieglitz. Second, changed and increased edition. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1834.
• Dionysus festival. Lyric tragedy by Heinrich Stieglitz. Verlag von Veit, Berlin 1836.
• Mozart's memorial service. Poem by Heinrich Stieglitz. (To the advantage of the Mozart monument in Salzburg.) Franz, Munich 1837.
• Greetings to Berlin. Heinrich Stieglitz's dream for the future. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1838.
• Mountain greetings from the Salzburg, Tyrolean and Bavarian mountains from Heinrich Stieglitz. Ernst August Fleischmann, Munich, 1839.
• A visit to Montenegro. From Heinrich Stieglitz. JG Cotta'scher Verlag, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1841. ( Travel and country descriptions of the older and more recent times [...] Twenty-first delivery [...] printed and published by JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung 1841.)
• Istria and Dalmatia. Letters and memories from Heinrich Stieglitz. Publishing house of JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1845.
• The literary education of youth from the Italian of Dr. Paride Zajotti with an outline of his life and excerpts from the author's earlier writings by Heinrich Stieglitz. Commissioned by HF Favarger, Trieste 1845.
• The Sibyl in Cervaro. From Heinrich Stieglitz. Rome, spring 1847. For the benefit of the Cervaro Fund. Commissioned by Hermann Fr. Münster, 1847.
• Memories of Rome and the Papal States in the first year of its rejuvenation. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1848.
• Germany, Austria, Italy. A shout to the German parliament. In addition to an appendix. [...] Zecchini's printing press, Venice May 1848.
• Letters from Heinrich Stieglitz to his bride Charlotte, a selection from the poet's estate, edited by Louis Curtze. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1859.
• Memories of Charlotte. From Heinrich Stieglitz. Selected from diary sheets and other manuscripts of the deceased and edited by Louis Curtze. NG Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Marburg 1863.
• Brief exchange of letters between Friedrich Jacobs and Heinrich Stieglitz. Published by Ludwig Curtze. Dyk'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1863.
• Heinrich Goldfinch. An autobiography. Completed and edited with annotations by L. Curtze. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1865. ( Online )

Post Comment

The biography contradicts almost everything that has been written about Heinrich Stieglitz since 1835. It is based on a four-year source study, the results of which were published in 2018 and 2019 under the title Heinrich Stieglitz, a monument (2 vols.). One of the first, closely related publications was the book: Incidental to the Perception of China in Biedermeier Literature . (See section "Literature".)

Sources (selection, chronological)

• Acta regarding the Custos Dr. Goldfinch. 1824-1835. Berlin State Library, Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. Sign. Acta I 7d.
• Baptism, marriage and burial registers of the Schönefeld parish 1828–1846. Regional Church Office Dresden, reading point. Film signature 20 K03 2015 0001936.
• Yearbooks for Philology and Education . Vol. 4 (Leipzig 1829) a. Vol. 5 (ibid. 1830).
• New yearbooks for philology and education . Volume 1 (Leipzig 1831) a. Vol. 4 (ibid. 1836).
• Anonymous: Charlotte Stieglitz, a memorial. Veit and Comp., Berlin undated (1835).
• Tommaseo, N. (iccolò): Venezia negli anni 1848 e 1849. Memorie storiche inedite con aggiunta di documenti inediti e prefazione e note di Paolo Prunas . Vol. I. Florence 1931.
• The autobiographical writings by Heinrich Stieglitz mentioned above under “Works”.

literature

• Friedrich Kummer :  Stieglitz, Heinrich Wilhelm August . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 177-180.
• Klaus Doderer: Heinrich Stieglitz. In: Journal for German Philology. 74. Vol., 1955. pp. 185-190.
• Bernd-Ingo Friedrich : Heinrich Stieglitz as an ethnologist. In: Marginalia. Journal of book art and bibliophilia. Issue 219 (3/2015), ISSN 0025-2948, pp. 49-55.
• Bernd-Ingo Friedrich : Manifold and Original. (Heinrich Stieglitz as a copywriter.) In: Das Lindenblatt. Annual publication for beautiful literature. Love. Arnshaugk, Neustadt an der Orla. Sixth edition 2016, ISBN 3-944064-58-5 , pp. 261-271.
• Bernd-Ingo Friedrich : Incidental to the perception of China in the literature of the Biedermeier period. Ostasien Verlag, Gossenberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-946114-35-2 . ( Yellow Earth series , 12.)
• Bernd-Ingo Friedrich : Heinrich Stieglitz, a monument. First part: biography and digressions . Arnshaugk Verlag, Neustadt an der Orla 2018, ISBN 3-944064-88-7 .
• Bernd-Ingo Friedrich : Heinrich Stieglitz, a monument. Second part: appendices, echoes and registers . Arnshaugk Verlag, Neustadt ad Orla 2019. ISBN 3-944064-89-5 .
• Ludwig Geiger : Heinrich and Charlotte Stieglitz. In. LG: poets and women. Lectures and papers. Berlin 1896.
• Karl Gutzkow : Cypressen for Charlotte Stieglitz. (1835). In: Berlin - Panorama of a cosmopolitan city IV .:  From literary Berlin.
• Petra Hartmann : The Rosskur of Charlotte Stieglitz. In: PH: Between the barricade, the Burgtheater and the official pension. Bielefeld 2009, pp. 9–47.
• Susanne Ledanff (Ed.): Charlotte Stieglitz. History of a monument. Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1986.
• Werner Leibbrand : The suicide of Charlotte Stieglitz. In: Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 50, 1934.
• Wolfgang Promies : The absurd death, or how to make a poet. On the 150th anniversary of Charlotte Stieglitz's death. In: Accents. Journal of Literature . Edited by Michael Kruger. Volume 32, 1985.
• Lynne Tatlock: Grim Wives 'Tales: Mundt's Stieglitz, Stieglitz' Goethe. In: Monthly books for German teaching, German language and literature, Vol. 82, No. 4, 1990, pp. 467–486.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume II: Artists. Winter, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8253-6813-5 , pp. 663–665.
2. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin tombs . Haude & Spener, Berlin 2006. p. 49.

Web links

• Literature by and about Heinrich Wilhelm Stieglitz in the catalog of the German National Library
• Lyrics based on poems by H. Stieglitz