Hellbrunner Allee
The Hellbrunn Alley in the Austrian city of Salzburg was commissioned in 1615 by Prince Archbishop Markus Sittikus von Hohenems created. Today it is the oldest preserved manorial avenue in Central Europe and probably the oldest of its kind in the world. The 2.8 km long, straight avenue, which is closed to motorized traffic, leads from the east portal of Hellbrunn Palace in the imaginary axis from the moated Anif castle to the moated castle Freisaal in the Nonntal district . There are several stately mansions on the street. Its northern extension towards the old town leads as a footpath and bike path past Schloss Freisaal through the protected landscape area Freisaal. The avenue has been a natural monument since 1933 and a protected part of the landscape of the city of Salzburg since 1986 . Hellbrunner Allee forms the centerpiece of the Hellbrunn landscape garden that surrounds the Hellbrunn Palace Park .
Word origin
The word "Allee" was used in German in the Rhine area as early as the 16th century, and the word was widely used since the beginning of the 17th century. In the course of the spread of French horticulture outside of France, it was taken over from the French word “allée” = lined or tree-shaded walkway in the architectural garden (aka the walk, the walk; from “all” = to walk). This itself is generally traced back to the Latin “ambulare” (= (unconstrained) to go around, to walk). The expansion of the large aristocratic palace gardens into the landscape including the creation of landscape gardens through axial, tree-lined paths at that time led to the general meaning of the word "avenue" today.
The more detailed designation "Hellbrunner" refers to the fact that the avenue is part of the expanded Hellbrunn palace gardens. At the same time, the name (historically Hellbrunner Fürstenweg) refers to the location of the avenue that begins in Freisaal and thus next to Salzburg's old town and leads to the Hellbrunn landscape .
History of architecture and art
Hellbrunner Allee was laid out from 1613 to 1615 in the course of the construction of the Hellbrunn Palace and the associated spacious gardens, commissioned by Prince Archbishop Markus Sittikus and carried out in the spirit of the late Renaissance . Three parts belong or belonged to this palace garden : the geometric pleasure garden, the large hunting garden and the near-natural sacred garden in the south. The Hellbrunn Landscape Garden is or is connected to these walled gardens with three axes:
- the castle axis (with the Fürstenweg, the oldest avenue of lime trees in Central Europe)
- the garden axis (axis over the Salzach to Goldenstein Castle )
- Hellbrunner Allee on the axis to Freisaal Castle
This avenue was a representative access road with extensive landscaped gardens on both sides of the princely, tree-lined path. Hellbrunn has the best preserved Renaissance water features based on the Italian model. The green space on both sides of the avenue with the Hellbrunnerbach in the west and the (now dry) Eschenbach in the east is by far the best preserved Renaissance landscape garden in Europe.
A number of mansions are located on Hellbrunner Allee and its landscaped garden:
- Castle Emslieb (Hellbrunn Alley no. 65), also Villa Strongfort called
- Castle Emsburg (Hellbrunn Alley no. 52), also Kreuzhof , Ritterhof or Lambergschloss called
- Frohburg (light Allee 53), and lock Kuenburg or Grafenauerhof called
- Kayserburg (Hellbrunner Allee 48)
In the immediate vicinity of the old avenue are also
- the Lasserhof (Morzgerstr. 31) with Meierhof (Hellbrunner Allee 50)
- the Herrnau Castle , also Christanihof (after the previous holders Barons Christani di Rallo called)
- the Freisaal Castle , an old country residence of the archbishops at the northern beginning of the avenue (today separated from it)
- (As a Wilhelminian style villa, the Maria-Theresien-Schlössl is also next to the avenue)
The history of these gentlemen's castles, which in turn include the surrounding area through side avenues extending into the landscape, is often linked to the builder of the avenue Markus Sittikus or the prince archbishops.
Hellbrunner Allee is intended as a representative connection between Hellbrunn Palace and the city of Salzburg or the nearby Freisaal Palace; it formed an axis together with the now barely existing continuation in a southerly direction to the moated castle Anif . Despite the intention to create an impression and to show power, the avenue does not lead into the immediate area of the castle. The castle can only be reached via a bend, which supports the surprise effect conceived in the spirit of mannerism when entering the forecourt. The end of the avenue and the walled castle area are now separated from each other by a visitor parking lot, which is a nuisance at this location. (A redesign would be technically possible without any problems.)
The existence of Hellbrunner Allee is also remarkable in terms of art history:
"In addition to the old town, Hellbrunner Allee with its largely still intact stock of mighty old trees, lined up with the unique chain of palaces and palaces, is absolutely the most valuable thing that Salzburg possesses."
nature
Black poplars , common oaks and red beeches were planted in the Hellbrunner Allee . Even today, the path consists of numerous, centuries-old oaks and also represents the largest and most valuable old wood stock in the state of Salzburg.
The avenue is particularly important for bats , high-breeding birds and wood-dwelling beetles . A large number of the beetle species identified here are endangered throughout Central Europe today. Appropriate measures are required by nature conservation to preserve them.
Hellbrunner Allee, together with the Fürstenweg, which is also an aristocratic axis, from Hellbrunn Palace to the east in the direction of the Salzach forms an area of 9.9 hectares. Due to its nature conservation and historical importance, this area was declared a protected landscape part of the city of Salzburg in 1986 , at the same time the old natural monument "Hellbrunnerallee", which existed since 1933, was canceled.
literature
- Reinhard Medicus: Hellbrunner Allee and its surroundings - the history of the avenue and its significance . In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg . Volume 146, Salzburg 2006, p. 405 ff.
- Hans Sedlmayr: City without a landscape. Salzburg's fate tomorrow, Müller Verlag, Salzburg, 1970
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Measurement on the Geographical Information System of the State of Salzburg ( SAGIS ( Memento of the original from February 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).
- ^ Etymological dictionary of German , compiled under the direction of Wolfgang Pfeifer, 7th edition, dtv, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-423-32511-9 .
- ↑ See Christian Holzer, Karin Wimmeder: Hellbrunn. Places and sources of inspiration. Edition Tandem, Salzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-902606-64-8 , p. 49.
- ^ City of Salzburg: Protected landscape parts - Hellbrunner Allee , accessed on February 19, 2014.
