Hellbrunn

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The Salzburg Hellbrunn landscape

Hellbrunn is a landscape in the south of the Austrian city of Salzburg , bounded in the north by the Fürstenweg, in the west by the wall of Hellbrunn Palace, in the east by the Salzach and in the south by the easternmost branch of the Anifer settlement splinter Mühlei . The settlement to the west of the zoo in front of the wall also belongs to the municipality of Anif.

The Hellbrunn landscape area in Salzburg is divided into two parts: the Hellbrunn Palace Park and the Hellbrunn Au to the east . Only half a dozen single-family houses can be found in this landscape , all along the Fürstenweg . The Anifer part, the localities Anif-Hellbrunn , Am Hellbrunner Park , as well as Hellbrunner Straße (to Anif) and Keltenallee (to Gneiss Süd / Eichet ), comprises around 25 addresses.

Hellbrunn Palace Park

Within the landscape is Hellbrunn Palace and its large palace park, in which the geometrically designed water parterre with the famous water features is located in the far north . South of it closes Hellbrunner Berg with the Monatsschlössl and the stone theater. As a counterpoint to the geometrically laid out Mannerist garden, the once religiously motivated wilderness garden is located in the far south. The Salzburg Zoo is part of the historic palace garden .

The oldest archaeological sites in this area are located at the foot of the Hellbrunn mountain and are among the most important sites in the state of Salzburg.

  • Hellbrunn Palace

  • The monthly castle

  • The stone theater

Anif-Hellbrunn

Landscape area Anif-Hellbrunn with Hellbrunner Berg

The most important building in front of the castle walls is the Villa Swoboda , originally the Mayerhof of the castle, today Casa Austria , residence of Karl Habsburg-Lothringen .
The rest of the houses were built over the years in front of the zoo's main entrance down to Anifer Thörl .

Hellbrunn Au

Franz Anton Danreiter : “The Helbrun Garden Prospect” (around 1735) - with the garden axis towards Goldenstein Castle

The Hellbrunner Au forms the landscape between the eastern castle wall and the Salzach. Two historical axes of Hellbrunn Palace, laid out under Markus Sittikus von Hohenems , are significant:

  • the lime tree avenue in the castle axis, which today crosses the alpine road (a multi-lane arterial road from Salzburg to the south) and leads to the Salzach in the alluvial forest as a so-called "cut through" It forms the eastern part of the Fürstenweg.
  • the large garden axis over the Salzach to in Elsbethen situated Castle Goldstein leads up. This axis, which is visible (or should be visible) as a forest aisle, also crosses the Alpine road.

The old cultural and natural area is due to the planned expansion of the local industrial splinter of the Maco and Porsche companies, which arose from a small military barracks from the Nazi era, and the legally problematic partial cancellation of the "Salzburg-Süd" landscape protection area (formerly " Landscape protection area Hellbrunn ") endangered. The unique natural landscape garden of Hellbrunn is increasingly giving way to an industrial area. The adjacent area of ​​the Anifer Alterbach is also affected by the planned commercial area .

"Princely seat" Hellbrunn

Traces of settlement were found on a 70 m high Inselberg in the Hellbrunn Palace Park, dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. Go back BC. In the Hallstatt period , namely in the HaD period (650 to 450 BC), the seat of a prince was likely to have been here. In a rubbish dump at the foot of a rock face, numerous devices and decorative objects made of bronze, iron, bone and glass were found. Fragments of more than 1,600 artefacts have been discovered on clay vessels alone, a large number of which are drinking vessels. On the basis of the found objects, a close relationship to the south-west of Germany - for example to the Heuneburg -, to the Carniola and to the Este culture of the Po Valley could be established. A valley settlement assigned to the princely seat has so far only been localized through litter finds, a burial site that is probably there has not yet been discovered. Due to its convenient location, the prince's seat was probably a transshipment point for the salt from the nearby Dürrnberg and for the supply of the mining area. At the beginning of the Latène period , the settlement of the Hellbrunnerberg broke off and the economic center shifted to the Dürrnberg itself. Instead, a small valley settlement was built on the west side of the mountain, which over the course of time expanded so much that it extends into the area of ​​today's Anif was enough. Two body graves in the valley settlement date from the Middle La Tène period, one of which is a woman's grave from 250 BC. With rich grave goods. In the 1st century AD a Roman manor ( villa rustica ) was built in the settlement area .

literature

  • Christian Holzer, Karin Wimmeder: Hellbrunn. Places and sources of inspiration. Edition Tandem, Salzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-902606-64-8 .

Web links

Commons : Hellbrunn  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Moosleitner: New finds from the Latène period from Hellbrunn near Salzburg. In: Salzburg Archive. 27, 2001, p. 31 f.
  2. ^ Susanne Sievers , Otto Helmut Urban , Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. (= Communications of the Prehistoric Commission. Volume 73). Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 1640.
  3. ↑ Thomas Stöllner : The Hallstatt period and the beginning of the Latène period in the Inn-Salzach area. (= Archeology in Salzburg. 3.1). Office of the Salzburg State Government (State Archeology), 2002, ISBN 3-901014-37-3 .