Parsch (Salzburg)
Parsch is a district of the city of Salzburg . It is located at the foot of the Gaisberg in the east of the city. The Neuhauserstraße forms the border to Gnigl , the Kapuzinerberg that to the northwest. The Nesselthalergasse south of the Rennbahnsiedlung and the green space around the old farm Jägergut as well as the Villa Fischbach form the border to the south of Aigen to the west of the railway line, to the east of the same the Preuschenpark (around the Abfalterhof) and the Maria-Cebotari-Straße form the border to the Aigen district - Abfalter. Almost 10,000 people now live in the Parsch district, which is 194.8 hectares in size.
history
In 1122 the name Parsch appears for the first time as "Porras" and "Porss". The meaning of the name is still controversial today: Perhaps it comes from the Latin “pars” = part, perhaps from the “parzigen” (stunted, chipped) bushes of the former wooded border on the Gersbach. An origin from the Celtic cannot be ruled out.
For the first time, a Bronze Age settlement with a bronze foundry appears here on the alluvial fan of the Gersbach or at the foot of the Gaisberg . Finds of settlements from the Gersberg and Parsch are also known from the La Tène period . The name Parsch is of Romanesque or pre-Romanesque ( Celtic ) origin.
The original settlement core of today's Parsch was on the one hand in the area of today's Eder intersection and in the area around today's Schmedererplatz next to the Gersbach and the Apothekerhof. While the next area around Schmedererplatz was built up more densely early on, individual farms and farms were scattered around the area : the Fondachhof (Fondohof), the Hefftergut (today agricultural education center), and the Luegergut, as well as the Esterergut and the Abfaltergut to the south and the to the north Wolfsgartengut. The Flederbachschlössl should also be mentioned here.
Already in the first half of the 20th century the old Wolfsgartenfeld (located at the Wolfgartengutshaus) was increasingly being built on. The Weichselbaumsiedlung was built around 1940. Otherwise, building land was not used south of Gaisbergstrasse until after the Second World War.
Before 1811, the Parsch area up to the lower Gersberg belonged to the city charter of the city of Salzburg for a long time. Then, however, the area of today's Parsch district came into being in the course of a redefinition of the municipal boundaries to the place Aigen near Salzburg. The northern part of Parsch came back to the municipality in 1935, the southern part was incorporated into the municipality in 1939.
The Kreuzberg in Parsch Directly above the historic town center, at the beginning of the Kreuzberg promenade, the Kreuzberg is located as an extension of the Gaisberg. Surrounded by forest on all sides, a small chapel has stood on the highest elevation of this mountain for centuries. Long before 1696, when Baron von Rehlingen acquired the Apothekerhof, tradition says there was a wooden cross with a wayside shrine of the Sorrowful Madonna and an offering box, which has quickly developed into a small pilgrimage destination and, according to tradition, there were even miraculous healings here. The first chapel is said to have been built here soon after the pilgrimages began.
Today's forest chapel is a small, brick, late Gothic chapel with a deep niche and a baroque wrought iron grille, behind which the figure of the painful Madonna (from the 18th century) stands. On the chapel is a high cross with a crucifix from the 19th century.
The Parsch Church
The church was built between 1954 and 1956 through a very successful renovation or extension of the Weichselbaumhöft, an old farm. The estate was built there after 1866 and was owned by the Archabbey of St. Peter . The young church in Geißmayrstraße, which was initially quite controversial, was planned by “Working Group 4”, a working group of architects Wilhelm Holzbauer , Friedrich Kurrent and Johannes Spalt - although the use of the previous building can still be recognized from the architecture. Today it is considered the first modern church in post-war Austria. Richard Kurt Fischer designed the church portal based on designs by Oskar Kokoschka . The interior is dominated by a beautiful marble altar.
Parsch and its parts
The core of the settlement at the foot of the Gersberg
The old settlement core of Parsch in the immediate area of today's Ludwig-Schmederer-Platz is hardly preserved today as an ensemble. Here were written around 1830:
- Poschingergütl (today Gaisbergstr. 65)
- Mödlhamerhaus (today Gasthof zum Hirschen)
- Läuzengütl (today Kreuzbergpromenade 1)
- Jägergütl (Gaisbergstr. 73, its core is partially preserved)
- Ringelschmiede (today at the corner of Kühbergstraße-Gersbergweg)
- Schneider or Rossschneidermühle (today Judenbergweg 1)
- Wendlingermühle (Mühle am Kreit) (Judenbergweg 15, its core has been preserved).
The following are noteworthy preserved buildings:
- Fondachhof
The Fondachhof (actually Von-Tach-Hof, also Kögel, Fondohof, Meierhof, Drumerhof or Apothekerhof) can be traced back to 1122. At that time it was owned by the St. Peter's Hospital. A long line of mostly aristocratic owners have been known since the 15th century. In 1687 Johann Georg von Tach acquired the farm, which still bears the name of the farm to this day. After the court pharmacist Mayer had acquired the farm in 1727, the court pharmacist Karl Petter sold the Fondachhof to Countess Anna Revertera-Salandra, who, like her heiress Mathilde von Revertera, carried out some renovations. It was built in 1792 in the existing structure and found its present form in the 1949 renovation. The family coat of arms of those of Revertera-Salandra is located above the balcony of the castle . In the park of the palace there is a marble fountain that Franz de Paula Hinzl created in 1772/73 and which shows a central vase with animal grimaces over two round basins. The back wall of the fountain is decorated with a group of putti.
- Apothekerhof
The historic residential building, the structure of which dates back to 1635, was completely rebuilt in 1989. The marble portal with its straight lintel shows the inscription “1635 Apothekerhof 1978” and above it a helmeted coat of arms with diamonds. Historically, the Apothekerhof formed a unit with the adjoining Fondachhof.
- Albert Birkle House
The house Albert Birkle (Gersbergweg 32) was based on plans by Otto Prossinger built 1,933th
- Villa Schmederer
The late historical building of the Villa Schmederer (Gaisbergstrasse 50-52) with its neo-renaissance facade and the associated facade tower was built in 1887 next to the Apothekerhof. The large villa also has its own gardener's house, a greenhouse and a handsome chapel. The client was the Munich brewery owner Ludwig Schmederer , who later became president of the Salzburg Art Association, the planner was the well-known architect Josef Wessicken , and the construction was carried out by Valentin Ceconi . In 1935 Minka Schmederer inherited the villa and later her sister, the well-known dance teacher Friderica Derra de Moroda . Today the villa is owned by the German billionaires Helga and Erich Kellerhals .
The Wolfsgartenfeld
This settlement area is 37 hectares and has 1,500 inhabitants. The former Fuchshof with its large garden, which also stretched up to the Kühberg, was probably called Wolfsgartnergut (also Wolfsgartengut or Wolfsgartenschlössl) after a previous owner. From the surroundings of this little castle, the oldest building plot along the old Wolfsgartenweg developed into today's Schmedererplatz in the interwar period. Most of the building work here took place between 1960 and 1980.
Inner Parsch (between Gersbach and Kapuzinerberg)
This area belonged to the city of Salzburg long before 1811. It gradually developed around the old hamlet of Münchhausen and as the development increased, it was increasingly included in the Outer Stone . Today, however, the historical old town area is very different in its character of the outer stone from the adjoining modern settlement area. Therefore, the previous affiliation is no longer conclusive today, which means that it now belongs to the Parsch district.
The following are notable historical individual buildings:
- Weiherhof
The Weiherhof is now a rather inconspicuous residential building (Fürbergstrasse 40). It was once protected in a very good location on the old road on the southern edge of the Kapuzinerberg next to a pond that gave it its name. The cartouche of Prince Archbishop Franz Anton von Harrach's coat of arms on the west facade reminds us of its history as a hostel with an attached stable building .
- Borromeo
A diocesan boys' seminary had existed in Salzburg since 1840, but it was not until 1848 that it was called Borromäum . The original location in the Berchtesgadener Hof quickly turned out to be too small for school training and the preparation of future priest candidates. Archbishop Cardinal Schwarzenberg therefore acquired the Lodronschen Primogenitur Palace in Dreifaltigkeitsgasse in 1846. The Archbishop of Milan, Carlo Borromeo , offered himself as patron of the new church . Around 1900 about 200 boys went to school here. In 1905 the opportunity arose to buy land from the Herzoglich Arenbergische Domainverwaltung and to plan a new building at today's location. Matthäus Schlager drew the plans for the new school together with Auxiliary Bishop Balthasar Kaltner . Archbishop Cardinal Katschthaler consecrated the school and church in 1912. The private high school survived difficult times during the first and even more so during the Second World War. Now that's EB. Private high school Borromäum a catholic private school with attached day care. The archdiocese of Salzburg maintains the school. The school's mission statement is the basis of educational work. In the manageable community, the focus is on the young person, whereby the collaboration between parents, teachers and students creates a decidedly familiar atmosphere. Since 2003, the Education Center Borromäum (BZB) has been home to the private high school and semi-boarding school as well as two institutes of the Ecclesiastical Pedagogical University - Edith Stein and the Catechetical Office, two departments of the Pastoral Office, the Appointment Pastoral Unit and the AV Media Office of the Archdiocese of Salzburg.
- Former fig coffee factory Zeller
Gaisbergstrasse 6; later fig coffee Andre Hofer , later also united fig factories Ludwig Zeller and Co : In the place of the former corner bakery mill , a well-known factory was housed here. After the Second World War, the building temporarily belonged to the Borromäum. In 1977 the factory building was expanded according to plans by Wilhelm Holzbauer and has belonged to the Salzburg Residenzverlag since 1978.
Parsch-Süd
The Weichselbaumsiedlung
In the immediate vicinity of the old Weichselbaumhof, today's Weichselbaumsiedlung was built during the war years of the Second World War. Alongside the Aiglhofsiedlung, it is the largest settlement project of this time. Characteristic are the comparatively larger gardens, which should contribute to better self-sufficiency with fruit and vegetables. After the Second World War, the church was built as the new center in the new settlement.
The racetrack settlement
The area of the former trotting track next to the Salzach was built in 1963 and 1964 in similar and characteristic apartment blocks. The first racecourse was built in Froschheim next to today's Lehener Brücke, a place that was often flooded and turned out to be unsuitable. In 1902 the racecourse moved to Aigen, where the grounds there had been leased by Baron Mayr-Melnhof . There, harness racing experienced its most active and successful years between 1950 and 1960.
Most recently, however, the trotting track was already surrounded by residential buildings and the housing shortage urgently required new residential buildings. The Aigner Rennbahn became a residential area between 1963 and 1964. Only the name of the settlement and its peculiar shape are reminiscent of the old trotting track. The trotting sport moved to the next location in Liefering-Nord in 1965, which is now used by the Red Bull academy for youngsters.
Remarkable individual buildings in Parsch-Süd
- Flederbach Castle
The Flederbachschlössl is a late Gothic residence and was first mentioned in 1360. In 1407 it belonged to the Salzburg citizen Kaspar Lawbinger. The existing structure dates from 1550. Today there are four hexagonal towers on the upper corners of the building. 1611–1652 the farm belongs to the Salzburg mayor Michael Paumann. In 1912 it became the property of the Lothringen-Habsburg family.
- Vogelsang or Luegermayr Schlössl
The core of the Luegermayer-Schlössl dates from the 16th to 17th centuries. The courtyard was named after a bird pasture documented as early as 1570, which was once located between Kapuzinerberg and Gaisberg. The castle was always owned by the archbishops, who also provided this garden with water features. Of particular note is the Daubrawa von Daubraweik family, who were friends with the Leopold Mozart family and who were probably guests in this little castle.
- Villas
- The Villa Pittner (Kaltnergasse 1) was built in 1933/34 based on a design by August Schachermayr.
- The Villa Reif (Nesselthaler Gasse 17) 1934-36 to a design by Martin Knoll built
traffic
The former Parsch train station was once an important traffic junction. In addition to the main line to the south, the Gaisbergbahn trains started from here between 1887 and 1928 , and the station was the terminus of a Salzburg tram line between 1901 and 1953 . The small station sank into insignificance when they were closed. As part of the S-Bahn Salzburg project , the old Parsch station was replaced by a modern S-Bahn station in a more convenient location. The trains of the S3 line stop there every half hour and reach Salzburg Central Station in about 8 minutes. The Parsch district can also be reached with the city bus line 6.
Parsch today
Today Parsch is a district whose image is shaped by residential houses, especially small one and two-family houses with their gardens. There are only a few commercial spaces. The regional financial directorate for the city and state of Salzburg is also located in this district.
The Volksgarten is located on the border with the old settlement area of Outer Stein , between Ignaz-Rieder-Kai and Bürglsteinstraße. This was originally called Brodhäuslau and was renamed Franz-Josef-Park in 1908 in honor of Emperor Franz-Josef . Later the name Volksgarten caught on. In the Volksgarten there is the popular Volksgartenbad and the Salzburg Ice Arena , home of the Bundesliga ice hockey team Red Bull Salzburg .
literature
- Helene Karrer: 200 years of villa construction in Aigen. With Abfalter, Parsch and Glas. Salzburg: Verein Aigen-Initiative, 1995. (Zugl .: Univ. Salzburg, Dipl.-Arb., 1990 udT: The development of villa architecture in Aigen.)
Web links
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Districts: Aigen | ( Old Town (left) | Old Town (right) | Elisabeth-Vorstadt | Gneiss | Gneiss South | Gnigl | Itzling | Schlachthofsiedlung | Kasern | Langwied | Lehen | Leopoldskron-Moos | Liefering | Maxglan | Kendlersiedlung | Morzg | Mülln | Neustadt | Nonntal | Parsch | Riedenburg | Salzburg-Süd | Schallmoos | Taxham . Landscapes: Hellbrunn | Gaisberg | Heuberg