Gneiss (Salzburg)

The Salzburg district of Gneiss

Gneiss is a district of the city of Salzburg , which is located in the south of the city between the landscape areas of Morzg and Leopoldskroner Moos . It is 169.81 hectares in size. To the north is the (Outer) Nonntal district . The central street axis of this settlement area is Berchtesgadner Straße. In the north, the settlement area begins with the building land core at the edge of the cemetery terrace on both sides of Thumeggerstrasse, where the Nonntal district borders below the edge of the terrace. In the south, the Gneiss district ends directly on Sternhofweg.

The central part of Gneiss-Moos, the northern part of which borders on the Leopoldskronweihersiedlung, extends far to the west into the Leopoldskroner Moos landscape protection area and borders on Nissenstraße directly on the village district along Moosstraße. West of Gneiss lies the moorland of Leopoldskroner Moos. In the east of the district is the large municipal cemetery, on which a few meadows and fields to the south separate the central Gneiss church settlement from the center of Morzg. Over 5,000 people live in gneiss.

history

The name gneiss is probably derived from the Latin canales, i.e. from canals or, more precisely, from drainage ditches that may have been on the edge of the great Leopoldskron moss .

For centuries, gneiss was understood to mean those few farms that were on the hardly significant road connection to Berchtesgaden (i.e. along today's Berchtesgadenerstraße) outside of Kleingmain near Morzg (the smaller and general pastures for the citizens of the city). These included the Groß-Pechbrocker-Gut and the closest shopping goods, the Pfeifergut and the Klein-Pechbrocker-Gut, the Kirschnergut and the Goldscheidergut.

The Gneiss churches

Parish Church Salzburg-Gneis : The young Catholic Gneiss Church of St. Johannes Capistran was designed by the gneiss architect Erich Gerlich, built from 1964 to 1966 and opened on October 22, 1967 by Archbishop Andreas Rohracher in honor of St. John of Capistrano, one of the most important Franciscan itinerant preachers of the 15th century, inaugurated. The place of activity of this saint in the old Austrian Baschka also points to many gneissers who were expelled from this area. The simple rectangular building is provided with a gable roof and has a bell tower attached to the side. The crucifix above the altar dates from the 17th century. A parish center and a kindergarten are attached to the church.

Not far from there is the Protestant Church of the Resurrection, which was designed by architect Günther Marschall and inaugurated in 1999 together with the adjoining Katharina von Bora student residence . It is intended for the new parish district Salzburg-Süd. The floor plan tries to reproduce the orthogonal system of earlier cities in Asia Minor, the student dormitories and the rooms for community work are arranged around the church. From crawling services to senior work, the church offers all age groups the opportunity to meet. The swinging wing wall in front of the entrance invites you to visit the church. The structure of the glass church tower indicates the holy number 7. The church ceiling is swinging away from the side walls. The glass windows, designed by Rudolf Hradil and Krista Pliem, point to both the cross and the tree of life. Their colors trace the way into the light.

The place of execution in gneiss with the executioner's house

Particularly noteworthy in this landscape is the former execution site with the executioner's house (Freymann's dwelling, Freimann = executioner), which existed here between 1599 and around 1818 (last execution 1817), since Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, the enlightened prince, had the medieval execution site with those rotting on the gallows Abandoned bodies on the busy Linzerstrasse. He built the new place of execution away from Berchtesgadenerstraße and far outside of the city and the town charter on " Totenweg " (today Neukommgasse - Nissenstraße -Moosbruckerweg), which consists of a raised gallows, a poor sinner's cross for the last prayer of the condemned and the Köpfstätte, also standing on a raised podium, existed. This place of execution also included the poor sinners cemetery, which was located not far from today's Salzburg municipal cemetery (also on Neukommgasse), where there is now a funeral home. The former home of the executioner on the old place of execution has been preserved on Neukommgasse, it is the old manor of the Martin farmer, and thus the real "hangman's house". This house, together with the surrounding green space, is one of the city's monuments that are particularly worth preserving. This building is currently empty and is in danger of deteriorating. The former Galgenwirt, now called Gasthaus zur Hölle , is a reminder of the old place of execution. The original Galgenwirt was located east of the obelisk in Kern Park in front of the municipal cemetery and had to move when the municipal cemetery was built.

Gneiss and its parts

Gneiss church settlement

The church settlement Gneis did not emerge until after 1960. The oldest core of the settlement, however, was the strip of building land west of Santnergasse, which had already been built between 1928 and 1935. With the exception of two houses from the interwar period, Gneisfeldstrasse was largely built on in the course of the refugee settlement before 1960. Almost at the same time, the group of houses at the southern end of Dr.-Adolf-Altmann-Strasse around the old Sakenbauerngut and the rows of houses on Sackengutstrasse were created.

Notable buildings

The Oberdossengut (Dossenweg 59), converted into a residential house in 2006, was a very typical Salzburg farmhouse for a long time. The door and window walls are partly made of marble, the purlins of the crooked roof are partly designed as animal heads.
The Sakenbauerngut (Berchtesgadnerstrasse 28) was built around 1700.
The Kleinpechbrockergut was built before 1668.
The Offingerbauerngut is also a very old farm.

Gneiss moss

The part of the settlement of Gneis-Moos lies to the east of the Almkanales not far from the Berchtesgadener Straße and essentially dates from the time of Austrofascism, as well as with the same motifs under which the Kendler settlement and the Sam settlement were created. The small, newly created part of the settlement along the newly built Höglwörthweg was then named after Odo Neustädter-Stürmer (born November 3, 1885, Laibach; † March 19, 1938, suicide, Hinterbrühl / Lower Austria), the 1933–34 State Secretary for Employment, 1934–35 Minister of Social Affairs and Minister of the Interior from 1936-37 and who had exerted significant influence on the Christian-social policy of homeland security, Neustädter-Stürmer-Siedlung . Apart from this settlement core, not far from it on the former Totenweg (now called Nissenstraße there) a few peat cutter huts were converted into poor residential buildings. After 1938, the settlement was first called Höglwörthsiedlung, until the local term gneiss moss became established.

After the Second World War , these settlement cores were expanded to the size of the settlement today, where only largely "worthless" litter meadows (in the cadastre in some cases still listed as "swamp") and no greasy meadows were lost. Two church housing cooperatives were significantly involved: the Catholic settlement society Neue Heimat and the Protestant cooperative Neusiedler . The Heinrich-Meder-Weg on the Almkanal south of the Sternhofweg is a reminder of the name of the Protestant pastor and co-founder of this Neusiedler cooperative.

Many war refugees, especially Transylvanian Saxons and other “ethnic Germans” found a new home here. Construction began on this refugee settlement in 1950.

The many terraced houses on both sides on Berchtesgadenerstraße (No. 58-62 and 65-77) and on Goldschneiderhofweg (No. 30-42) also date from this period.

Thumegg

Thumegg developed as a district in the course of increasing settlement in the Nonntal area , more precisely the Outer Nonntal, to which this settlement area adjoins. This settlement activity began much after the First World War . Until 1935, today's main axis of the settlement, Thumegger Straße, formed the city boundary to the Morzg municipality. In the past, the entire settlement area east of Fürstenallee and east of the outer Nonntaler Hauptstraße was added to the Thumegger district.

The name Thumegg is based on a rural manor house that was mentioned as early as 1373 and was then called Gütl am Thumegkh . In 1650 this estate was called Tumegg bei Vogltenn . (At that time, bird racing was a popular pastime of the aristocracy and was used to catch birds). The name Hanns Thumegker also appears at that time. The ancient manor house burned down in 1896.

In Dossergut in Thumegg once lived the Dosser as traders called themselves of salt, carrying the salt on wooden "Krachsen" (supporting frames) on the back and walked around to sell salt from house to house.

The communal cemetery

The communal cemetery, which was built in 1879 on the edge of Morzg , also belongs to gneiss .

Gneiss today

Today's settlement area of Gneiss dates largely from the 20th century and is predominantly characterized by one and two-family houses. Above all, many refugees after the Second World War, including many Transylvanians , settled here.