Hellbrunn landscape garden

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The Hellbrunn Landscape Garden is a garden-like landscape that surrounds the Hellbrunn Palace Park in the south of the city ​​of Salzburg and in the municipality of Anif . The nature of the Hellbrunn Palace Gardens does not end at the wall surrounding the garden. It also includes the surrounding landscape, which Santino Solari helped design with various avenues (avenue = shady garden path) and castles.

The landscaped garden

The extended Hellbrunn landscape garden reached almost as far as the horizon in accordance with the mannerist garden concept of Hellbrunn ; outside the castle wall it is mainly of two main axes, i.e. H. Long tree-lined prince's paths: one of them is still known today as the prince's path and stretches along the axis of the Altemsbrunnen and Hellbrunn Palace over the east portal of the palace through open meadows and through the alluvial forest to the Salzach . Outside the castle walls, it was planted with winter linden trees. The third significant avenue of Hellbrunn is the Fichtenallee Hellbrunn, which in the east of the Mannerist garden points south-east towards Goldenstein Castle . Hellbrunn's longest straight “Prince's Path”, Hellbrunner Allee, follows the axis that leads from the Prince Archbishop's Freisaal Palace to the highest elevation of the Waldemsberg (now Hellbrunner Berg ) and straight on to Anif Palace . The tree-lined path runs in an attractive landscape in the east between a multifaceted edge of alluvial forest and secluded meadow meadows, between which the once broad Eschenbach meandered, which has now largely fallen dry. To the west of the avenue is a landscape of fields and meadows traversed by the Hellbrunn stream, with the Morzger Hügel and the idyllic village of Morzg in the background. On the way south, Hellbrunn Palace was deliberately hidden in the avenue up to the east portal of the palace. Hellbrunn saw itself as a “garden of surprises” from the start. Historically, the Hellbrunn landscape garden also included the area around Freisaal Castle, as well as the space around Fürstenallee and Hellbrunnerstraße, which is largely built up today, and the landscape around Anif Castle.

Castles in the Hellbrunn landscape garden

Numerous castles dominate the landscape garden: Castle Neudegg at the Nonntaler main street and to the north of the landscape Freisaal and the old castle Freisaal to the east of it, at the light Allee the castle Kayserburg , Lasserhof (once also Metzgermayerhof today Gwandhaus), Castle Herrnau , Frohnburg Castle with Meierhof water tower and Frohnburgstadel, Emsburg Castle with the Kreuzhof dairy and Emslieb Castle also with an associated dairy. Villa Swoboda is located in the west on Keltenallee . Hellbrunn Palace with its very different gardens is to be mentioned as the central and dominant main palace of the landscape garden. Montfort Castle is in the north-west of Hellbrunn, Anif Castle in the south and Goldenstein Castle on the other side of the Salzach in the east.

Alleys as axes in the landscape garden

Als erweiterter Landschaftsgarten sind naturgemäß die Gartenwege in Form von zahlreichen früheren und zum Teil auch heute noch bestehenden Alleen wichtig:
  • The axis of the castle once led from Anif Castle to Goldenstein Castle (not preserved).
  • The Hellbrunn Alley (historically first one oak Rotbuchen- and Poplar Avenue) is the imaginary axis between the moated castles Freisaal and Anif,
  • the linden avenue Fürstenweg leads from the Ehrenhof to the alluvial forest edge and as an avenue in the forest ("breakthrough") to the Salzach,
  • the Fichtenallee Hellbrunn is located in the Hellbrunn Palace Park and faces east to Goldenstein Palace.
  • the Keltenweg (or the Keltenweg) leads to the west and points to Glanegg Castle.

Smaller avenues of the aristocratic residences were usually lined with fruit trees: The fruit tree avenue of Emslieb Castle led to the Salzach Auwald, unfortunately it has only been preserved as a row of jagged fruit trees, it is important to complete the avenue after approval by Nonnberg Monastery, which led to the fruit tree avenue from Emsburg Castle once as far as the alluvial forest edge and as a breakthrough once further to the Salzach, today it is only planted on one side along the Kreuzhofweg, the fruit tree avenue of Schloss Frohnburg once led to the alluvial forest edge and as a breakthrough to the Salzach, today it is designed as a bird cherry avenue, the fruit tree avenue of the castle Freisaal leading to the associated Meierhof is currently only planted on one side, the Freisaalallee (today Hofhaymer Allee) south of Freisaal Castle is not a historical avenue today, its surroundings are partially built up, the old driveway was expanded to the main road.

Literature and Sources

  • Dr. Reinhard Medicus: Hellbrunner Allee and its surroundings - the history of the avenue and its significance . from: Communications of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, Volume 146, pp. 405–426, Salzburg 2006
  • Dr. Reinhard Medicus: The old tree-shaded roads in Salzburg from: Bastei - for our Salzburg, episode 3/2008 p. 15–19 Salzburg City Association , 2008
  • 400 years Hellbrunner Allee, 1615–2015, From Fürstenweg to the local recreation area , series of publications by the Landesmedienzentrum, series of special publications, No. 256, 2nd edition, Aug. 2016, ISBN 978-3-85015-282-2

Coordinates: 47 ° 45 ′ 44 ″  N , 13 ° 3 ′ 39 ″  E