Herpes virus infection in pigeons
The herpes virus infection of pigeons (syn. Ingluvitis of pigeons , English Smadel’s disease ) is an infectious disease of pigeons that occurs worldwide and is caused by pigeon herpes virus 1 . The virus causes goiter and throat inflammation and is often fatal in nestlings.
Pathogen
| Pigeon herpes virus 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| CoHV-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The infection is caused by viruses of the species pigeon herpesvirus 1 ( scientifically Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 , CoHV-1) in the genus Mardivirus of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae .
A variant of the species is the falcon herpesvirus ( English Falconid herpesvirus 1 , FaHV-1).
transmission
The infection occurs mainly through virus-contaminated goiter milk . If the young animals are protected by maternal antibodies , they can develop a tolerance to the virus: They do not become ill and do not form antibodies, so that they become seronegative permanent shedders .
Clinical picture
Adult birds often do not become ill; in some, a slight sore throat with pinhead-sized gray-whitish flocks ( sialiths ) can occur. Nestlings, on the other hand, often become seriously ill. There are weak nestlings with retarded development, extensive pharyngitis, inflammation of the nose , conjunctiva and goiter as well as distended abdomen. These young animals either die or are eliminated by the breeder beforehand.
Diagnosis
Goiter and throat inflammation as well as liver and spleen enlargement with necrosis are pathological . Intranuclear inclusion bodies can be detected in the epithelia of the upper digestive tract, spleen and liver . In particular, infections caused by reoviruses , salmonella , chlamydia and trichomonas , these diseases can also occur as co-infections.
treatment
Treatment with genetically valuable animals can be attempted with acyclovir or ganciclovir . However, the main direction of control is to build up herpes virus-free stocks.
literature
- Erhard Franz Kaleta and Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns : Compendium of ornamental bird diseases: parrots - pigeons - passerine birds . 4th edition Schlütersche, 2011, ISBN 9783842683730 , pp. 265-267.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Human alphaherpesvirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34v, March 2019
- ↑ NCBI : Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Falconid herpesvirus 1 (no rank)
- ↑ FU Berlin: Occurrence of Chlamydophila psittaci, falcon herpesvirus and Paramyxovirus 1 in weakened or injured raptors and owls found , Veterinary Medicine Library, Department of Veterinary Medicine, 2002
