Reign of Ahaus

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The rule Ahaus was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire and extended over parts of the western Münsterland and the Emsland .

Coat of arms of the nobles of Ahaus

history

Bernhard I von Diepenheim came from the Diepenheim lordship in what was then the Utrecht sub-monastery and part of the county of Geldern . The origins of the sex are unknown. Bernhard received the order from Lothar von Supplingburg , Duke of Saxony and later Emperor, to build a castle in the Ahaus area . This happened in the years 1115 to 1125 with the construction of the "Haus an der Aa" roughly where the moated castle Ahaus stands today. Lifhard, a son of Bernhard I, gave himself the name "von Ahaus" in the middle of the 12th century. The castle settlement in front of the castle gradually grew into a community with legal quality (1353 own judge). Before Ahaus received town charter in 1391 and the castle settlement was granted an excise privilege in 1389 , it suffered a few blows of fate. The bishop of Münster , together with his allies, the Count of Tecklenburg and Bernhard II zur Lippe, completely destroyed the castle in 1177 after the Ahausers sided with Heinrich the Lion . Johann I, Lifhard's son, started the reconstruction straight away.

In 1316 Otto and Johann III sold von Ahaus passed the reign of Lohn , which they had inherited from their uncle Hermann II von Lohn and to which half of Bredevoort Castle belonged, to Ludwig Landgrave of Hesse , the prince-bishop of the bishopric of Münster (the other half of the castle had been in existence since 1284 owned by the bishop when Baldwin I von Steinfurt had sold his half of the castle to the prince bishopric). Bishop Ludwig could not afford the purchase price and was therefore forced to pledge Otto's Landegge and Fresenburg offices, which Otto later exchanged for the Horstmar, Emsbüren and Rheine offices. In addition, Otto received the Gogericht over Wessum and Wüllen as a fief . His brother Johann received, among other things, the wood jurisdiction and hunting rights in Liesner, an extensive forest area near (city) Lohn, for the renunciation of his share in the lordship.

Replica of the "Steenern Crüce". Original in the Westf. Landesmuseum

When selling the lordship of Lohn, the Ahauser brothers, with the approval of the bishop, disregarded the rights of the county of Geldern to the castle Bredevoort, because in 1246 and 1255 the lords of the lords gave their share of the castle to Count Otto II . This led to Bredevoorter feud with far-reaching consequences for large parts of the West Münsterland.

The founding of the parish church of St. Mary of the Assumption around 1329 goes back to the Lords of Ahaus. In a fire around the end of 1400 - the exact time is not known - the city was badly damaged. On November 13th, 1400, the rule of Ahaus was pledged to the bishopric of Münster . This was preceded by a feud between Sweder III. van Voorst-Keppel (son-in-law of Ludolph von Ahaus) and the Munster bishop . Sweder was, following the family tradition, the Count Adolf III. von der Mark , formerly Bishop of Munster, very close. So he became a Klevian bailiff in Vreden. Here was Jutta , his wife's aunt, abbess. The bond with Kleve and the associated disputes with the bishopric of Münster led to a conflict with Otto IV, which ended with Sweder's capture. He bought himself free against a pledge of the Ahaus estate. After his death, his widow Johanna von Ahaus and her husband Gottfried von Rohr sold the goods for good. The reason for the failure of the Lords of Ahaus, who belonged to the noble high nobility, is that they had only a poor economic base compared to other sexes of the same class. Within the upper nobility, they belonged to the less powerful sexes - this is also shown by the marriages cited below as examples.

Possessions

In addition to Ahaus Castle, the Lords of Ahaus also owned Ottenstein Castle - built by Otto von Ahaus and the center of the rule. They also owned Blankenborg Castle (Twente).

Memorial plaque Gogericht "Ton steenern Crüce"

For only a short time, the Free County of Laer belonged to the Ahaus dominion. Many farms near Ahaus belonged to the Ahaus lordship. In addition, the Gogericht in Wüllen and Wessum was part of Otto's fiefdom.

Family relationships

  • Horstmar House : Adelheid von Ahaus, daughter of Gottfried von Ahaus and Kunigunde von Oldenburg, was married to Otto von Horstmar. Their daughter Beatrix married Count Friedrich von Rietberg . Her son Otto was Bishop of Munster.
  • Lohn house : Sophia von Lohn, sister of Hermann II von Lohn , was married to Bernhard II von Ahaus. Another sister married Sweder I. van Voorst, whose great-great-grandson Sweder III. van Voorst-Keppel was married to Johanna von Ahaus, daughter of Ludolph.
  • House Steinfurt : Hermann II von Ahaus married Agnes von Steinfurt. Relations with this house have always been good.
  • House Moers : Johanna, daughter of Ludolph, married Sweder III. van Voorst-Keppel, daughter of Kunigunde von Moers
  • House Solms : Sophia von Ahaus, daughter of Otto von Ahaus, married Heinrich von Solms in 1324
  • There were no family ties to the house of Gemen . The statement made by some authors that Bernhard III. von Ahaus was married to Adelheid von Gemen for the second time, is incorrect. The European family tables also incorrectly assume this marriage. In fact, Bernhard III was. married second to Ludgard van Keppel.

Lineage

  1. Bernhard I of Diepenheim (1105–1139)
    1. Lifhard von Diepenheim-Ahaus (1134–1154), guardian of Count Heinrich I of Tecklenburg
      1. Johann I of Ahaus (1177-1221)
        1. Gottfried von Ahaus (1220–1246), 1. ∞ Kunigunde von Oldenburg, 2. ∞ Gisbert III. van Bronckhorst
          1. Johann II, died on April 9, 1241 in the Battle of Liegnitz
          2. Adelheid von Ahaus (1234–1279), ∞ Otto von Horstmar
            1. Beatrix, ∞ Friedrich I. (Rietberg) , parents of the Münster bishop Otto III. from Rietberg
            2. Bernhard II von Ahaus (1255–1308), ∞ Sophia von Lohn, sister of Hermann II von Lohn
              1. Johann III. von Ahaus (1274–1323), ∞ Jutta von Ochten
                1. Jutta II. (1311–1340), ∞ Hermann von Merveldt
                2. Bernhard III. (1311–1330), 1. ∞ Agnes, 2. ∞ Ludgard van Keppel
                  1. Wikbold
                  2. Johann IV.
                  3. Hermann II., ∞ Agnes von Steinfurt
                    1. Ludolph, ∞ Johanna, bailiff of the Bishop of Utrecht, last dynast
                      1. Heinrich von Ahaus
                      2. Johanna, 1. ∞ Sweder III. von Voorst-Keppel, 2. ∞ Gottfried von Rohr-Drove descendants
                      3. Margaretha von Ahaus
                      4. Agnes von Ahaus Agnes II, ∞ Johann van Langerak, as widow abbess
                    2. Bernhard IV.
                    3. Agnes
                    4. Heinrich I., ∞ Bela
                      1. Henry II (1388–1403)
                      2. Hermann III. (1388–1448), Vice Curate in Amerongen, Province of Utrecht
                      3. Elisabeth
                    5. Oda, ∞ Matthew II of Schonevelde descendants
                    6. Jutta von Ahaus Jutta III, abbess in Vreden
                3. Hermann I, Canon in Osnabrück
                4. Sophia
                5. Marina
              2. Otto von Ahaus-Ottenstein (1274–1323), ∞ Margaretha, Droste in Tecklenburg
                1. Margaretha (1314–1333), ∞ John II of Limburg-Styrum
                2. Sophia (1312–1353), ∞ Heinrich von Solms
                  1. Otto (1330–1365), canon in Münster
                  2. Heinrich († 1407), Provost of the Cathedral in Münster
                  3. Margaretha (1330-1338)
                  4. Simon (1340–1384), canon in Münster
                  5. Lisa (1343–1409), abbess at Nottuln Abbey
                  6. Johann (1332–1401), ∞ Irmgard von Steinfurt
                    1. Henry III. (1374–1425), ∞ Agnes von Everstein
                      1. Irmgard (1408-1451)
                      2. Agnes (1408–1439), ∞ Otto van Bronckhorst-Borculo descendants
              3. Henry II (1343-1411)
                1. Elisabeth, ∞ Werner Socker
                2. Sophia (1343-1365)
                3. Gostia, ∞ Bernhard I. von Solms (brother of Heinrich, husband of her sister Sophia)
              4. Kunigunde, nun of St. Aegidi
              5. Jutta I.
              6. NN

Others

Hermann II von Ahaus fought at the side of Heinrich the Pious against the Mongols and died in these battles on April 9, 1241 near Liegnitz. A memorial plaque that the Ahaus District Displaced Persons Association set up on August 5, 1951 on the occasion of the “Day of the Expellees” commemorates him . In Ahaus, some street names are reminiscent of the Lords of Ahaus. In the city center these are Diepenheimstrasse and Liegnitzstrasse, in the Vestert construction area Juttastrasse, Ottostrasse, Ludolphstrasse, Heinrichstrasse, Margarethastrasse etc.

literature

  • Volker Tschuschke : The noble lords of Ahaus. A contribution to the history of the Westphalian nobility in the Middle Ages . Ed .: Landeskundliches Institut Westmünsterland. 1st edition. Vreden 2007, ISBN 3-937432-12-4 .
  • Germania Sacra , published by the Max Planck Institute for History, NF 17.2, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne, The Diocese of Münster . 4.2, edited by Wilhelm Kohl . Walter de Gruyter Verlag, Berlin 1982, ISBN 978-3-11-008508-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Volker Tschuschke : The noble lords of Ahaus. A contribution to the history of the Westphalian nobility in the Middle Ages . Ed .: Landeskundliches Institut Westmünsterland. 1st edition. Vreden 2007, ISBN 3-937432-12-4 , pp. 443 .
  2. ↑ Volker Tschuschke : The noble lords of Ahaus. A contribution to the history of the Westphalian nobility in the Middle Ages. Ed .: Landeskundliches Institut Westmünsterland. 1st edition. Vreden 2007, ISBN 3-937432-12-4 , pp. 408 .
  3. ↑ See European family tables
  4. ↑ Volker Tschuschke : The noble lords of Ahaus. A contribution to the history of the Westphalian nobility in the Middle Ages. Ed .: Landeskundliches Institut Westmünsterland. 1st edition. Vreden 2007, ISBN 3-937432-12-4 , pp. 105 f .
  5. ↑ Volker Tschuschke : The noble lords of Ahaus. A contribution to the history of the Westphalian nobility in the Middle Ages. Ed .: Landeskundliches Institut Westmünsterland. 1st edition. Vreden 2007, ISBN 3-937432-12-4 , pp. 47 ff .