Bredevoort feud

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Bredevoort Feud , also known as the Great Bredevoort Feud or Geldrian Feud , was a medieval ten-year conflict over the rights to the wages rule , the last of which Count Hermann II died in 1316. As opponents, Rainald II. From the county of Geldern and Ludwig II. , Prince-Bishop of the Monastery of Münster , faced each other. The dispute, which affected large parts of Westmünsterland , was settled on June 28, 1326 with the peace treaty of Wesel. As a result, the glory of Bredevoort came under the control of Geldern.

prehistory

The lordship's wages around 1250

The noblemen of Lohn owned extensive possessions on both sides of today's German-Dutch border in the area of the Borken and Achterhoek districts . In 1238 they were able to expand their dominion there considerably when they inherited half of Bredevoort Castle together with Ludolf von Steinfurt . In the quest for independence from Münster prince bishops wore in 1246 and 1255 their share of the castle and some parishes located in the Achterhoek the Guelders Count Otto II. The fief on. The other half of the castle belonged to the bishopric of Münster from 1284 after Baldwin I of Steinfurt had sold his share to the bishop of Münster. Rainald von Geldern and Bishop Ludwig had become owners of Bredevoort in equal parts. The Burg Lohn residence of the gentlemen of the same name in today's Stadtlohn , founded by Bishop Werner von Steusslingen , was also a Münster fiefdom.

After the death of the last dynast, Hermann II. In 1316, his nephews Johann and Otto von Ahaus inherited the lordship of Lohn. In the same year, the Ahauser brothers sold the rulership to the bishopric of Münster for 950 and 600 marks respectively, without observing the rights to the castle, town and land of Bredevoort to which the county of Geldern was entitled. These rights were also not recognized by Bishop Ludwig II, as Gottschalk II von Lohn had assumed the jurisdiction associated with the episcopal official court in this area. The conflict that would go down in history as the Bredevoort feud was thus mapped out.

How important the acquisition of the glory wages and the Bredevoort part was to the bishop can be seen from the fact that he gave the Gogerichte in Wessum, Wüllen and near Vreden, the castles Landegge and Fresenburg and the offices of Horstmar and Rheine in pledge to the noble lords of Ahaus otherwise would not have been able to raise the purchase price.

The feud

An amicable settlement in December 1316 failed, because Rainald von Geldern acquired the Barnsfeld (Bermentfelde) lordship near Ramsdorf in Westmünsterland in the Holthausen peasantry and claimed the Große Gogericht zum Homborn , located on the edge of the mountain range Die Berge between Gemen and Ramsdorf . Ludwig II reacted by having Ramsdorf fortified with trenches and a palisade fence. On May 25, 1319 the village was raised to Wigbold . In 1321 the prince-bishop ordered that all parishes were to be fortified with military forces and that the residents had to be able to fight. For his side, Ludwig Gottfried von Arnsberg , Bishop of Osnabrück , the Counts of Waldeck and Sayn , the noblemen of the Lippe and Archbishop Heinrich of Cologne and his nephew, Count Robert III. von Virneburg , Marshal of Westphalia , win. Rainald II was supported by the bishops in Utrecht and Liège , the Counts of Jülich , Berg , Artois and Flanders , King John of Bohemia and Count Wilhelm of Holland .

In the summer of 1322 Reinald II conquered and occupied Bredevoort Castle, from where he undertook a number of raids into the western Münsterland, which were accompanied by heavy looting and devastation. On March 23, 1323, a delegation from Borkener riflemen under the leadership of Hendrick de Wynen attacked a Geldrisches army in Letter Bruch near Coesfeld . They killed 86 Rainald soldiers and took many prisoners, including Reinald von Kleve.

Bishop Ludwig von Münster was taken prisoner when he fell into the hands of Count von der Mark , who was also allied with Geldern, on May 17, 1323 near Mersch in a raid against the city of Hamm . Ludwig was only released on November 13, 1323 against payment of 5,500 marks and the requirement to have the castles Rheine and Dornburgh (?) Razed. Since he was only able to raise a fraction of the ransom, he had to leave the Botzlar ( Selm ) castle and the courts of Olfen and Werne to Engelbert II von der Mark . Ludwig could not avoid admitting his insolvency to the Pope.

In 1324 Rainald II von Geldern attacked the city ​​of Vreden, which was divided between the Archdiocese of Cologne and the Monastery of Münster . His soldiers devastated the Münster area, but left the Cologne side unmolested. The destroyed part was not rebuilt. The Münster troops occupied Barnsfeld. On September 1, 1323, the armies of the Prince-Bishop and the Count of Geldern stood ready to fight at Coesfeld. At the last minute, King John of Bohemia and Count Wilhelm of Holland managed to prevent the battle. Their compromise provided that Johann III. von Diest , Bishop of Utrecht , was to settle the dispute as arbitrator. Johann awarded Bredevoort to the Count of Geldern against compensation of 500 marks. On the other points of contention, including the clarification of the status of Barnsfeld and the affiliation of the Great Go Court to the Homborn, Johann von Diest did not want to pass a judgment. However, the award was not accepted, and Rainald continued his raids in the Münsterland. The damage caused by this was estimated on April 25, 1325 by the Münster side at 3,000 marks.

Peace of Wesel

A final peace was only concluded on June 28, 1326 in Wesel by Dietrich IX. von Kleve and his brother Johann , who was cathedral dean in Cologne at the time. Then Bredevoort Castle fell to the Utrecht Bishop Johann III. from Diest . On the other hand, the Barnsfeld rule was added to the Münster monastery in return for compensation of 3500 marks. In order to raise this sum, the chronically scarce prince-bishop was forced to pledge the resulting glory Bredevoort and his free chairs in Winterswijk , Aalten and Dinxperlo to the Count of Geldern. Since the pledge was never redeemed, the glory of Bredevoort finally came under Geldrian influence.

literature

  • Bernhard Mensinck: The Cyriacus celebration at Borken or the victory over the Count of Geldern , Verlag JL Romen, Emmerich 1844. Contemporary presentation with elements of novels, available online at Bayerische Staatsbibliothek digital .

Footnotes and individual references

  1. ↑ Hermann Terhalle: From the Territorial Border to the State Border - The Origin of the Westphalian-Dutch Border ( Memento of the original from January 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Footnote 13 on page 21. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lwl.org
  2. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF37.3, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.3. The diocese. , Page 358f.
  3. ↑ See Ulrich Söbbing: Foray through the city history of Stadtlohn on the website of the Heimatverein Stadtlohn
  4. ^ Leopold von Ledebur : General Archive for the History of the Prussian State, Volume 10 . ES Mittler, Berlin, Posen and Bromberg 1833, p.  62 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Westfälisches Urkundenbuch , Volume 8: The documents of the Diocese of Münster from 1301 - 1325, No. 1030 of April 3, 1316. Ed. Robert Krumbholtz. Regensberg, Münster 1908–1913.
  6. ↑ Westfälisches Urkundenbuch , Volume 8: The documents of the Diocese of Münster from 1301-1325, No. 1074 of August 3, 1316. Ed. Robert Krumbholtz. Regensberg, Münster 1908–1913.
  7. ^ Hermann Terhalle: On the history of the Westphalian-Dutch border . Ed .: Heimatverein Vreden (=  contributions of the Heimatverein Vreden to regional and folklore . Volume 75 ). Self-published, Vreden 2008, ISBN 978-3-926627-53-7 , pp. 21st f .
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Cf. Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF37.1, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.1. The diocese. , Page 150ff.
  9. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF37.3, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.3. The diocese. , Page 399f.
  10. ↑ Detlef Fischer: Chronicle of the Münsterland . 1st edition. Aschendorff , Münster 2003, ISBN 3-402-05343-8 , pp. 69 .
  11. ↑ a b c Detlef Fischer: Chronicle of the Münsterland . 1st edition. Aschendorff , Münster 2003, ISBN 3-402-05343-8 , pp. 70 .
  12. ↑ In addition to March 23, the literature sometimes also mentions August 8, 1323 as the day of the battle. According to ancient sources, the event took place on Cyriacus Day. The Catholic Church celebrates the feast day of the martyr Cyriacus on August 8th, but the day of his death is known to be March 23rd, which explains this contradiction.
  13. ↑ Rene AM Martens: draft dossier - Hertog Reinald-II van Gelre en graaf van Zutphen (1295-1344). (PDF) 2012, accessed January 26, 2016 (Dutch).
  14. ↑ Detlef Fischer: Chronicle of the Münsterland . 1st edition. Aschendorff , Münster 2003, ISBN 3-402-05343-8 , pp. 71 .
  15. ↑ Hermann Terhalle: From the Territorial Border to the State Border - The Origin of the Westphalian-Dutch Border ( Memento of the original from January 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lwl.org