Hermann II von Lohn

Hermann II von Lohn (* before 1238; † 1316 ) was the last dynast of the Lohn rule , which was located on the western border of the Münster diocese in the area of ​​today 's Borken district and what is now the Dutch Achterhoeks . With his death, the noble lords died out of wages . The great Bredevoort feud sparked off his legacy .

Life

His parents were Hermann I von Lohn (1206–1252), whom he inherited as Count of the Lordship of Lohn, and Euphemia van Coeverden . When his father died, Hermann II was still a minor and was therefore supported by Otto von Lohn at the beginning of his reign . Hermann was married to Gertrud von Holte , daughter of the nobleman Hermann von Holte and niece of Archbishop Wigbold von Holte of Cologne . The marriage resulted in two sons, Hermann von Lohn († 1315) and Wikbold von Lohn († 1312), the canon (1292-1310), cathedral clerk (1303-1306) and provost (1307-1310) at St. Paulus -Dom was in Munster .

Approach to Geldern

Hermann II continued the rapprochement with the county of Geldern that had begun under his father . In 1255 he sold his rights to the jurisdiction over Zelhem and Hengelo to the Geldrischen Count Otto II. This so-called land on the Goy was incidentally a Münstersches fiefdom and formed the furthest western tip of the diocese of Münster.

Feud with the Counts of the Mark

On November 1, 1277, Hermann II captured Engelbert I , Count von der Mark , who was on his way to Tecklenburg , and arrested him at his Bredevoort castle . Engelbert died shortly afterwards on November 16 in captivity. Then in 1278 his son Everhard moved against Hermann to the field and destroyed Bredevoort Castle after a siege. He transferred his father's body to the Cappenberg monastery for burial . Several penalties were imposed on the defeated Hermann von Lohn. One of them was a two-year pilgrimage. It is unclear whether this was exported to the Holy Land or Livonia . The defeat against Märkler and the reparation measures to be taken by Hermann de facto meant the end of the county’s independence.

At the beginning of the 14th century, Hermann II von Lohn got into a dispute with the clergy in Münster. The new Prince-Bishop Otto III. von Rietberg (1301–1306) had concluded an alliance with the envoy of Cologne Archbishop Wigbold von Holte , whose brother Wedekind von Holte led the delegation as provost of the cathedral on his election day . The alliance was directed against Count Everhard von der Mark , whose father had died at the Bredevoorter Feste. Everhard wanted to push back the Cologne influence, but he could not get the candidate, Abbot Heinrich von Wildenburg of the Werden monastery , through. At that time Otto von Rietberg was still on the side of Hermann, whose wife Gertrud was related to the Archbishop of Cologne, and promised him support for the return and reconstruction of Bredevoort Castle . But Otto soon broke his word and allied himself with the Count von der Mark in a feud against the wage earner. Bredevoort fell into the hands of the Märklers during an armed conflict in 1303, and when Lohn Castle was about to be handed over, Hermann fled his castle. He was picked up in Bocholt and handed over to the prince-bishop, who had to promise to spare Hermann's life. Subsequently, Ludolf the Younger von Steinfurt , the canons Wikbold von Lohn and Otto von Bentheim and, most recently, Archbishop Wigbold von Holte sided with Hermann. The Cologne man succeeded in concluding a temporary, fragile armistice, with the castles of Lohn and Bredevoort becoming the joint property of the Bishop of Munster and the Count of the Mark.

However, the conflict widened as more feudal lords fought one side or the other. Only with the illness and death of the Archbishop of Cologne did the situation calm down. Subsequently, the alliance between Otto von Rietberg and Everhard von der Mark in the joint ownership of the two castles broke up, and their traditional hostility revived when the prince-bishop brought the Brandenburg troops in front of the door. Everhardt then conquered Dülmen Castle and besieged the new episcopal Rikesmolen Castle near Werne an der Lippe. It was still a long way to peace. In the end Otto decided not to expand Rikesmolen, Everhard gave Dülmen back and in return became a co-owner of Bredevoort again.

1306 Bishop Otto was removed from office by the Archbishop of Cologne. His successor Konrad took to the field in 1308 against Ludwig von Ravensberg , Bishop of Osnabrück . The origins of this feud still lay in Ludwig's siding with the deposed Otto von Riedberg, but also the fate of Hermann II von Lohn. The Munster troops, including Hermann von Lohn, were defeated on October 2, 1308 in the Third Battle of the Haler Feld against the Osnabrück troops. The victorious Ludwig von Ravensberg was seriously injured and died three days later of his wounds.

Mr. von Holte

Through his wife Gertrud von Holte, Hermann von Lohn came into the possession of the Holte lordship , which had its headquarters in the Holter Castle in the Osnabrück region . In 1315 he sold the estate to Count Otto IV von Ravensberg for 350 marks .

End of the county

With Hermann's death in 1316, the noble lords of Lohn died out because his two sons had died before him. The county fell to his nephews, the noblemen Johann and Otto von Ahaus . They sold the lordship, including the castle and lordship of Bredevoort, to Bishop Ludwig II , Landgrave of Hesse. Since the county of Geldern subsequently also asserted claims on Bredevoort, the great Bredevoort feud , also known as the Geldrian feud , broke out after the von Lohn family died out .

Web links

• The County in the Middle Ages, Medieval History of the Achterhoeks and Liemers ': Herman II. Van Lohn - Graaf van Lohn (1255-1316) (Dutch)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ De Graafschap in de Middeleeuwen (Genealogical onderzoeksdatabase): Hermann II. Van Lohn ( Dutch )
2. ^ The county in the Middle Ages, Medieval history of the Achterhoeks and Liemers ': Herman II. Van Lohn - Graaf van Lohn (1255-1316) ( Dutch )
3. ↑ De Graafschap in de Middeleeuwen (Genealogical onderzoeksdatabase): Wicbold van Lohn ( netherlands )
4. ↑ De Graafschap in de Middeleeuwen (Genealogical onderzoeksdatabase): Hermann van Lohn ( netherlands )
5. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF17.2, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 4.2. The cathedral monastery of St. Paul in Münster. , Page 19f.
6. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.1, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.1. The diocese. , Page 440.
7. ^ Leopold von Ledebur : General Archive for the History of the Prussian State, Volume 10 . ES Mittler, Berlin, Posen and Bromberg 1833, p.  62 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
8. ↑ Cf. Friedrich Dücker: The old glory Lon, Loen, Lohn, their dynasts, counts and descendants , communications from the West German Society for Family Studies eV , Volume XVII, Volume 44, Issue 5, 1956, p. 210.
9. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.2, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.2. The diocese. , Page 57.
10. ↑ Internet portal for Westphalian history: 1277
11. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.1, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.1. The diocese. , Page 582.
12. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.3, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.2. The diocese. , Page 357.
13. ^ Eduard Heinel : History of the Prussian State and People, edited for all classes . History of the Duchies of Klewe, Jülich and Berg up to the unification with the Electorate of Brandenburg. tape  3 . von Dunckler and Humblot, Berlin 1841, p. 129, 139 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
14. ^ Eduard Heinel : History of the Prussian State and People, edited for all classes . History of the Duchies of Klewe, Jülich and Berg up to the unification with the Electorate of Brandenburg. tape  3 . von Dunckler and Humblot, Berlin 1841, p. 176 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
15. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.1, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.1. The diocese. , Page 136ff.
16. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.3, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.2. The diocese. , Page 382.
17. ↑ Cf. Karl Adolf Freiherr von der Horst: The knight seats of the Grafschaft Ravensberg and the Principality of Minden . Hofenberg, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-8430-7134-5 , pp. 94 ( limited preview in Google Book search). . However, Count Otto III named in the source died . as early as 1306, the sale was carried out under his son Otto IV .
18. ^ Friedrich Müller: History of the castle castle Ravensberg in Westphalia . Osnabrück 1839, p. 75 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
19. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.1, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.1. The diocese. , Page 150ff.
20. ↑ See Wilhelm Kohl in Germania Sacra NF36.1, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.1. The diocese. , Page 636.